Wang Bo's preface to Wang Teng-ting is full of beautiful sentences, one of which is "The sunset and lonely Qi Fei grow together." This famous sentence has always been recognized as a quatrain. First of all, the antithesis is neat, almost "work comes to work." "Sunset" and "loneliness" in the previous sentence and "autumn water" and "sky" in the next sentence are both noun phrases, and they pay attention to confrontation. What's more, the upper and lower sentences are paired separately, that is, the sentence with high metrical requirements is self-correct: sunset can be used for solitude and autumn water for sky. Of course, in the Tang Dynasty, these were nothing, for example, Du Fu's "the sky is full of high winds and apes crow, and the birds in the blue lake and white sand return"; Lu You's "A boat snows at night, Guazhou crosses, an iron horse crosses the autumn wind", and every sentence is right. The difference is that Du Fu's phrases such as "the wind is urgent", "the sky is high", "the ape is mourning", "Zhu Qing", "Sha Bai" and "the bird flies back" are all subject-predicate phrases, and they are directly connected into sentences without function words. Secondly, the last sentence is written by Xia and Wu's Qi Fei; The next sentence is static, and water and sky are "one color", so that they can move and be static. The last sentence focuses on the eyes moving with the scene, highlighting the expression of the scene; The next sentence, the key point is that the heart is quiet because of the scenery, highlighting the color of the scenery. The picture is harmonious and beautiful. Once again, skillfully turn it into a sentence, don't innovate. Wang Yinglin's Story of Sleeping in Learning (Volume 17): "Yu Xin's Fu on Ma Su says:" The fallen flowers cover Qi Fei directly, and the willows are the same color. "Wang Bo imitates its language. If we compare the advantages and disadvantages of Yu Xin's sentence pattern from the perspective of antithesis, we will find that the advantage of Wang's sentence pattern is that the upper and lower sentences can be "self-correcting", while Yu Xin's sentence pattern can't. Finally, if "sunset glow" refers to a real rosy cloud rather than a bird (like Ying Ge) (as quoted in Zhu Dongrun's book above, the same page), then there is an advantage: the combination of dots, lines and planes. Although there is not necessarily only one lonely man and few women, there won't be too many points in short; Sunset can only be a line or a small piece of the horizon (the sky in the west) instead of the sky; However, autumn water and the sky are a huge tunnel surface. In this way, the point, line and surface are skillfully combined, and the scenery is very layered.
The first sentence is the beauty of color. Under the setting sun, the sunset glow is dazzling, and the feathers of the emu are dark backlit, so the lonely man and few women are almost a shadow, but the sunset glow can't cover half the sky in the west and is still exposed in the blue sky. The blue sky is not as bright as the sunset glow, but it is brighter than lonely people. They are lonely, sunset and sunset. The colors of solitary fish are mainly green, brown and purple, which are cool colors and complementary colors. The background of sunset glow is clear sky and sapphire, and the colors of sunset glow are complementary. We know that when two complementary colors are adjacent, they can form the strongest contrast, and in effect, they can make both sides reach the maximum brightness. Wang Bo skillfully used this contrast to make the whole design look particularly bright and beautiful. ?
Secondly, dynamic beauty. Lonely people are "flying", clouds are "falling", and only the sky does not move. Although autumn water is quiet, water will not die if it doesn't stop in winter. When the breeze passes, ripples will continue to appear in the autumn water. After the ripples have passed, the scenery reflected on the water surface will be swung open, revealing underwater scenery: aquatic plants, even fish and shrimp. This is obviously a beautiful flowing picture. ?
The third is the beauty of truth and falsehood. The blue sky is extremely deep, Xia Hong is slightly lower, and lonely people are even lower. There are three floors here, and the autumn water is below. The water in autumn is quiet. When "autumn waters grow together, the sky is the same color", the picture in the sky is naturally reflected in the water. The so-called "sky and clouds drift together", water has three levels. Moreover, the higher the scenery in the sky, the deeper the reflection in the water. This constitutes a contrast between real and virtual scenes. In addition, the breeze blows, the autumn water ripples, and the scenery reflected on the mirror-smooth water surface will be swung open, vaguely revealing the underwater scenery. This is like an image on the water, which constitutes a kind of true and false beauty. ?
The fourth is the beauty of three-dimensional space. "Autumn water is the same as the sky". On the horizon, the original two planes that do not intersect have undergone constant deformation, which conforms to people's visual habits and can make people feel that the whole picture has a three-dimensional sense of reality. Not only that, "autumn waters grow together, the sky is the same color" leads people's eyes to the place where the water meets the sky, which is the farthest place people can reach. The Sunset and Lonely Qi Fei draws people's attention to the zenith, which is the highest point in people's field of vision. This scene is reflected in the autumn water, which makes the scenery with the highest height have the greatest depth. There are far, high and deep, and the realm is open, giving people a strong three-dimensional sense. ?
The fifth is to arouse people's imagination. In this sentence, birds are alive, but the sky and clouds are lifeless. Here, the latter becomes the background of the former, while the former is an emotional and will activity point of the latter, which makes people think of life and inanimate; The sunset glow is eternal in the sky, and loneliness is just a passer-by, giving people an eternal and short feeling; "Lonely" EMU and "falling" EMU, why is it lonely? Fly there? ..... it's emotional; "Autumn waters are the same as the sky", and the water meets the sky in the distance. Where is Wang Bo's mood? What is the scenery like there? ..... gives people endless reverie.
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