The Battle of Pengcheng between the two armies of Chu and Han was the first contest between Xiang Yu and Liu Bang, the main battlefield of the Chu-Han War, who personally commanded the army. In this war, Xiang Yu defeated Liu Bang's 56, troops with 3, chosen men, and the coach Liu Bang was almost captured by Xiang Yu, which constituted another miracle that China ancient war officials defeated a powerful army with an absolutely inferior army. The victory of Xiang Yu's army in Pengcheng is very important to change the strategic situation of Chu and Han armies. After the Han army captured Pengcheng, it has been in an extremely favorable strategic position. As long as it makes persistent efforts and actively seeks a decisive battle with Xiang Yu with a high degree of alert, it is possible to win even greater victories. However, it was neglected, which led to a fiasco. As a result, the Chu army gained great prestige and drove the Han army to the west of Xingyang, winning considerable initiative in the main battlefield. The most important factors of the Chu army's victory can be summarized as follows: great talent and courage in strategic guidance; Raiders surprise, an enemy accident; With elite cavalry as the main body, give full play to the specialty of cavalry's quick assault; Chu is powerful, and fighting in Chu's native land has the advantage of harmony and benefit. Zhang Liang's role in the battle of Pengcheng was actually to lure Xiang Yu into the strategic trap designed by him and Liu Bang in the early stage. It can be said that his role was obvious and positive, which convinced Xiang Yu. At this time, Han Xin continued to lead the army to besiege the Zhang Han army of the waste hills, and after Xiang Yu's army pushed their way to Xingyang area, Liu Bangjun could have been wiped out in one fell swoop. Han Xin's reinforcements arrived and fought back against the Chu army to win, thus preventing the Chu army from advancing and keeping the strategic town Xingyang. It can be said that his role is also obvious. As for Xiang Yu, it embodies his superb military ability and tactical innovation. From his foresight and bold layout before the war, to the confusing concealment and ostentatious effect of the surprise attack, to his outstanding battlefield command ability and correct tactical choice, it determines the inevitability of his great victory. How did Xiang Yu win the battle of Pengcheng?

Xiang Yu's dilemma and crazy strategy

As early as Liu Bangding's Third Qin Dynasty, Xiang Yu had a premonition that Liu Bang would move eastward, but at this time he led troops to attack Qi in his rear wing. As for Liu Bang's offensive, Xiang Yu sent Zheng Chang as the king of Korea and went to Korea to resist Liu Bang's eastward advance. Send Chen Pingping and Yin Wang to lay another layer of defense line here. Long Qie was sent to resist the Northern Route Army, and troops were sent to block the Southern Route Army from Yangxia. Except for the unclear history books of the South Road Army, all other roads failed. While Ying Bu, who had high hopes for Xiang Yu, took this opportunity to sit quietly. Liu Bangjun is mighty, and 56, troops occupied Chu land in a few months. At this point, Xiang Yu fell into an unprecedented crisis. 1, facing two fronts. Qi has not yet been pacified, and if he returns to save Chu, he will be attacked between Scylla and Charybdis. 2. Great disparity in strength. Liu bang's vassal Coalition forces numbered 56,, with an unprecedented scale. Xiang Yu's total strength is unknown at this time, but it must be far less than 56 thousand. 3, the rear fall, alone. At this time, Xiang Yu's land was completely lost, and he could only do it quickly without foundation. 4. Stay away from the battlefield and travel long distances. The enemy, on the other hand, used fortifications to resist the Chu army returning to Li. 5. Allies betrayed and the political environment fell into a state of extreme isolation. Faced with such a sinister political and military environment, Xiang Yu came out with a bold strategic plan: to continue to pacify Qi with the generals as a means to confuse Liu Bang. I personally led 3, elite soldiers to bypass the rear of Pengcheng, lured Liu Bang with Pengcheng as bait, and then attacked Liu Bang's rear and wiped out Liu Bangjun. Xiang Yu's battle plan came out, and everyone was stunned! This man is stupid, he not only wants to wipe out the other 56 thousand with 3 thousand, but also has to travel long distances and set up a sneak attack! This can be said to be a crazy plan that has never been seen before or since! In the battle of Pengcheng, because few researchers in the past dynasties set foot in Xiang Yu's whereabouts, everyone thought that after Liu Bang captured Pengcheng, he "received his treasure and beauty, and Kaya Hioki had a high wine party." Lighten the enemy. In fact, although Liu Bang got carried away, he didn't let his guard down. The advisers were all around, and there was no doubt. The key point is that Xiang Yu, before Liu Bang got off Pengcheng, had already returned to the west of Pengcheng, cut off his rear road, and suddenly appeared in the rear of Liu Bang's allied forces. Few people pay attention to this point, but it is the key to the victory of Pengcheng. Historical records of Xiang Yu recorded in this chapter: "In the spring, five princes and soldiers of Hanwang Department, with 56, men, invaded Chu in the east. When Xiang Wang heard of it, he ordered the generals to strike together, and he went out from Lu to Huling with 3 thousand chosen men. In April, Han Jun has entered Pengcheng, receiving his goods, treasures, beauties, and Kaya Hioki Wine Festival. A Wang Naixi from xiao, morning hit the han army in the east, to Peng Cheng ... "Here clearly stated the order of xiang yu's whereabouts. However, most people have adopted the biographical notes of the historical records of Gao Zu: "Although Xiang Yu has heard of Han Dong, he has joined forces and wants to break it and attack Han. Hanwang robbed five princes and soldiers, so he entered Pengcheng. When Xiang Yu heard of it, he led his troops to Qi, from Hu Ling in Lu to Xiao ... "Why is there a difference between the two? Here, we analyze that Xiang Yu's biography is in front of Gao Zu's biography, and his deeds are mainly Xiang Yu, and the order is detailed, which is also subject to this. However, the history of Gaozu was dominated by the Liu Bang incident, and Xiang Yu's deeds were only narrated. If you read this passage of Gaozu, you will find that Liu Bang's entry into Pengcheng emphasized causality, but did not describe Xiang Yu's whereabouts in detail, and Xiang Yu's biography has made it very clear, so there is no need to work hard. Looking closely at Xiang Yu's biographical records, we find that there is a keyword "Xiang Wang' Nai' followed Xiao from the west". From the word Nai, we can boldly speculate that Xiang Yu's 3, troops have reached the southwest of Pengcheng before Liu Bangjun has fully entered Pengcheng, waiting for Liu Bang to fully enter Pengcheng to give a fatal blow to Liu Bang's allied forces. And traveling long distances, detouring thousands of miles, cutting off the enemy's rear road, and taking the enemy by surprise did not find any clues, which is really unprecedented! Now Xiang Yu only has to wait patiently for the best opportunity to give a fatal knife, but Xiang Yu has prepared a secret weapon.

Xiang Yu left his troops in Qi to confuse Liu Bang, and used the mobility of cavalry to bypass Xiaoxian County in the southwest of Pengcheng. Waiting for all Liu Bang's armies to enter Pengcheng is chaotic, and the generals are busy deploying the north to establish defense, which is the best time for Liu Bang and other commanders to relax. Began to go out in the west and attack Pengcheng in the east. Xiang Yu chose to launch a sneak attack in the morning. Choose the morning to see Xiang Yu's great grasp of the opportunity. In the morning, when the enemy was still asleep and was at the most tired, he suddenly encountered a large-scale sneak attack, and his panic could be imagined! And you can use the morning to understand the enemy's situation and choose appropriate and effective tactics to destroy the enemy to the maximum. Many sneak attacks like to be put at night, which is beneficial to hide their whereabouts. But this time, Xiang Yu will not only cause enemy chaos, but also wipe out the enemy. Xiang Yu directly attacked Liu Bang's command center in the choice of tactics, causing the command system of Liu Bang's allied forces to be paralyzed! In this way, the allied forces cannot be organized ... > > Funny Battle of Pengcheng in which Xiang Yu defeated Liu Bang

In February of the first year of Hanwang, Liu Bang took advantage of Tian Rong to fight against Chu, and Xiang Yu sent troops to the Guanzhong of attack and capture (referring to the area west of Hanguguan). In April of two years, the Qi and Chu armies were glued to Chengyang, and the capital of Chu, Pengcheng, was empty. Liu Bang used Xiang Yu's killing of Chu Huaiwang as an excuse, and gathered 56, allied governors from all walks of life in Luoyang to attack Pengcheng by shunt. When Xiang Yu heard the news, the Ministry of Foreign Affairs will continue to attack Qi, and 3, elite soldiers will quickly go south from Lu (now Qufu, Shandong Province), and Hu Ling will occupy Xiaoxian County, cutting off the retreat of the allied forces, and then counterattack from west to east. The Chu army took advantage of Liu Bang's indulgence and neglected the opportunity of prevention. In the morning, it began to attack, and at noon, it broke the allied forces and squeezed Liu Bang's men into the land of Gushui and Swimming Water (located in the west of Xuzhou City, Jiangsu Province). The allied forces trampled on each other, and more than 1 thousand people were killed by the Chu army, and the rest retreated to the southwest mountains. The Chu army chased Suishui, which is located in Lingbi (now southwest of Suixi, Anhui), and then annihilated the allied forces. More than 1, Han troops forced into Suishui and besieged Liu Bang with the intention of being captured alive. The wind suddenly blew, flying sand and stones, and Liu Bang led dozens of riders to escape. In this battle, Liu Bang suffered serious setbacks, and the governors turned their backs on the Han Dynasty to Chu.

Xiang Yu and Liu bang are both from Pengcheng?

Suqian in Jiangsu today is Xiang Yu's hometown, which was called Xiaxiang at that time. Liu Bang was a native of Fengxian County in Jiangsu today, and was called Zhongyangli in Fengyi, Peijun County at that time. Label: Classic of Composition Previous: Poems about New Year's greetings Next: Learn famous sayings-Learn why Xiang Yu didn't kill Liu Bang after the Battle of Pengcheng.

It's not that Xiang Yu didn't want to kill Liu Bang, and there was a reason for not winning the battle.

In the Battle of Pengcheng, Xiang Yu cut off the return of the Han army, stormed Pengcheng to defeat the Han army, and Liu Bang fled north. At this time, Xiang Yu was in hot pursuit and was driven to the valley and swam, killing and injuring more than 1, Han troops.

Xiang Yu once again pushed the Han army into Suishui in the east of Lingbi, killing and injuring more than 1, people. When Liu bang was cornered, he relied on the big wind and sand to spoil the situation, and took advantage of the chaos to escape by dozens of rides.

This time, Liu Bang fled directly to Xingyang and Chenggao, so why didn't Xiang Yu pursue again this time and then capture Hanzhong?

first, Xiang Yu is short of troops. 3 thousand people chase, it is impossible not to lose. How much can 3 thousand people leave? This is cavalry, adapted to long-range combat. However, siege is not a strong event, and Xingyang has to attack hard and cannot attack.

second, it was strongly blocked. When Liu Bang fled for his life, he persuaded Qing Bu, the king of Jiujiang, to stop him. Let Xiang Yu delay time and strength.

thirdly, Liu bang has a solid rear. Even if Xiang Yu took 3 thousand, he might not be able to win Hanzhong. Liu Bang took a series of measures to consolidate the rear of Han Dynasty. Is the Battle of Suishui and the Battle of Pengcheng the same battle?

the battle of Suishui is the battle of Pengcheng, that is, in April 25 BC, Xiang Yu led 3, troops to attack and defeat the 56, allied troops of Liu Bang, and the cavalry fought independently and won a great victory.

In the spring (25 BC in the second year of Han Dynasty), five vassal soldiers of Hanwang (Liu Bang) hijacked Changshan, Henan, Korea, Wei, Yin and other five countries. When Xiang Wang heard of it, he ordered the princes to strike Qi (because Qi wanted to destroy Chu with Zhao Heli), and he left Huling (Yutai, Shandong) from Shandong with 3, chosen men.

In April, Han (Liu Bangjun) had already entered Pengcheng (now Xuzhou) to collect his treasures and beauties, and Kaya Hioki Wine Club. Xiang Wang Naixi (to the west, outflanking Peng Cheng) attacked the Han army from Xiao (now Xiaoxian) in the morning and went east to Peng Cheng. Japan and China (chasing the Han army in Xiaoxian County in the morning, and hitting Pengcheng at noon, it can be seen that Xiang Yu's army is marching at a rapid pace) greatly defeated the Han army, and all the Han troops left, followed by entering the valley and Surabaya (both in the northeast of Pengcheng), killing more than 1, Han soldiers. All the Chinese soldiers went south and took the mountain. (The Han army was cut in two by the Chu army, and the northern half was forced into the water, while the southern half wanted to consolidate itself according to the mountains. Therefore, the "mountains are all in the south", and the "mountains" are the mountains around Jiuding and Yugou in our county. Chu also pursued Lingbi (now the overlord city of Yinji Town in the north of Lingbi County) to the east of Suishui. The Han army was squeezed by Chu and killed more. More than 1, people died in the Han Dynasty, but the water didn't flow (because the body was stuffed and the water was blocked, so it couldn't flow smoothly), and three coins were surrounded by Hanwang (because of the bottle, three coins were surrounded, that is, three weeks were surrounded and three times were surrounded). So from the northwest, the strong wind broke the trees (cut off the trees), made a house (lifted the top of the hunger), raised sand and stones, and met the Chu army in the dark (although it was in the daytime, it was like night). The Chu army was in chaos and scattered badly, while Hanwang fled with dozens of riders (Liu Bang led 56, people to attack Chu, and there were only dozens of riders left after the First World War, which shows that Liu Bangzhi's soldiers have been lost).

—— (in Biography of Xiang Yu)

References: Records of the Historian Xiang Yu Biography recorded the battle of Pengcheng in Historical Records, saying that Xiang Yu was still fighting in Chengyang when Liu Bang entered Pengcheng. Where is this Chengyang today? 5 points

Hu Ji in Mudan District, Heze City, Shandong Province

Textual research: "Historical Justice" quoted "Kuodizhi" (edited by Wang Wei Lee Tae in the early Tang Dynasty) as saying: "Leize County, pu zhou, is located in Seoul Yang, 91 miles east of the state. Geographical Zhiyun Chengyang belongs to Jiyin county, ancient Bo country and Ji surname country. Historical records show that Zhou Wuwang was named Ji Di in Xi, and later moved to Chengyang, hence the name Chengyang. "

The ancient name of Leize County was in the 16th year of Emperor Kai of Sui Dynasty (596). According to Jin Shi Geography, in the second year of Zhenyuan (1154), Leize was reduced to a town. From then on, Leize County will no longer be established. Lei Ze, also known as Lei Xiaze, was first seen in Shangshu Yugong: "Lei Xia is Ze, harmony and ju will be the same." Geography says, "It is in the northwest of Chengyang County, Jiyin." "Kuozhizhi" said: "Leixiaze is in the northwest of Guowai, Leize County, pu zhou, and the water of Yong and Ju is in the northwest of Leize." Records of the Five Emperors says, "Shun Geng Li Shan, Yu Lei Ze." Chengyang County was established in the Han Dynasty, renamed Chengyang in the Jin Dynasty and Leize County in the Sui Dynasty. "

Leize County is located in Juancheng County, Shandong Province, and its land is in the old urban and rural areas. Leize County belonged to pu zhou in ancient times. The former site of Puxian County is in Pucheng Town, Fan County, Henan Province. The ancient Leize County is located between the old urban and rural areas and pu zhou. Today, it is researched in Huji area, Mudan District, Heze City. Leize County is the birthplace of Fuxi. How many people did Liu Bang use in the battle of Pengcheng to fight against Xiang Yu? What was the revelation?

Xiang Yu defeated Liu Bang65, men with 3, cavalry

Talking about the ancient wars in China, people are most interested in the classic war cases of winning more with less, such as the Battle of Julu, the Battle of Jingxing, the Battle of Kunyang, the Battle of Guandu, the Battle of Feishui and so on. Another classic war in Chu-Han period was often ignored by most people, resulting in few researchers. The reason is that only different people have different opinions. However, this war cannot be ignored, and it should have a place in the history of China war and even the history of the world war. It is the battle of Pengcheng that we are going to talk about today.

a background: Liu Bang conquered Chu

At the end of the Qin Dynasty, the program was extremely relaxed, and the heroes rose together. During this period, Xiang Yu conquered the world and dominated the princes with his great achievements in destroying Qin! Liu Bang, another protagonist of the Qin Dynasty, was sealed in the remote land of Bashu in Hanzhong. In the second year of Han Dynasty, Liu Bang resolutely sent troops to settle the Sanqin and cut Chu to the east because he was dissatisfied with Hanzhong. At this time, Xiang Yu's army was pacifying the Qi rebellion in the east, and the rear was empty. Liu Bang seized this opportunity and marched eastward, invincible along the way, and the soldiers pointed directly at Pengcheng, the capital of Xiang Yu. History records: "In the spring, the five princes and soldiers of Hanwang Department, with 56, men, invaded Chu in the east." Many people question the figure of 56,. In fact, this figure is credible. When Liu Bang was in Guanzhong, he unified 1, soldiers. After the rectification in Hanzhong, he took the local ethnic groups such as Ba people as the army, and later decided that Sanqin also took his soldiers. It can be doubled. At this time, Liu Bang "hijacked" five princes to attack Xiang Yu (which five princes? There has always been controversy, about Wei Wangbao, Yin Wangsimang, Henan Wangshenyang, Sai Wangwang and Zhai Wangwang, and Chen Yu Army is not on this road). At this time, Liu Bang and they nest moved eastward, and almost all his important generals and counselors arrived. After Peng Cheng's defeat, Xiao He's "sending the old and weak in Guanzhong to Xingyang" was a heavy loss.

There are many misunderstandings about Liu Bang's plan to attack Pengcheng in later generations. Here is a brief explanation of Liu Bang's plan to move eastward. In August of the Han and Yuan Dynasties, Liu Bang went out to Hanzhong to settle the Three Qin Dynasties. In March of the second year of Han Dynasty, Hanwang crossed from Linjin to the east. Liu Bang probably marched in three ways, with Liu Bang personally in charge of the Central Route Army, and Zhang Liang, Chen Ping, Han Xin, Lv Ze, Zhang Er, Lu Wan, Xia Houying and the five vassal armies, which went directly from Luoyang to the east and took Peng Cheng directly. The Northern Route Army led by Cao Can and Guanying joined the Chen Yu Army from Lianglu and attacked Pengcheng with the Middle Route Army. The South Route Army was drawn by Xue Ou and Wang Ling-jun (or Wang Ling-jun) from Guanzhong, leaving Wuguan and taking Nanyang, attacking Yangxia and attacking Pengcheng eastward.

at this time, Guanzhong is not stable, and Zhang Han and other forces are still fighting. Liu Bang left Xiao He to guard the Guanzhong, Zhou Bowei abandoned the mound, Fan Kuai Li Shang moved to all parts of the Guanzhong, and made Han Wangxin the king of Korea to pacify the land of Korea.

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