Whether in school or in society, everyone must have been exposed to handwritten newspapers. Handwritten newspapers have the function of broadening horizons and accumulating knowledge. Do you know what kind of handwritten newspapers are of educational significance? The following is the content of the handwritten newspaper describing the Analects of Confucius that I compiled for you. It is for reference only. I hope it can help you.

Stories from the Analects - Chapter 8

Zigong said: “The Master’s articles can be read and heard; the Master’s words about nature and the way of heaven cannot be read and heard. ”

Zigong said: We have all heard your articles. We rarely hear what the Master said about nature and the way of heaven.

Article: refers to the knowledge related to the ritual and music system, such as the history books of ritual and music. Sex: human nature. The Way of Heaven: The ancients believed that the laws of heaven and earth were valid, and believed that the system was formulated by ancestors by imitating the laws of operation between heaven and earth. Therefore, what is more essential than the ritual and music system is the way of heaven. It is indeed very difficult to understand the way of heaven. If you are interested, you can read Laozi's "Tao Te Ching", which talks mostly about the way of heaven.

The so-called "not available but heard" does not mean that Confucius did not talk about it or did not understand it, but that he seldom discussed it. Although it is rarely discussed, for example, the famous sentence "The great desire of men and women for food and drink exists", it is not only sex, but also the source of sex and the most basic human nature. However, it is not recorded in the "Analects of Confucius". By the Middle Ages in the West, It was only later that similar concepts were clearly proposed.

1. There are two chapters about human nature in "The Analects". The first chapter is in Ji's Chapter, as follows:

Confucius said: "A gentleman has three precepts: when he is young, When the blood Qi is not stable, the warning lies in the appearance; when the blood Qi is strong, the warning lies in the hair; when the blood Qi is weak, the warning lies in the hair."

Confucius said that as a gentleman, you should pay attention. Three points: When you are young and your blood is not stable, you should pay attention to the practice of sex and don't be addicted to it; when you reach the age when your blood is strong, you should be wary of being strong and courageous; when you are old and your blood has declined, you should be wary of greed.

As human nature, it is relatively easy to define it and form such a concept in the mind. What is difficult is to determine what exactly belongs to human nature. Only by accurately defining it can it have guiding significance. Only those human natures that are universal in ancient and modern times, both at home and abroad, and remain unchanged throughout the ages, are real human natures, such as the chapter above.

When I was young, it was difficult to control my sexual behavior. Confucius was once very angry with me for sleeping during the day. Why? In the past, there were no KTVs, no night markets, and basically no places for entertainment at night. You just If you want to visit the heaven and earth, it is difficult to find such a place, so everyone usually goes to bed early and rarely sleeps poorly. Of course, although there are few recreational activities, it is not impossible, such as banquets and nightlife between couples. Zaiwo always sleeps during the day, which may be related to too many activities at night, so Confucius asked him to exercise restraint in this regard.

The ancients respected human nature, not to abstain from abstinence and make people become ascetics, but to think that it should be appropriate and moderate. This is the meaning of caution.

If it is human nature, it is not only meaningful to the ancients, but also has reference significance for people today. This can be seen by looking at the surrounding situation. There was a case recently. It seems that a young man killed a Ninety-year-old woman.

Everything must have a moderation. Moderation does not mean that it should not be done, or that it should be rare, but it means that young people are in their infancy and are easy to be impulsive and uncontrolled, so be careful.

How many murders have been caused by the people around you for a collision, a word, a look? How much price have the impulsive young people paid for it?

The vitality has declined, and it is necessary to be careful. This point should be expressed differently to different people in different eras. I remember one time when I was a child, my mother told me sadly: Your grandma is old. I'm very surprised that grandma is very old. My mother said, that's not the case. It turns out that when I gave her money, she didn't want it. But these few times I gave it to her, she accepted it. When people get old, they like money.

My mother is very filial, especially to my grandma. When she said this, my mother shed tears. It seems that a few years after my mother finished telling me this sentence, my grandma passed away.

My mother's understanding shows that in the past, although not everyone may have read "The Analects" and could not summarize it as clearly as Confucius did, everyone understood these popular truths.

Regarding this, you can observe your surroundings and give them more material care when the elderly reach a certain age. Although they may not be able to use much, they like to have it. A kind of psychological comfort.

Of course, when Confucius said these words, he did not mean to popularize them like me. For example, in the sentence "When the blood is weak, it is necessary to avoid it." He mainly reminds the rulers to be careful not to be too greedy after reaching a certain age.

Regarding this point, those who are interested can read more history. Books such as "Spring and Autumn" and Yanzi Spring and Autumn often contain such records and discussions.

Confucius said: Nature is similar, habits are far apart.

This is another chapter of Confucius’s discussion of human nature, recorded in the Yang Huo chapter.

Confucius believed that the nature of people is almost the same innately, and it is the acquired education that makes people different. Some are good, some are bad, some are evil, and some are good. This is easy to understand. It can be easily understood by comparing the literacy of people from different families and countries.

During the Warring States Period, there were differences in the study of human nature. Mencius advocated that nature is inherently good, while Xunzi advocated that nature is inherently evil. So what did Confucius advocate?

Confucius believed that people are born with desires. , the behavior of seeking to satisfy these desires is normal behavior, it does not matter whether it is good or evil. However, if everyone satisfies their selfish desires without restriction, it will lead to people harming each other. Therefore, it is advocated to restrict it by etiquette and law, and people must keep their behaviors within the orbit permitted by etiquette and law. Good and evil are the distinctions between people's behaviors that come about only after social norms and standards such as moral laws and laws exist. Without standards of right and wrong, there is no such thing as good or evil.

Confucius’s thoughts are different from those of Xunzi and Mencius. If we have to say which one is closer to him, Xunzi’s views are closer to Confucius’s thoughts. What Confucius calls the human nature of human beings, In Xunzi's eyes, it is the inherent bad nature of human beings.

2. The Analects of Confucius also has a chapter related to the way of heaven, but it is not written directly from the heart, as follows:

Confucius said: "I have no words to express my desire." Zigong said: "If you don't speak, what can I say?" Zhizi said, "What can Heaven say? How can the four seasons move and all things come into being? What can Heaven say?" (Yang Huo Chapter)

Confucius said: I I don’t want to say anything more. Zigong said: Master, if you don't talk anymore, what should we learn? Confucius said: Did heaven say anything? The four seasons rotate, and all things come and go. Did Heaven say anything?

Many people think that Confucius seemed to be grumbling and feeling tired in this chapter. Maybe it’s because of this. Talking about the same thing for months and years is a very hard job, so it’s normal to feel a little emotional. When I read this chapter, I suddenly wanted to pay tribute to the teachers who taught me. They repeated those boring things day after day.

However, Confucius’s words of “Heaven can say nothing” may not only be expressing emotion, but while expressing emotion, he also told Zigong one thing: all knowledge is by your side.

Behind the movement of the four seasons and the birth and death of all things is the way of heaven. The so-called way of heaven, people now also call it the law of nature. The ancients believed that there is a power controlling this law in the dark, and in their hearts , and heaven is the highest, so it is called the way of heaven.

What Confucius said to Zigong, Zhuangzi once expressed it in a not very elegant way: The Tao is drowned in shit.

The spirit of the ritual and music system can be perceived from the past history (reviewing the past to learn the new), reasoning with the method of loyalty and forgiveness, comparing it with natural phenomena (the way of heaven), and coming from oneself. Experience (being able to draw examples from close by can be said to be the way of benevolence), what the teacher can give is only a direction, and more needs to be done by oneself.

Regarding this point, Yan Hui’s story seems to support it. When the teacher told him, he listened carefully and rarely refuted. After returning home, he would experience and study. Not only could he draw inferences from one instance, but he could also learn from what he heard. 10. He became the most outstanding person recognized by teachers and classmates among the Confucian sect. Even Confucius sighed: "What a pity! I have seen its progress but not its end!" (Zihan Chapter) < /p>

Everyone is listening to the teacher, why did Yan Hui get more than others? This is worth pondering. Trying to find the answer through various methods on your own will gain you more than waiting for the teacher’s conclusion. many.

"The Master's words about nature and the way of heaven cannot be heard but not heard." It's not that the Master didn't say it, but that he had to understand it after he said it. This sentence probably also has this meaning.

Famous Quotes from the Analects of Confucius

1. A gentleman does not use words to promote others, nor does he use people to waste words. (A gentleman does not recommend a person based on what he says, nor does he refuse to accept a person's good words because he is not good.)

2. A scholar who aspires to the Tao, but is ashamed of those who wear bad clothes and eat badly, will not It's enough to discuss. (A scholar is determined to learn and practice the teachings of the saints, but is ashamed of himself for not being well fed and clothed. It is not worth talking to him about the Tao.)

3. People But if you don’t have faith, you don’t know what’s possible. (It is impossible for a person not to be trustworthy.)

4. If you are so angry that you forget to eat, and you are happy and forget your worries, you don’t know that old age is coming. (I work so hard that I even forget to eat. I am so happy that I forget all my worries. I don’t even know that I am getting old. That’s all.)

5. A gentleman seeks for himself, while a villain seeks for others. people. (A gentleman seeks it from himself, while a villain seeks it from others.)

6. A gentleman seeks righteousness, while a villain seeks benefit. (A gentleman understands great justice, while a villain only knows small profits.)

7. Do your duty and do not give in to the teacher. (In the face of benevolence, even teachers are not the same as he is humble.)

8. A gentleman has nothing to eat and nothing to live in. If he is sensitive to things and cautious in speaking, he will be righteous and righteous. , can be said to be eager to learn. (Confucius said: "A gentleman does not seek satiety in food, nor comfort in residence. He is diligent and agile in his work, but careful and careful in his speech. He goes to the wise people to correct himself. This can be said to be eager to learn."

9. A gentleman is magnanimous, and a villain is always worried. (A gentleman is broad-minded, but a villain is often sad.)

10. A gentleman uses his writing to make friends, and his friends to support his kindness. Come and make friends, rely on friends to help you cultivate your own virtue)

11. Eat sparingly and drink water, bend your arms and rest on it, and enjoy it. Unrighteousness and wealth are like floating clouds to me. (Eating whole grains, drinking plain water, and using your arms as pillows is all the fun. Wealth gained through unfair means is like floating clouds in the sky to me.)

< p> 12. The beauty of a gentleman is not the evil of a villain. (A gentleman fulfills the good deeds of others and does not promote the evil of others. The villain is the opposite.)

13. Etiquette. , It is better to be frugal than to be extravagant; it is better to be sad than to be easy in mourning. 14. The army can take away its commander, but a man cannot take away his ambition. (A country’s army can take away its commander, but a man’s ambition cannot be forced to change.)

15. A gentleman. Serving the foundation and establishing the foundation will lead to the development of Tao. (When a gentleman concentrates on fundamental affairs, the fundamentals are established, and the principles of governing a country and being a human being are established.)

16. Small impatience can mess up big plans. . (Smooth words will destroy a person's virtue, and failure to tolerate small things will destroy big things.)

17. If quality is better than literature, then history will be better. In terms of literary talent, he is like a countryman who is vulgar: if he is more literary than simple, he is hypocritical and exaggerated. Only when simplicity and literary talent are matched properly can he be a gentleman.)

18. A man who knows will not be confused. The benevolent do not worry, the brave do not fear.

19. If you hear the Tao in the morning, you will be willing to die in the evening. Don’t be afraid of not having an official position, that’s why you need to be established; don’t be afraid of not knowing yourself, just seek to know what you can do. There are people who are worthy of being known to others.)

21. Is benevolence so far away? (Confucius said: “Is benevolence far away from me? Thinking of benevolence, benevolence comes.)

22. A gentleman wants to be slow in words but quick in deeds. (A gentleman should be cautious in his words and quick in his actions.)

23. If a worker wants to do his job well, he must first sharpen his tools. (If a worker wants to do a good job, he must first make his tools sharp.)

24. A gentleman is not careful, and a villain is not careful.

(A gentleman is gregarious and does not collude with others; a villain is gregarious and does not collude with others.)

25. Zigong said: "How is it to be poor without flattery, or to be rich without arrogance?" Confucius said: " Yes. It is better to be poor than to be happy, or to be rich and courteous." (Zigong said: "How about being poor but not being flattery, and being rich but not being arrogant?" Confucius said: "This is enough. . But it is not as good as a person who is willing to teach even though he is poor, and a person who is polite even though he is rich.")

26. It is easy to be poor but not arrogant. (It is difficult to be poor without resentment, but it is easy to be rich without pride.)

27. If you are not angry, you will not be angry, and if you are not angry, you will not be angry. If you take one corner and don't turn it back with three, it won't happen again. (When teaching a student, don’t enlighten him until he wants to understand it but can’t; don’t enlighten him until he wants to figure it out but can’t express it. Teach him something, but he can’t learn from it. If you know the other three aspects, you won’t teach him anymore.)

28. Harmony is the most important thing in the function of etiquette. (The application of etiquette values ??harmony.)

29. People who have no long-term worries must have immediate worries. (People who do not have long-term research must have immediate worries.)

30. Virtue is not alone, it must have neighbors. (A moral person will not be isolated. There must be people with the same ideas to get along with him.)

　31. A man with lofty ideals and a benevolent person will not harm his benevolence by seeking life, but will kill himself to achieve benevolence. (People with lofty ideals and benevolence will not harm their benevolence by being greedy for life and afraid of death. They can only sacrifice their own lives to fulfill their benevolence.)

32. Don’t worry about what others don’t know, and when you worry, you don’t know what others are. (I’m not afraid that others don’t understand me, I’m just afraid that I don’t understand others.)

33. A benevolent person will establish others if he wants to establish himself, and he will achieve others if he wants to achieve himself. (As for a benevolent person, if you want to stand up for yourself, you must also help others stand together; if you want to live well for yourself, you must also help others live well together.)

　34. Meet the wise If you think about everything, you will introspect yourself when you see someone who is not virtuous. (When you see a wise person, you should learn to emulate him; when you see an unworthy person, you should reflect on yourself to see if you have made similar mistakes to him).

35. Gentlemen are harmonious but not identical; villains are harmonious but not harmonious. (A gentleman pursues harmony but not conformity; a villain only pursues complete agreement but not coordination.)

36. When I am fifteen, I am determined to learn and establish myself. At forty, I am not confused. At ten, one knows the destiny; at sixty, one's ears are attuned; at seventy, one follows the heart's desires without exceeding the rules. (I am determined to study at the age of fifteen; I can stand on my own feet at the age of forty; I can not be confused by external things at the age of forty; I understand the destiny at the age of fifty; I can treat all kinds of opinions correctly without feeling uncomfortable at the age of sixty; I can be independent at the age of seventy. Do as you please without going beyond the rules)

37. The future generations are to be feared, how can we know that those who come are not as good as they are now? (Young people are worthy of awe. How do you know that the next generation is not as good as the previous one?)

38. Everyone has his own faults. After observing it, I know benevolence. (People's mistakes are always of the same nature as the mistakes made by people in his group. Therefore, if you examine the mistakes a person makes, you can know that he has no kindness.)

　39. Those who know are not as good as those who are good at it, and those who are good at it are not as good as those who are happy. (Those who understand it are not as good as those who love it; those who love it are not as good as those who take pleasure in it.)

40. A gentleman is knowledgeable in literature and can treat others with courtesy. Ye Husband. (A gentleman who extensively studies ancient cultural classics and restrains himself with etiquette can not deviate from the Taoism.)

41. A wise man enjoys water, a benevolent man enjoys mountains; a wise man is active, a benevolent man is quiet; knowing Those who are happy are happy, and those who are benevolent live long. (Smart people love water, and virtuous people love mountains; smart people are active, and virtuous people are quiet. Smart people are happy, and virtuous people live long.)

42. Knowing something is knowing it, and not knowing it is not knowing. It is knowledge. (If you know, you know, if you don’t know, you don’t know. This is wisdom!)

43. If your body is upright, you will not do what you are told; if your body is not upright, you will not follow orders. (If you are righteous, the people will do it even if you don’t issue orders. If you are not righteous, even if you issue orders, the people will not obey.)

44. The Master said on the river: "The deceased is like a husband. , Never give up day and night." (Confucius said by the river: "The passing time is like this river, flowing forward regardless of day and night.")

45. Ask questions about what you can't do. If you ask too many questions, you will see if there is nothing, and if it is true, it will be false; if you make mistakes, you will not correct them.

(I have talent but I ask for advice from those who have no talent. I have a lot of knowledge but I ask for advice from those who have little knowledge. I am knowledgeable but feel like I have no knowledge. I have abundant knowledge but it seems empty. I don’t care about being violated by others.)

46. Benevolence is beauty. How can you know if you choose not to be benevolent? It is good to live with virtuous people. (If the place you choose to live is not with virtuous people, how can you be said to be wise?)

47. Zigong said: "The mistakes of a gentleman are like the eclipses of the sun and the moon. Yan. If you make mistakes, everyone will see them; if you make mistakes, everyone will respect them.

48. If you use etiquette to restrain yourself, there will be fewer people who make mistakes. )

49. When the year is cold, you will know that the pines and cypresses will eventually wither. There is no evil. (If you are determined to be benevolent, you will not do bad things.)