Poets, in a general sense, usually refer to people who write poetry, but from a literary concept, they should be poetry writers and poets who have made certain achievements in poetry (poetry) creation. writer. The following is an introduction to pastoral poet Tao Yuanming that I compiled. Welcome to read.

Tao Yuanming was born into a declining official family. Great-grandfather Tao Kan was the founding father of the Eastern Jin Dynasty. He had outstanding military exploits and held the rank of Grand Sima, military commander of eight states, governor of Jingzhou and Jiangzhou, and was granted the title of Duke of Changsha. His grandfather Tao Mao and his father Tao Yi both served as prefects. When he was young, his family declined and his father died at the age of nine. He lived with his mother and sister. Orphaned and widowed, most of them live in the home of their grandfather Meng Jia. Meng Jia is a contemporary celebrity. "He is not a stoic in his behavior, he is not boastful in his years, and he never looks unhappy. He likes to drink heavily, and does not mess up after too much. As for forgetting his pride, he acts as if there is no one else." ("The General of the Former Jin Dynasty in the West") "Shi Mengfu Jun Biography") Yuanming "managed to live in the world with great intentions, and many of his ancestors imitated him." (Daqin Liyu) In the future, his personality and cultivation were very much like those of his grandfather. His grandfather had a large collection of books at home, which provided him with the conditions to read ancient books and understand history. In the Jin Dynasty when scholars regarded "Zhuang" and "Lao" as their sects and deposed the "Six Classics", he not only studied "Laozi" like ordinary scholar-bureaucrats "Zhuangzi", and also studied the "Six Classics" of Confucianism and "exotic books" such as literature, history and mythology. Influenced by the ideological trends of the times and his family environment, he accepted two different ideas, Confucianism and Taoism, and cultivated two different aspirations: "a strong ambition to travel to the world" and "a natural love for mountains and hills".

Tao Yuanming rarely had the ambition to "reach the world with his fierce ambition, and think about far away places" ("Miscellaneous Poems"). In the eighteenth year of Taiyuan (393) of Emperor Xiaowu, he had the ambition of "greatly benefiting the common people". If you wish, let Jiangzhou offer wine. At that time, the clan system was very strict. He was born in a common family and was despised by others. He felt that he was not worthy of his official position, so he was relieved and returned home after a few days. ("The Biography of Tao Qian, Book of Jin") After he resigned and returned home, the state again called him to be the chief clerk, but he also declined. In the fourth year of Emperor Long'an's reign (400), he went to Jingzhou and joined Huanxuanmen as a subordinate. At this time, Huanxuan was controlling the middle and upper reaches of the Yangtze River, waiting for the opportunity to usurp the power of the Eastern Jin Dynasty. Of course, he was unwilling to join the ranks of Huanxuan and become the confidant of this ambitious man. He wrote in his poem: "How can I leave here and go as far away as West Jing." ("Xin Chou went on leave in the seventh month of the year and returned to Jiangling for a night trip to Tukou"), which showed regret for the official Huanxuan. "Born of long-term travel and love, how can I be drowned in nourishment?" ("Two poems from "The capital is still blocking the wind in Guilin in the fifth month of the year of Gengzi") expresses a deep sigh for the official life that depends on people. In the winter of the fifth year of Long'an, he resigned and returned home because of his mother's death. In the first month of the first year of Yuanxing (402), Huanxuan raised his troops to confront the imperial court, invaded Jiankang, and seized the military and political power of the Eastern Jin Dynasty. In the second year of Yuanxing, Huan Xuan publicly usurped the throne in Jiankang, changed the country to Chu, and imprisoned Emperor An in Xunyang. He farmed in his hometown and financed his own business. He closed his door and chanted loudly: "I sleep under the Hengmen, and I am isolated from the world. No one knows that the Jing Fei is always closed during the day." He expressed his disdain for Huan Xuan's proclaimed emperor. In the third year of Yuanxing, Liu Yu, General Wu of the Jianjun Army and Governor of Xiapi, joined forces with Liu Yi, He Wuji and other officials to raise troops from Jingkou (now Zhenjiang, Jiangsu) to attack Huan and ping the rebellion. Huanxuan was defeated and went west, taking Emperor An, who was imprisoned in Xunyang, to Jiangling. He left home and joined the army under Liu Yumu's command. (One theory is that Tao Yuanming joined Liu Yu after he captured Jiankang). When Liu Yu led his troops to attack Huan Xuan, he imitated the story of Tian Chou who was loyal to the Eastern Han Dynasty and traveled in disguise. He disguised himself and traveled privately. He ventured to Jiankang and told the whole story of Huan Xuan's kidnapping of Emperor An to Jiangling. He reported to Liu Yu and completed his mission. Willingness to fight against the usurper. He was so happy that he wrote a poem to clarify his ambition: "I am unknown at forty, and I am not afraid of this. I have a famous car, and I have a famous horse. Although it is thousands of miles away, who dares not to reach it!" (Chapter 4 of "Rongmu") Liu Yu fights After entering Jiankang, his style of work was also quite extraordinary. The politics of the Eastern Jin Dynasty had long been plagued by the long-standing and irreversible phenomenon of corruption. After Liu Yu's rectification of "setting an example for others" (leading by example) and imposing a majestic prohibition in advance, "all officials inside and outside were solemnly dedicated to their duties, and customs were changed." His character, talents, and achievements are quite similar to Tao Kan, and he once had a good impression of him. But not long after the scene started, Liu Yu saw that in order to eliminate dissidents, he killed the whole family of Diao Kui, who had contributed to the crusade against Huan Xuan, and the innocent Wang Yu and his son.

The article writes at great length about his infinite joy of leaving officialdom and imagining the infinite fun after returning to the countryside, which expresses the author's yearning and love for nature and secluded life. The article cleverly integrates narrative, discussion, and lyricism to create a vivid, natural, and fascinating artistic realm; the language is natural and simple, washed away from the lead, and has a strong local flavor. The rhymes include "Ode to Paintings on Fans", nine chapters of "Reading History", "Essays to Commemorate Cheng's Sister", "Essays to Commemorate Congdi Jingyuan", and "Essays to Commemorate Myself"; prose articles include "History of the Former Jin Dynasty's General in the Western Campaign" "The Biography of the Lord of Mengfu", also known as "The Farewell Biography of Meng Jia", is a biography written for his grandfather Meng Jia; in addition, there are "The Biography of Mr. Wuliu", "The Story of Peach Blossom Spring", "Yu Ziyan and others" and so on. In general, the number and achievements of Tao's inscriptions are not as good as those of Tao's poems.

Tao Yuanming's works are sincere, simple and natural, sometimes revealing the thoughts of Lao and Zhuang who escape reality and are optimistic about fate. He is known as the "Pastoral Poet".

Tao Yuanming was the most outstanding poet during the 800 years of Han, Wei, Southern and Northern Dynasties, as well as an outstanding lyricist and essayist. There are 125 Tao poems in existence today, including 9 four-character poems and 116 five-character poems. There are 12 Tao inscriptions in existence today, including 3 poems, 5 rhymes, and 4 prose.

Tao Yuanming used many of his poems to express his spiritual qualities of being poor and happy, and noble and proud. It makes people feel admiration.

Tao Yuanming’s famous quotes

1. My husband has ambitions all over the world, but I hope I will never grow old.

2. Wine can dispel all kinds of worries, and chrysanthemum can prevent aging.

3. Children and children are singing and dancing happily.

4. The yellow hair hangs down and the young man is happy.

5. There are many things that can happen in a lifetime, and they are as sudden as lightning.

6. When I receive all kinds of good things, I feel grateful for the journey of my life.

7. If you want to say nothing but make peace, wave your cup to persuade Gu Ying.

8. The graceful newly arrived swallows have entered our house in pairs. The first nest is still there, and the prime minister has returned to his old home.

9. The prime years will never come again, and the morning will never come again. Be encouraged in time, time waits for no one.

10. I feel hungry all the time in summer and have no sleep in cold nights.

11. We are brothers, so why should we be close by flesh and blood?

12. The sky is high and the scenery is clear.

13. Those who love reading do not ask for deep explanations; whenever they understand something, they happily forget to eat.

14. Xiao Ao Dongxuan, chatting about regaining this life.

15. The sun and the moon throw people away, and those who have ambitions will not achieve success.

16. After being in a cage for a long time, you can return to nature.

17. Good fortune does not come in vain, and misfortune does not come easily.

18. On the far-off New Autumn Eve, the moon is about to be full.

19. The trees are flourishing and the springs are beginning to trickle.

20. The boat floats lightly in the distance, and the wind flutters and blows the clothes.

21. Life must be in order, and food and clothing must be in order.

22. The male hair refers to the dangerous crown, and the fierce energy rushes into the long tassel.

23. At the foot of the southern mountain where beans are planted, there are few bean seedlings in the grass. I wake up in the morning to sort out the wasteland and filth, and return with a hoe in the moonlight. The road is narrow, the grass and trees are long, and the evening dew touches my clothes. It's not enough to regret the stain on your clothes, but your wishes are fulfilled.

24. Don’t compromise for five buckets of rice.

25. Look at the clouds and feel ashamed of the tall birds, and stand by the trees and feel ashamed of the swimming fish.

26. The heart is drunk without saying anything, and I will no longer receive a glass of wine.

27. Diligent study is like a seedling rising in spring. If you don’t see it growing, it will grow with each passing day.

28. When the pot is poured out, there is no more drain left, and when one peeks into the stove, there is no smoke.

29. The mountain air is getting better day by day, and the birds are returning.

30. Life must lead to death, and early death is not dictated by fate.

31. In the warm distant village, there is smoke in Yiyi Ruins, dogs bark in the deep alleys, and cocks crow on top of the mulberry trees.

32. What is the way to die? The body is supported by the same mountain.

33. Autumn chrysanthemums are beautiful, and the dew on them reveals their beauty.

34. There are many beautiful days in spring and autumn, so climb high and compose new poems.

35. There is no need to worry about the universe, but there are only a hundred lives. As time passes by, my temples have already turned white.

36. The name that comes after my death is like a floating smoke to me.

37. The wind is desolate at the end of the year, and the snow is passing through the sun. There is no sound in my ears, and my eyes are clear.

38. There is no vulgar charm, and nature loves hills and mountains.

39. Fragrant chrysanthemums bloom in the forest, and green pines crown the rocks. With this pure and beautiful appearance, Zhuo is the best under Shuang.

40. It is good to meditate on the garden, but it is good to leave the world.

41. Dropping out of school is like a sharpening stone. If you don’t see the damage, you will lose every day.

42. Feeling empty and full of nothing to think about. Get up in the morning and go back to sleep in the evening.

43. How long will it take to stay in Xingyu, I will not leave or stay.

44. The ring is blocked and cannot block the wind and sun; the short brown knot is worn, the basket and ladle are often empty, and it is like Yan.

45. There are no words to say when we meet, but there are many things to say.

46. If you look down at the universe, what will happen if you don’t feel happy?

47. Come back and come back, the fields and Shu will not return.

48. The tame bird misses the old forest, and the fish in the pond miss the old abyss.

49. Wealth and honor are not what I wish for, and I cannot hope for an imperial hometown.

50. The house is in a human environment, and there is no noise of carriages and horses. How can you do this? The mind is far away from itself.

51. The ambition is to travel far and wide, and the ambition is far away.

52. The Jingwei holds a tiny tree, and will fill the sea, punish the sky and dance with the relatives, and the strong will will last forever.

53. The garden is full of sunlight, and the gate is always closed although it is set up.

54. The clouds come out of Xiu without intention, and the birds know when they are tired of flying.

55. Leaning against the south window to express your pride, it is easy to rest your knees when looking at your appearance.

56. Don’t worry about poverty and lowliness, and don’t dwell on wealth.

57. Picking chrysanthemums under the eastern fence, you can see Nanshan leisurely.

58. I appreciate the wonderful article and analyze the doubts.

59. The land is flat and vast, with well-groomed houses. There are fertile fields, beautiful ponds, mulberry trees, and bamboos. There is traffic on every road, and chickens and dogs can hear each other.

60. Spring and Autumn fill the surrounding areas, there are many strange peaks in summer clouds, the moon shines brightly in autumn, and solitary pine trees appear in winter ridges.

61. Looking for traces of the past step by step, there is a special place to look for.

62. In the morning, I clean up the wasteland and filth, and return with a hoe in the moonlight.

63. The sun sets in the west, and the full moon rises from the east ridge.

64. Silkworms harvest filaments in spring, and the king’s tax is paid when ripe in autumn.

Tao Yuanming's short story

Li Bai has a poem called "Drinking with a Quiet Man in the Mountains", which goes like this:

The two drank together, the mountain flowers bloomed, and they drank together one cup at a time. One cup. I'm drunk and want to sleep, please go away. I want to bring Qin to you tomorrow morning.

I'm so drunk that I want to sleep, so I'll go away. This is a famous saying of Tao Yuanming, a big drunkard. Tao Yuanming was a drinker all his life. He liked to bring others to his house to drink. Once he got drunk first, he would say: "I'm so drunk that I want to sleep." Mian Qing can go. "It means I drank too much and am going to bed. Please help yourself."

When Tao Yuanming was twenty-nine years old, he once worked as a minor official in Jiangzhou to offer wine. Because the officialdom was dark at that time, Tao Yuanming could not stand it and decided to resign and go into seclusion. He has been living in seclusion since then, but Tao Yuanming can grow chrysanthemums, but his farming skills are not good. Coupled with good wine, he can't even eat when he is middle-aged. Forced to make a living, Tao Yuanming comes back again, and has successively served as a member of the Zhenjun Army, Peng Zeling and other positions. . When he was serving as Peng Zeling, he couldn't stand the behavior of the postal supervisor at that time, so he simply said, "How can I bow down to a country boy for five buckets of rice!" After that, he resigned angrily and went into seclusion, ending his official career and never came back. Pass. According to legend, Tao Yuanming lived in seclusion at the foot of Lushan Mountain after abandoning his official position. He farmed and entertained himself every day, working at sunrise and resting at sunset, plowing the land for food, and digging wells for drinking. Live a leisurely pastoral life. At this time, Tao Yuanming newly married his wife Zhai. Zhai was a good farmer and had good harvests every year. Therefore, Tao Yuanming had wine to drink. Whenever he had free time, he and a group of friends would go to the southern foot of Lushan Mountain two miles away. Drinking and having fun at the foot of Tiger Claw Cliff.

There is a stream named Xingquan at the foot of the cliff. In the stream lies a huge black-brown granite stone, about 3 meters high, 6 meters long and 4 meters wide. The stone surface is smooth and it is a natural large wine table. Tao Yuanming and his friends would sit here every time, drink wine, compose poems, and have fun together. He would get drunk every time he drank, and he would compose poems every time he was drunk. After he was drunk, he waved his hands and said to his companions: "I'm drunk and want to sleep, please go away!" After saying that, he fell asleep on the stone. Day after day, the center of this stone actually dented, leaving pillow marks. Therefore, this stone was named Drunken Stone. This story of Tao Yuanming is similar to the story of Marx stepping out of the library, but Marx may have sat in the same place in the library every time. Could it be that Tao Yuanming also sat in the same place on the stone every time? The most likely reason is that there were pillow marks on the stone. Tao Yuanming drank without a pillow, and would lie down and fall asleep whenever there was a pit. As time went on, the pit became deeper and deeper, and the stone was formed.

Tao Yuanming drank too much in his life, and he had nothing to do, but his five sons were all a little stupid. This may be the sequelae of Tao Yuanming’s drinking. His poem "Responsibility for Sons" is written like this:

His hair is white at the temples and his skin is no longer solid.

Although there are five boys, there is no paper and pen.

Ashu is already twenty-eight, so he is lazy and unmatched. .

A Xuan was interested in learning but did not love literature and art.

Yongduan was thirteen years old and did not know six and seven.

Tongzi was nine years old, but Looking for pears and chestnuts.

If the fate is like this, things will go into the cup.

It can be seen from the poem that Tao Yuanming's sons were not able to count at the age of thirteen, and the nine-year-old He only knew how to eat, but the old man didn't stop drinking quickly. He even said, "It's destiny, I'd better keep drinking." Alas, what a pity that a literary family was ruined by alcohol.