It is necessary to offer this course in universities. I benefited a lot from the vivid narration and rich case analysis of university teachers. I think the basic principles of ethics should guide my present study and future work. This is the significance of learning this course!
The first is the principle of superiority; Health care should guarantee and promote the health, interests and welfare of patients. The favorable principle includes the negative obligation of "not hurting" (something that should not be done) and the positive obligation of "really helping" (something that should be done). "No harm" means not bringing physical and mental pain, injury, disease or even death to patients that could have been completely avoided. But it's not enough to cause harm. The doctor/nurse-patient relationship is not as strange as that between customers and salespeople. In this stranger relationship, both sides are mainly responsible. But the doctor/nurse-patient relationship is different. Because of the inequality between doctors and nurses in mastering medical/nursing knowledge, patients are in a fragile and dependent position, and medical staff have many positive obligations, that is, they should help patients treat or cure diseases, restore health, avoid premature death, alleviate or alleviate symptoms and alleviate pain. In short, saving lives is a positive obligation to patients.
Then respect the principle; Respect patients' autonomy, informed consent, confidentiality and privacy. A person with behavioral ability is a rational person. Personal problems, such as health, life, marriage, childbearing and choice of contraceptive methods, are all decided by the individual, and he is responsible for his own actions. Due to the social and cultural characteristics of our country, in many cases, patients and their families are closely linked. Medical decisions are often made through consultation among doctors, patients and their families, and the final decision makers are often patients and their families. On the other hand, for some diseases, the patient's treatment plan is often closely related to the patient's spouse and family, so such consultation is more important. In order to safeguard patients' interests and respect their autonomy, doctors are obliged to obtain their informed consent on relevant treatment plans. The implementation of informed consent is a process of communication, consultation and sometimes patient persuasion between doctors and patients (sometimes including patients' families). If this process is completed well, it can safeguard the interests of patients and respect their autonomy. At the same time, it is also beneficial for doctors to perform their duties and promote the relationship between doctors and patients. Medical staff have more opportunities to contact with patients' privacy. Privacy includes two aspects: one is the patient's body, and the other is the patient's confidential information. There are two aspects to protecting privacy. First of all, the doctor must get the patient's consent before he can examine the patient's body. If a female patient refuses to be examined by a male doctor, she should be replaced by a female doctor. At the same time, no one is allowed to be present except the necessary medical staff for the physical examination of the patient. A doctor should keep what he knows about the patient's physical condition confidential. Second, patients have some confidential information, which is often related to sex. When it comes to such personal privacy issues, doctors should also keep secrets for patients. Disrespect for privacy and disclosure of patients' body secrets or information will hurt patients and their families, and also damage the relationship between doctors and patients.
There is also the principle of fairness; Patients should be treated fairly, regardless of gender, age, skin color, race, physical condition, economic situation or status, and there can be no discrimination. Sun Simiao, a great physician in ancient times, said, "If someone comes to ask for help because of illness, you should not ask him whether he is rich or poor, old or young, beautiful or young, friend or friend, Chinese or foreign, foolish or wise, and all belong to the same class." .
Finally, the principle of mutual assistance; Everyone lives in the relationship with others. He must unite and help others, so that he can survive and develop, all members of society can live in harmony and society can develop steadily. We should take into account the interests of individuals, collectives and society, and the interests of this generation and the interests of the next generation or future generations. Especially the medical and health resources are limited. Even in the same ward, different medical staff and patients should take care of each other and help each other.