The Renaissance began in Italy and was later introduced to western European countries. There are many reasons for the emergence and development of the Renaissance. There are both the germination and development of capitalist relations of production and the unique historical and cultural traditions of Europe, especially Italy. There are also the support and sponsorship of the Pope and the Holy See, but the fundamental reason lies in the germination and development of capitalist relations of production in Europe and the rise and growth of the emerging bourgeoisie. Renaissance is an anti-feudal and anti-church revolutionary umbrella initiated by the emerging bourgeoisie in the ideological field. If the emerging bourgeoisie wants to fully enjoy the happiness of life, develop cost centralism and establish its dominant position, it must break through the shackles of feudal system and religious theology, thus launching the struggle against feudalism and church.
The guiding ideology of the Renaissance is "humanism". Its main contents are: advocating "human" as the center, opposing "God" as the center, advocating human nature and opposing divinity; Advocate individual freedom and oppose theocracy and absolutism; Advocate secular life and enjoyment, and oppose asceticism and afterlife; Advocate knowledge and reason, and oppose ignorance. The Renaissance held high the great banner of humanism and waged a life-and-death struggle with feudal theology, freeing people from the prison of theology.
During the Renaissance, European civilization showed obviously different characteristics from the past. The sacred religious aura shrouded in European civilization gradually faded, and religion became increasingly secular. Especially in the fields of spiritual civilization such as literature and art, on the one hand, religious themes are still widely used, on the other hand, secular "people" are emphasized, or people are expressed with religious themes, and more people are integrated into religious theology. People respect the authority of the Pope and rational truth. It can be said that the most striking feature of European civilization during the Renaissance is the preparation and blending of God and man.
The Renaissance created brilliant cultural achievements. It has made great contributions to the treasure house of human culture. Literary achievements are the most important content of the Renaissance. Dante, Petrarch, Boccaccio and other Italian "three literary giants", as well as rabelais, Cervantes, Shakespeare and other humanistic literary giants. Created a large number of immortal masterpieces with a high degree of ideological and artistic unity. Giotto, Leonardo da Vinci, Michelangelo, Raphael, Titian and other great artists are the most brilliant representatives of the Renaissance. Each of their masterpieces is a wonderful flower in the treasure house of human art, and their artistic achievements have opened up a new era of realistic art, in addition. A new humanistic philosophy with natural philosophy as its main content. Break away from the shackles of theology and gradually rise; The new historiography with "man" as the main body of historical activities came into being and made brilliant achievements; Machiavelli, Boudin and other emerging bourgeois politicians initially put forward the bourgeois legal right thought, while Moore and campanella put forward the early utopian socialist thought, which marked the beginning of modern scientific politics. The Renaissance liberated natural science in an unprecedented way. Great scientists such as Copernicus, Bruno, Kepler and Galileo broke through the geocentric theory that ruled astronomy for thousands of years, and established and perfected the sun-centered theory, thus opening the prelude to the modern natural science revolution. At the same time, mathematics, physics, medicine and other disciplines have also made great progress; Education broke through the shackles of the church and produced a new humanistic education theory; Social customs have gradually become secularized ... In short, the Renaissance liberated all fields of culture from the prison of absolutism, asceticism, afterlife and obscurantism in medieval theology, created colorful achievements, opened a new chapter in world civilization and became the second peak of human civilization since ancient Greece.
Renaissance is a great cultural revolution, the greatest and most progressive change in human history, and a major development of European history and culture from the Middle Ages to modern times. On the surface, the Renaissance is the revival of classical culture. In fact, it is the rise of a new bourgeois culture, and its great significance lies not in retro, but in creation. It liberated people's minds and promoted the climax of the struggle against feudalism and church. Its achievements in all aspects of culture are the common precious wealth of mankind and laid the foundation for the development of modern bourgeois culture. Renaissance is also a great historical era, an era in which giants come forth in large numbers, which represents the dawn of capitalism and indicates that the bourgeois era is coming soon. Humanism put forward during the Renaissance had a far-reaching impact on the bourgeois revolution and the development of capitalism in modern Europe and America.
Renaissance is a monument in the history of human civilization and will go down in history forever!