Confucius used "six words and six shields" to explain the importance of learning to students, from which we can also see his educational purpose. "Word" refers to moral character, and "hiding" refers to "disadvantage". These principles taught by Confucius are of great significance in inspiring students' learning consciousness and can still be used as a reference for our educational work. His original words are as follows:
Confucius said: "You, woman (you) have heard that six words and six words cover up the situation? (There is a question mark here)" He said to him: "Weiye." "Ju! I am Conversation girl. If you are fond of knowledge and don't learn, you will be blind; if you are fond of knowledge and don't learn, you will be blind; if you are honest and don't learn, you will be blind; if you are straight and don't learn, you will be blind; if you are brave and don't learn, then you will be blind. It is also chaotic; if you are too strong and not easy to learn, you will be crazy." (Chapter 8 of "Yang Huo") (Confucius said: "Zhong You! (Student Zilu's courtesy name is Zhong You) You have heard that there are six kinds of moral qualities. Is there any disadvantage? (There is a question mark here)" Zilu replied: "No." Confucius said: "Sit down and let me tell you. It leads to dissoluteness; if you like honesty but don’t like learning, the disadvantage is that you and your loved ones will be harmed; if you like straightforwardness but don’t like learning, the disadvantage is sharp and harsh words; if you like bravery but don’t like learning, the disadvantage is causing trouble and getting into trouble; if you like being strong, the disadvantage is But if you don't like learning, the disadvantage is arrogance.") Benevolence, knowledge, faith, straightforwardness, courage, and strength are all good qualities, but they must be based on learning and acquiring knowledge, otherwise they will cause harm. The following are described separately:
1. "Benevolence is not learned, and its disadvantages are also stupidity"
"Benevolence" is of course a virtue. You have a benevolent heart and care for it out of sincerity. Of course it’s good to help people. However, if you are ignorant, you will do bad things with good intentions. For example, in the fable about the mountain wolf, Mr. Dongguo rescued a wolf and hid the wolf in a cloth bag to avoid being hunted by hunters. However, when the rescued wolf came out of the cloth bag, it wanted to eat the rescuer. If Mr. Dongguo is really buried in the belly of a wolf, he can only be blamed for his stupidity, and the evil wolf will eat other people after eating Mr. Dongguo. The so-called "one thought of benevolence can send a tiger back to the mountain", the result is harm to society. Mr. Dongguo has good intentions, but lacks the knowledge to distinguish between good and evil.
Let me give you another example that I witnessed. One soldier touched the power grid, and other soldiers reached out to pull it out of the spirit of camaraderie among their comrades. One after another, they were touched by a powerful current, and several soldiers were sacrificed. In fact, the army once organized a study, and the study content included knowledge about power grids. However, they refused to learn, made irreparable mistakes, and a well-intentioned person did something stupid.
Only by studying hard can you avoid doing bad things with good intentions and doing stupid things with good intentions.
2. "If you like to know but not to learn, you will be blinded"
"Knowledge" is the same as "wisdom", which means "wisdom", "resourcefulness" and "witness". Yang Bojun's "The Analects of Confucius" translates it as "love to play smart". "Dang", Kong Anguo of the Han Dynasty annotated it as "no place to defend", and Zhu Xi of the Song Dynasty annotated it as "the height is too high and the breadth stops". I translate this sentence as: If you like to use your own intelligence and wit to solve problems, you will have the disadvantages of lacking a foundation and losing principles.
To give an example: Hong Kong's "Ta Kung Pao" once had a full-page advertisement that read "Oriental Sacred Deer" - the picture shows world long-distance running champion Wang Junxia standing on the Olympic medal podium, holding flowers in her hands. With a glorious and proud smile on her face as a Chinese athlete, a "Red Camellia" brand cigarette was pointed at the world champion's mouth. It seemed that the "Red Camellia" cigarette gave her the energy to stand on the championship podium. She declared to the world that " "Internationally famous cigarette, fashionable taste"... At a time when the world champion is enthusiastically praising the people of the country, judging from the picture alone, the advertising designer is indeed very smart and witty, using the words of the world champion to promote "Red Camellia" cigarettes to the public Hong Kong public. However, world champion Wang Junxia filed a lawsuit against the Kunming Cigarette Factory in court. The first reason for the lawsuit was that her photo was used without consent, infringing her right to portrait; the second reason was that it violated her own anti-smoking philosophy and allowed her to promote smoking, which corrupted her. reputation. The result of this case is obvious: Kunming Cigarette Factory lost the case! Therefore, the advertising designer's cleverness was "little clever" and the idea he came up with was a "bad idea". It backfired and did not make any money for the employer, but caused him to lose a lot of money.
Everything is related to the overall situation and the overall situation. It is a part of the overall situation and the overall situation. Each part is interconnected and restricts each other. If you lack this knowledge and don't study, you will end up trying to be clever and come up with crooked ideas, and you will end up with a lot of bloodshed. To do work and solve problems, you must have a clear understanding of the nature and overall situation of the work and the problem, which requires all aspects of relevant knowledge. Of course, these can only be "learned and known." If you don't study hard, you will be "whim-driven" and have short-sightedness, relying solely on your own cleverness and ideas, as the saying goes, the result will be "being clever but being misled by cleverness".
3. "Good faith is difficult to learn, and its concealment is also a thief"
"Trust" refers to honesty; "good faith" means honesty, not deceitful, trustworthy, and emphasizing trust. Keep your promise and keep your word, "Once a word is spoken, it is hard to follow it." Doing so is of course a human virtue. "Thief", as a verb here, means damage. The connotation of this sentence, the complete explanation is that a person is honest in everything, does not tell lies, and must do what he says. Such moral character is of course very good, but if you don't learn, you won't understand the big principles and can't distinguish between important things and important things. In small sections, if you are unable to make changes when things happen, you will instead cause damage to the country, your career, and yourself.
"Sun Tzu's Art of War" said: "A soldier never tires of deception." A liar deceives the other party and makes the other party fall into the trap.
Both sides of the battle want to lure the enemy into being deceived, "lure the enemy deep, gather together and annihilate them", or "make a sound to the east and attack the west", "ambush halfway", or "encircle the point for reinforcements". Most of all military tactics are based on "deception". Our army sends a platoon to surprise the White Tiger Regiment. What they want is for the "flying general to descend from the sky". They will never make a phone call in advance: "Hey, hello, your regiment commander, we will go to your regiment headquarters tonight..." Then If it is not called "honest and upright", it is stupidity; if it is not called "gentlemanly style", it is the behavior of a fool.
Old martial arts novels and new martial arts novels often describe such scenes: entering dangerous situations and showing off one's chest in front of a powerful enemy. Yi Ting: "If you don't change your name in work, don't change your surname in sitting, this hero is so and so!" There are such people in Jin Yong's novels, but they don't exist in real life; if they do exist, they are also fools who are cut into pieces with random knives. Where are the heroes?
The Japanese soldiers surrounded the village, and the tip of their bayonet pressed against the chest of an old farmer: "Which one is the Eighth Route Army? (There is a question mark here) If you don't tell, they are dead!" The old farmer said: “The Eighth Route Army doesn’t have it here. The Japanese soldier said: "You lied! Your conscience is greatly damaged!" "When the knife was stabbed, blood came out. The enemy accused him of lying and cheating, and the masses praised him for using his own blood to defend the anti-Japanese cadres. Many martyrs endured the cruel torture of the enemy and refused to tell the truth. If "there is nothing that cannot be said to others," To confess truthfully is a sinful betrayal and an unforgivable traitorous act. Our martyrs did not hesitate to spill their blood on the execution ground, showing noble integrity. This is the righteousness of the revolution and the pride of the Chinese nation. It is the truest loyalty to the party and the nation. Being able to adhere to this important principle, distinguish right from wrong, and establish a correct outlook on life and firm beliefs stems from a clear understanding of history and reality. < /p>
The above examples all talk about right and wrong, and there are often "white lies" in daily work and life.
The old man's only son died on the battlefield, and one of his comrades. Every year, he writes letters and sends money in the names of fallen soldiers to support the elderly. This comrade who writes fake letters is filled with deep love for his comrades and the elderly. A patient suffers from cancer, and doctors and the patient's relatives are always worried. There are many examples of hiding the disease from the patient and saying it is not a big deal, so as not to increase the mental burden on the patient and facilitate treatment. In such a situation, what would be the result if the truth is told? (There is a question mark here) A white lie. "It is to understand the general idea, to be able to adapt to changes, and not to stick to details.
4. "It is good to be straight but not to learn, and it will also be obscured"
"Straight", in this sentence It means straightforward and upright. "Qiao" refers to speaking harshly and rudely. The meaning of the whole sentence is that if a person likes to be straightforward and speaks straightforwardly, but is unwilling to learn, does not understand etiquette, and does not respect others, it will lead to resentment. The shortcomings of people being mean, reckless and rude.
Being honest, speaking straightforwardly, speaking from the heart, not being duplicitous, and not being hypocritical and sophisticated when dealing with interpersonal relationships are naturally good qualities. People who are honest can easily gain people's trust. However, if "straight" is used improperly, it will also cause disadvantages.
Things in the world are complicated, and interpersonal relationships are also complicated. What you hear may be one-sided, or it may be an illusion or a rumor. If you say what you see and hear, or make a "little broadcast", it will not be beneficial to others, yourself, or your career. Therefore, we must proceed. To improve the level of understanding through investigation and research, it is necessary to strengthen learning and cultivation. If you are like Li Kui in "Water Margin", you would be foolish to believe one-sided rumors and make a fuss in the Zhongyi Hall with a wooden ax.
Even if Your knowledge is true and your thoughts are correct, but it is related to the other person's privacy. You cannot invade other people's privacy. Even if it is not privacy, people may have no choice but to do so, as he did. Why not put yourself in others' shoes, be more tolerant, and be more considerate. Even if your opinion is correct, everyone's thoughts and cultivation levels are different, and there is still a question of whether the other person can accept your opinion. . You hurt people's self-esteem and will embarrass them; your harsh words will cause resentment; you do not understand the other person's difficulties and will make people sad. Therefore, even if you have good intentions, just because you are "straight", On the contrary, it will cause bad consequences. To put it mildly, it will worsen the relationship between the two parties and affect unity; to put it more seriously, it may mess up the work in the career or even cause unexpected changes.
We must not only "tell everything we know and speak everything" and be straightforward; we must also proceed from reality and strengthen investigation, research and scientific analysis. Seeking truth from facts at work, being kind to others, and paying attention to methods and methods are the dialectics of "straightness".
5. "If you are brave but don't want to learn, you will be confused"
Courage is a virtue, which manifests itself in overcoming difficulties, making sacrifices, and moving forward wherever you go. But bravery comes in various forms.
Mount Everest is high, and it is courage to dare to climb. When the flood roars, jumping down to block the breach in the embankment is courageous. When the charge horn sounds, you jump out of the trench and rush towards the enemy line under the artillery fire. This is courage. The hero in "Water Margin" "screams when he sees an injustice on the road, and takes action when it is time to take action." He acts chivalrously and righteously, which is courage. The gangsters are in trouble, and jumping into the frying pan without frowning can't be said to be courageous.
Courage has various manifestations, some of which we approve of, and some of which we disapprove of.
When we educate our children and teach them to jump from high places, we often encourage them: "Be brave!" The purpose is to develop the courageous quality of overcoming difficulties and not being afraid of dangers through exercise. A person who is timid and timid when faced with difficulties will not be successful in his life. Such training is necessary. When a group of children fight, our parents will definitely prevent their children from participating. No parent will tell their children: "Don't be afraid to break your head and get a stick!" Why? (There is a question mark here) That is causing trouble and causing trouble. Bravery cannot be used in this place. We hope that everyone has the quality of courage and do not allow them to make trouble and cause trouble regardless of the consequences. This is what Confucius said: "If you are brave but don't learn, your concealment will lead to confusion."
Courage does not mean acting rashly and recklessly based on a momentary impulse. To conquer a bunker, you must study the terrain, find out where the enemy's firepower is, make detours, use blind spots, or strengthen your own artillery cover, and study tactics carefully; rushing forward with enthusiasm alone will result in unnecessary sacrifices. If recklessness is called courage, we do not agree with it, because it is courageous and reckless. You need to be prepared before climbing. The mountains are hypoxic and you don’t have an oxygen bag. The mountains are extremely cold and you don’t have any supplies to keep out the cold. If you can’t reach the top of the mountain, you will die. We don’t approve of such courage either. Because this is courage without preparation, it is reckless courage. The underworld competes for the dock, or competes to be the boss, competing to stab the body with a knife; or competing to reach out to fish out something from the frying pan. We disapprove of such courage, because it is the courage of an ordinary man to show off his strength and fight ruthlessly.
Confucius required that courage should be used on the right path and should be combined with knowledge, wisdom, and benevolence. If you are brave and have no plan, you will lose your life in vain and will not help anything; if you are confused in your thoughts, you will be taken advantage of carelessly, and you will foolishly work for the bad guys, harming yourself and others. How to use the right path and be wise and courageous requires learning, and through learning to improve ideological and moral awareness and knowledge level.
6. "If you are too strong and don't want to learn, you will be crazy"
"Strength" means strength, which is expressed as being strong and unyielding, preferring to bend rather than bend. "Crazy" means madness, which is a manifestation of mental disorder.
Being strong and unyielding, rather than bending, is a virtue. Many people with lofty ideals in history, as "Mencius" said, "wealth cannot be fornicated, poverty cannot be moved, and power cannot be bent." Mencius called it the spirit of "a man". Many Chinese sons and daughters in history would rather break their bodies to pieces than change their aspirations. They all have this strong and enterprising spirit despite facing numerous obstacles and perseverance. Those who are seduced by wealth, moved by poverty, and surrendered by power will become soft-headed and become cowards who give up in spite of difficulties, deserters who run away from battle, and even degenerate into traitors who surrender to the Qin Dynasty and the late Chu Dynasty.
Those lofty spirits are those who strive for truth, justice, and the interests of the nation and people. If you work for the fascists, are loyal to the autocratic dictator, become an accomplice of the evildoer, or become the gangster brother, the more persistent you are, the more reactionary you will be, and the greater the harm to the country and society. For this kind of person, no one praises him for his strength and steadfastness. They can only say that he is stubborn and unyielding, and he is a crazy person with a granite head.