Xue Le and Guo Xue Classics of Zhidao D407

Li Lou's Mencius.

nine

original text

Mencius said, "A gentleman is different from others because of his intention. The meaning of a gentleman is benevolence, and its meaning is courtesy. Benevolent people love others, while courteous people respect others. Those who love others will always love others; People who respect others will always respect others. If someone is here and he defies me [1], then the gentleman will contradict himself: I will be unreasonable and rude, and this thing is ridiculous [2]? Its self-benevolence, self-courtesy, its deviance from [3] is also true, the gentleman will contradict himself: I will be unfaithful. Since loyalty, its disobedience is also justified. The gentleman said,' This is also stupid. So, choose [4] with the beast xi? Why is it so difficult for animals? Therefore, a gentleman has a lifelong worry, not once. But there are worries: shun, people also; Me too. Shun is the law of the world [6], which can be passed down to later generations. I'm not a countryman, but I can worry. What is there to worry about? Just like Shun. If a gentleman suffers, he dies. There is no benevolence and inaction, and there is no indecent assault. If you suffer once, a gentleman will not suffer. "

To annotate ...

[1] horizontal (hènɡ) inverse: outrageous.

[2] This thing: refers to the "rebellious" mentality mentioned above. Yi Xi: What should I do?

[3] From: Children's Jude. The word "you" in the following "I am a fellow villager" also means "you".

[4] Choice: Difference.

[5] Difficult: censure.

[6] Law: Model.

translate

Mencius said: "The reason why a gentleman is different from ordinary people lies in his heart. A gentleman takes benevolence as his heart and propriety as his heart. Benevolent people love others, while courteous people respect others. People who love others often love others; People who respect others often respect them. If someone is rude to me, then the gentleman will definitely reflect on himself: I must be heartless and rude, otherwise how could this happen to me? After self-reflection, I think I am a benevolent person. After self-reflection, I think I am polite, but the arrogant attitude still exists, so the gentleman will reflect: I must be unfaithful. After self-reflection, he thought he was loyal, but his arrogant attitude remained, so the gentleman said,' This is just an arrogant man. In that case, what is the difference between him and an animal? "Animals have nothing to blame," so a gentleman has troubles all his life, not for a while. As for worry, Shun is a person; I am alone, too. Shun has become a model for everyone in the world and will be immortal, but I am still an ordinary person, which is worrying. What should I do after worrying? Just like Shun. As for a gentleman's temporary suffering, there is no such thing. Don't do unkind things, don't do rude things. Even if there is a temporary worry, the gentleman will not be distressed by it. "

analyse

This article suggests that people respect and care for each other, and further emphasizes the importance of personal cultivation. When you encounter problems, you should know how to reflect on yourself. The reason is simple, the key is action. If everyone does this, many things will not be distressing and society will be stable.

give rise to

In daily life, always remind yourself:

Do I love someone else? Am I polite to others?

ten

original text

Gong said, "You and [1] are unfilial. Master accompanied him to swim, so he was very polite. How dare you ask? "

Mencius said: "there are five so-called unfilial people in the world: they are lazy in their four branches [2] and are unfilial regardless of their parents' support; Game [3] Good drinking, regardless of parental support, two unfilial; Good wealth is expensive, private [4] wife, regardless of parental support, three unfilial; From [5] the desire of eyes and ears, I thought that my parents were slaughtered and four were unfilial; Very brave, dangerous parents, five unfilial also. What happened to Zhang Zi? Husband and son, son and father are responsible for kindness and do not meet. A good duty is also a friend. Father and son are responsible for kindness, and thieves are grateful. Husband and wife, don't you want a husband and wife? In order to offend my father, don't get close to him and become a wife. Life has no support. Thinking that it is not a big sin is a chapter. "

? To annotate ...

[1] Across the country: the whole country.

[2] Four branches: limbs.

[3] Game: Gambling.

[4] Private: preference.

[5] From: the same as "vertical".

? translate

Gong said, "Everyone in the world says it is unfilial, but the master associates with him and treats him politely. Why are you doing this? "

Mencius said: "there are five kinds of unfilial in the secular world: those who are lazy and do not support their parents are unfilial;" Those who like drinking and gambling and are unwilling to support their parents are the second unfilial; Those who are greedy for money, prefer their wives and children and are unwilling to support their parents are the third unfilial; Indulge yourself and live up to your parents, which is the fourth unfilial; Being brave and aggressive, regardless of parents' safety, is five unfilial. Which of the five did puffed up commit? Puffed up father and son don't get along well because of their kindness and harshness. Criticizing good people and deeds is the way for friends to get along. If both father and son ask for good deeds, it will do great harm to their feelings. Puffed up, who doesn't want his parents and wife to be United and harmonious? Just because I offended my father and couldn't be together, I drove my wife and son away and never raised them. He thinks that if he doesn't do this, he will commit a bigger crime. This is madness! "

analyse

In this article, Mencius doesn't fully agree with puffed up, but he understands puffed up's difficulties. The world thinks that arrogance is unfilial, but Mencius disagrees. In his view, no matter how many people agree or disagree with things, they should go through their own considerations before reaching their own conclusions, rather than following others' advice.

give rise to

Don't use your eyes to know people, don't use your ears to understand others, and feel whether others are sincere with your heart.