His life was1818165438+10. He was born in an aristocratic family in Oreal province on September 9th and died in Paris on September 3rd, 883. My father is a retired officer and my mother is a violent and willful landlord. I spent my childhood and adolescence in Spask Farm. 1827 moved to Moscow with his family. 1833 entered the Chinese Department of Moscow University, transferred to the Chinese Department of Philosophy Department of St. Petersburg University the following year, and graduated from 1837. 1838 Go abroad to study philosophy and classical Chinese at Berlin University. 184 1 year returned to China and worked in the Ministry of Internal Affairs. At the end of 1842, he met belinsky, and they forged a profound friendship, which had a profound impact on his life and literary career. At the beginning of 1847, he wrote several close-ups which were later included in the Hunter's Notes. 1moved to Paris in February, 848 and witnessed the bloody suppression of the workers' uprising by the bourgeoisie. He was very angry. 1850 Return to China. Nikolai Nikolai Gogol died in 1852. He published a mourning article, and the czar authorities detained him for one month for "violating censorship regulations". During his detention, he wrote the short story "Jiang Mumu" to protest against serfdom to express his will to persist in the struggle. Subsequently, he was deported to his hometown and continued to be under the supervision of the police. He was only allowed to return to Petersburg at the end of 1853.
Turgenev began to write for modern people from 1847, and maintained close cooperation with him in the 1950s. Later, he left Modern People magazine because there were serious differences between his liberal views and the revolutionary democratic views of Chernyshevski, director of the magazine.
1863 and then lived in baden-baden. 1872 moved to Paris in February. In Paris, he kept close contacts with French writers such as Flaubert and Zola, and did a lot of work in publicizing and introducing Russian literary achievements to Western Europe. At the same time, he also made friends with Russian populists Lavrov and Krupotkin living abroad, and funded their publication "Forward". After his death in Paris, his body was transported back to China and buried in volkov Cemetery in Petersburg.
Turgenev's creative career began in college. 1834, he wrote his first poetic drama "stino", which has distinct romantic characteristics. The narrative poem balasa published by 1843 marks his transition from romanticism to realism. Belinsky saw the author's "unique talent" from this poem. Then he gradually turned to prose creation. The first prose work is the novella Andre Kolosov. Then he published the narrative poem The Landlord and the novella Bitu Skov, all of which showed the influence of naturalism and Nikolai Nikolai Gogol. He also wrote many plays, including Dinner, Banquet of the Noble, The Bachelor and so on. , mainly reflects the life and customs of the nobility. Novellas published in the early 1950s, such as Diary of a Redundant Man and Yakov Pa Sinkov. The play "January Village" reflects the contradiction between ordinary intellectuals and nobles for the first time.
What brought Turgenev great fame was his Hunter's Notes, which consisted of 22 close-ups and short stories. This book has a unified theme, that is, exposing and protesting feudal serfdom. Many written characters can be divided into two diametrically opposite categories: one is the peasant image described by the author from the perspective of "no one has ever been so close", and the other is the landlord image described by the author from the perspective of hatred. The different attitudes and evaluations of the two types of characters clearly show the author's ideological tendency of humanitarianism and democracy. The poetic description of nature and lyrical narrative style in the works increase its artistic charm.
From the mid-1950s to the end of 1970s, this writer published six novels, which became the artistic chronicle of Russian social life from the 1940s to the 1970s.
Luoting is about the role of aristocratic intellectuals. Luo Ting, the hero, is an "unnecessary person" in life. The Noble House is also a novel about "redundant people". The protagonist Ralph Lenski finally resigned from the battlefield of life, which indicates the end of the historical role of aristocratic intellectuals. The Night Before is the first novel in which the writer turns to a "new person", an ordinary intellectual. Yelena, the heroine, pursues freedom and liberates a new female image. Father and Son focuses on Russia's own "newcomers". Father refers to the older generation of nobles, and "son" refers to the new generation of civilian intellectuals. The novel profoundly reveals the contradictions and conflicts between these two generations. Smoke reflects the nominal reform of serfdom. Virgin Land directly reflects the social movement of "going to the people" initiated by populists in 1970s. The author evaluates this movement from the angle of his own gradualism, and places his hopes on the reformist Salome.
Turgenev's works include novellas such as Faust, Summer, First Love, Spring Tide and later prose poems.
Turgenev is a world-renowned Russian realistic artist in the19th century. His novels not only reflected the social reality of Russia at that time quickly and timely, but also were good at creating many vivid characters through vivid plots, appropriate words and deeds and descriptions of natural scenes. His language is concise, simple, accurate and beautiful, which has made important contributions to the standardization of Russian language. China began to translate and introduce Turgenev's novels as early as 19 17. Now almost all his major works have been translated into Chinese, and some famous works have many translations.