1.C
2. Mencius put forward the standard of "gentleman".
(1) We should act on "benevolence", "courtesy" and "righteousness";
(2) Don't change your pursuit because of the change of status (conditions). This is called a gentleman.
1.c (there is no meaning in the article that "it is far from the condition of' gentleman'");
2. Mencius put forward the standard of "gentleman" (pay attention to the article)
(1) We should act on "benevolence", "courtesy" and "righteousness"
(2) Don't change your pursuit because of the change of status (conditions). This is called a gentleman.
translate
Jingchun said, "Aren't Gongsun Yan and Zhang Yi real men? When they were angry, the princes were afraid. When they live in their homes, the world will be peaceful. " Mencius said, "How can this be regarded as a gentleman? Haven't you learned manners? When the man was crowned, his father punished him; When the woman got married, her mother instructed her to walk her to the door and warned her:' When you arrive at your home, you must be respectful, be careful and don't disobey your husband!' It is an excellent principle for a woman's family to regard obedience as talk capital. (Gongsun Yan and Yi Cheung actually like women in front of governors! Living in the widest house in the world, standing in the most correct position in the world and walking on the widest road in the world; When we can realize our ideals, we will follow this correct path with the people; When you can't realize your ideal, you walk alone on this right path. When you are rich, you can't confuse his thoughts. When you are poor, you can't change his ethics. When you are strong, you should not conquer the will of others. This is called a gentleman. "
Read the following classical Chinese and answer Jing Chunyue's question ①: "Are Gongsun Yan and Zhang Yi sincere men?"
Small problems: ① Adult men are crowned and their fathers discipline them. (2) Wealth cannot confuse his thoughts, and poverty cannot change his moral integrity. Power cannot bend his will, so he is called a gentleman.
Small problem: a gentleman should have the backbone of "wealth can't be lewd, poverty can't be moved, and power can't be bent", and he should stick to benevolence, righteousness and propriety (or people should stick to benevolence, righteousness and propriety)
Small problem: look at the translation.
Small problem: nothing.
Reference translation
When the man was crowned, his father punished him; When the woman got married, her mother instructed her to walk her to the door and warned her:' When you come to your husband's house, you must be respectful and careful, and don't be against your husband!' Taking obedience as talk capital is a principle that women's families should follow, an excellent principle. (Gongsun Yan and Yi Cheung actually like women in front of governors! Live in the widest house in the world, stand in the most correct position in the world and walk on the widest road in the world. When we can realize our ideals, we will follow this correct path with the people; When you can't realize your ideal, you walk alone on this right path. Wealth cannot confuse his thoughts, poverty cannot change his moral integrity, and power cannot bend his will. This is called a gentleman. "
3. Read the following classical Chinese and answer the questions as required.
Small problem:
C
Small problem:
C
Small problem:
Mencius did not object to the obedience of courtiers to kings, but the principle of obedience was based on justice. So Mencius opposed absolute obedience to the king. )
Small problem:
"At the coronation ceremony, I was not afraid of threats and disobedience.
Incentives ... "Wrong. The original text says: the husband (an ancient man) should be taught by his father to crown. )
translate
Jingchun said, "Aren't Gongsun Yan and Zhang Yi real men? When angry, the princes will be afraid; Quiet down and the world will be safe. "
Mencius said, "How can this be called a gentleman?" Haven't you learned manners? When the man was crowned, his father gave discipline; When a woman gets married, her mother gives her instructions and sends her away.
Go to the door and warn her:' When you get to your husband's house, you must be respectful. "Be careful not to go against your husband!" Obedience is the principle of being a concubine. As for a gentleman, you should
You should live in the widest house in the world, stand in the most correct position in the world and walk on the brightest road in the world. When you succeed, you will advance with the people; When you are frustrated, you stick to your principles alone. Wealth can't make me arrogant and extravagant, poverty can't make me change my moral integrity, and power can't make me succumb to my will. This is called a gentleman! "
reading comprehension
Jing Chun thinks that Gongsun Yan and Zhang Yi can influence governors and provoke wars between countries. "When a warlord is angry, he fears it, and the world dies." He is a great man.
Mencius believed that Gongsun Yan and Zhang Yizhi climbed up by shaking their lips and obeying the wishes of the governors, and there was no principle of benevolence, righteousness and morality. So they are just villains and women who follow the principle of "entrusting women". How can they be called courageous men?
Mencius' statement is implicit and humorous, only by saying "courtesy" to explain the mother's instructions when a woman gets married, thus drawing the conclusion that "those who take obedience as the right path are also concubines". What deserves our attention here is that the ancients thought that a wife's way was like a minister's way. Of course, I should obey you, but the principle of obedience is justice. If you are unfair, I will protest. The same is true of a wife to her husband. Of course, a wife should obey her husband, but if he has, he should be advised to correct it. In short, it should be "harmony but difference". Only eunuchs, little wives, little maids, don't ask right and wrong, blindly obey the principle. Actually, there is no principle.
It can be seen that "the way of concubines" can not be generally understood as the way of women, but actually the way of little wives.
Mencius' satire was profound and sharp, and he hated Gongsun Yan and Zhang Yi.
Regrettably, although Mencius hated this "obedience is the right way", such "concubines" have emerged continuously for more than two thousand years. Today, monogamy has been protected by law, "concubine" is hard to exist, but the theory of "concubine" may not exist, or even be popular. What should we do?
Mencius' method is to put forward the real way of being a man in a tit-for-tat manner. This is his famous saying, which has been passed down through the ages: "Wealth cannot be lewd, poverty cannot be moved, and power cannot be bent." How? Then you have to "live in the world, stand in the right position in the world and be the best in the world." Or go back to the benevolence, righteousness, propriety and wisdom that Confucianism has always advocated. After doing this, we will adopt the attitude of "conforming to the people's heart, not using it for us", that is, Confucius said "doing what it uses, hiding what it abandons" (The Analects of Confucius) or Mencius said in another place that "poverty is the only way to help the world." ("wholeheartedly" then you can become a real gentleman.
Every sentence of Mencius' famous saying about "gentleman" shines with the brilliance of thought and people. Historically, it has inspired many people with lofty ideals and become their motto of not being afraid of violence and upholding justice.
Until today, when we read this book, it seems that we can still hear his golden voice.
4. Read the excerpts from Mencius and answer the questions.
(6 points) (1)C (There is a mistake in the understanding of "positive position in the world", and "positive position" cannot be understood as "high position". )
(2) (1) Different people have different opinions. (2) He who is benevolent when enlightened is immune to embarrassment.
Don't change your pursuit because of external factors (wealth, poverty, power). (3 points, each point 1 minute. )
Jingchun said, "Aren't Gongsun Yan and Zhang Yi real men? When they were angry, the princes were afraid. When they live in their homes, the world will be peaceful. " Mencius said, "How can this be regarded as a gentleman? Haven't you learned manners? When the man was crowned, his father punished him; When a woman got married, her mother instructed her to walk her to the door, warning her:' When you get to your husband's house, you must be respectful and careful, and don't go against your husband!' It is an excellent principle for a woman's family to regard obedience as talk capital.
Living in the widest house in the world, standing in the most correct position in the world and walking on the widest road in the world; When we can realize our ideals, we will follow this correct path with the people; When you can't realize your ideal, you walk alone on this right path. Wealth can't confuse his thoughts, poverty can't change his ethics, and power can't subdue his will. This is called a gentleman. "
.
5. Hao Jingchun Biography Reading Answers in Classical Chinese
Reference translation:
Hao Jingchun, also known as Herman, is from Jiangdu. After passing the provincial examination, he was given instructions from Yancheng and was dismissed from his post and returned to his hometown because of his mistakes. He was appointed as the supervisor of manjuji, Ma Yuan, Shaanxi Province, and later transferred to Huangzhou, Zhao Mo, as the agent of Huang An County. Just three days after his arrival, the peasant rebels suddenly attacked the city. Jingchun and others held on for eight days and eight nights, and the rebels retreated.
In the eleventh year of Chongzhen (1638), he was promoted to the magistrate of Fangxian County. Luo Rucai, the leader of the peasant uprising army, led the ninth battalion to ask Xiong Wencan to surrender. Wencan agreed to surrender, and you hesitated again. Jingchun came to the rebel barracks alone to persuade him, and formed an alliance with Confucian scholars and their companions Bai Gui and Hei Yunxiang. You just surrendered to Wen Shenjun, and all his battalions are stationed in Zhuxi Valley, Baokang, and you, Gui and Yun Xiang are stationed in the suburbs of Fangxian County. At that time, the walls of Yunyang counties were destroyed, and only Fangxian relied on Jingchun to appease them, which was generally defensible. However, during this period, residents are restless day and night. Jing Chun, Zhu Bangwen, the chief bookkeeper, and Yang Daoxuan, the garrison, were repairing fortifications while living in harmony with the rebel battalions.
In the 12th year of Chongzhen (1639), in May, Zhang Qibing attacked the Ming Dynasty and Gucheng, asking you to act together. Jing Chunzi and Hao Mingluan are still students and have the courage to be defeated by ten thousand people. He said to his father, "Fangxian County is the enemy's target, with only 200 tired and thin soldiers. How can the city hold? " He put on his armor and came to you, saying, "Didn't you read the oath you swore to my father when you burned incense?"? I hope you will be careful not to get into trouble with Zhang. "You made a false promise. Ming Luan knew that your promise was insincere. He and Dao Xuan came back to defend the city, and the striker sent by Zhong Xian had arrived at the door. Ming Luan and other rebel generals went to Tianlong and sent envoys to Xiong Wencan for help. They have been there fourteen times, but they haven't seen Wen Can.
Soon, the rebel brigade went to Fangxian County to offer loyal soldiers to play the white flag, while the talented team played the red flag. Suddenly the two armies met and besieged each other. Rebel generals Bai Gui and Black Yun Xiang shouted to the city: "Give our city and make sure nothing happens." Dedication made Zhang Dajing surrender. Jingchun cursed, reprimanded, defended and fought for five days and five nights in the city. The rebels suffered heavy losses. Zhong Xian's left foot was injured, and his beloved steed was also killed. Zhang Sanxi, the garrison commander, opened the north gate to let you into the city. The city was breached and Daoxuan died in street fighting. Dajing advised you to persuade Jingchun to surrender, but Jingchun refused. When he asked him where the treasure was, Jingchun snapped, "If there is treasure in the vault, you can't break the city!" The rebels killed a Canon of History and a garrison to intimidate him, but Jing Chun never gave in and was killed with his son Ming Luan. His servants Chen Yi and Zhu Bangwen are both dead. Hearing this, the imperial court granted Jing Chun the protection of Shao Qing, built a shrine for worship, and later gave Shao Qing in Taibu Temple.
6. Full translation of Wealth Can't Prostitute
Jing Chun said, "Aren't Gongsun Yan and Zhang Yi really successful men with ambitions? When they were angry, the princes were afraid. When they are quiet, the world will be peaceful. "
Mencius said, "How can this be regarded as an ambitious and accomplished person?" Haven't you learned manners? When the man was crowned, his father punished him; When a woman gets married, her mother exhorts her and walks her to the door, warning her:' When you get to your husband's house, you must be respectful and careful, and don't disobey your husband!' Obedience is a woman's way. (Gongsun Yan and Yi Cheung actually like women in front of governors! Living in the widest house in the world, standing in the most correct position in the world and walking on the widest road in the world; When you can realize your ideals, follow the people on the right path; When you can't realize your ideal, you can go your own way alone.
Wealth cannot confuse his thoughts, poverty cannot shake his integrity, and power cannot bend his will. This is an ambitious and accomplished man. "Extended data:
According to the old saying, obscenity should be interpreted as "excessive", that is, wealth and power cannot make their speech and behavior excessive and beyond common sense; Another solution is "confusion", that is, not being confused by wealth and power, Ming Dow is righteous and upright; If "lewdness" is interpreted as "lewdness" and "debauchery", it is modern commerce. Strictly speaking, it deviates from the original intention.
The classical Chinese "riches and honour can't be lewd" and "Born in sorrow and died in happiness" were selected into the second chapter of Unit 6 of the eighth grade Chinese textbook (PEP) on 20 17. The source of the allusion: "Mencius Teng Wengong": "Wealth cannot be lewd, poverty cannot be moved, and power cannot be bent. This is called a gentleman. "
Jingchun said, "Aren't Gongsun Yan and Zhang Yi loyal men? Anger is the fear of the princes, and peace is the destruction of the world. " Mencius said, "A gentleman is a gentleman. Haven't you learned manners? The husband's crown is also the father's life; When the woman got married, she was sent to the door by her mother, and was warned:' When you go to your daughter's house, you must be respectful and restrained, without violating your master's intention!' He who takes obedience as the right path is also a concubine.
Live in a vast place in the world, stand in the right position in the world and be the best self in the world. Success, with the people; Go your own way when you are frustrated.
Wealth can't be lewd, poverty can't be moved, and power can't be bent. This is called a gentleman. "Jingchun believes that Gongsun Yan and Zhang Yi can control the princes and provoke wars between countries." In a rage, the princes are afraid and the world is destroyed. This is a great man.
Mencius believed that Gongsun Yan and Zhang Yizhi climbed up by shaking their lips and obeying the wishes of the governors, and there was no principle of benevolence, righteousness and morality. So they are just villains and women, pursuing the "way of concubinage". How can they be courageous men? Mencius' statement is implicit and humorous, only by saying "courtesy" to explain the mother's instructions when a woman gets married, thus drawing the conclusion that "those who take obedience as the right path are also concubines". What deserves our attention here is that the ancients thought that a wife's way was like a minister's way.
Of course, I should obey you, but the principle of obedience is justice. If you are unfair, I will protest. The same is true of a wife to her husband. Of course, a wife should obey her husband. However, if the husband has, he should persuade her to correct it.
It should be "harmony but difference" only eunuchs, little wives, little maids, who don't ask right and wrong and blindly obey principles. Actually, there is no principle.
"The way of concubinage" can not be generally understood as the way of women, but actually the way of little wives. Mencius' satire was profound and sharp, and he hated Gongsun Yan and Zhang Yi.
Regrettably, although Mencius hated this "obedience is the right way", such "concubines" have emerged continuously for more than two thousand years. Today, monogamy has been protected by law, "concubine" is hard to exist, but the theory of "concubine" may not exist, or even be popular.