1. Classical Chinese lt; gt; Translation
Translation:
Zhuangzi was about to die, and his disciples planned to bury him with many things. Zhuangzi said: "I regard the heaven and the earth as a coffin, the sun and the moon as a string of jade, and the stars as pearls. All things can be buried with me. Aren't the things I have buried with me complete? Where is the need to add more? These things!" The disciple said: "We are worried that crows and eagles will eat your body." Zhuangzi said: "The corpse on the ground will be eaten by crows and eagles, and if it is buried deep in the ground, it will be eaten by ants and snatch away the crows and eagles. Then give the food to the ants, how can you be so partial?"
Original text:
Zhuangzi was about to die, and his disciples wanted to give him a rich burial. Zhuangzi said: "I use the heaven and the earth as a coffin (17), the sun and the moon as a jade (18), the stars as pearls, and all things as gifts (19). Aren't my burial tools prepared for evil? Why add this?" The disciple said: "I am afraid that the black kite will eat the master. (20)" Zhuangzi said: "The black kite will eat the bird above, and the ants will eat the bird below. How wrong it is to seize the other and this one!" 2. Translation of Zhuangzi's classical Chinese article "The Death of Zhuangzi's Wife" , comment, find speed
Zhuangzi.
Extra chapter. Zhuangzi's wife died. Huizi went to express his condolences, but Zhuangzi was sitting with his legs spread like a dustpan, beating the fou and singing.
Keizi said: "You lived with your dead wife all your life, gave birth to children until you died of old age. It's okay if you don't feel sad and cry when you die. Then you beat the fou and sing songs, no? It's too much!" Zhuangzi said: "No. How could I not feel sad when this person died! However, upon closer inspection, she was not born in the first place, but she also had no body in the first place. , not only did not have a body, but also never formed a vitality.
Mixed in the trance state, it changed and became vitality, the vitality changed and became a body, and the body changed and became life. Now the change has returned to death, just like the movement of the four seasons of spring, summer, autumn and winter. The dead person will sleep peacefully between heaven and earth, but I am crying around her, thinking that I cannot understand it. Because of the fate of heaven, I stopped crying." 3. Zhuangzi was about to die, and his disciples planned to bury him with many things. Make a coffin, use the sun and the moon as jade, and use the stars as pearls. All things can be used for my burial. Aren’t my burial items complete? There is no need to add these things!" The disciple said: " We are worried that crows and eagles will eat Mr.'s body." Zhuangzi said: "The corpse will be eaten by crows and eagles on the ground, and eaten by ants if it is buried deep in the ground. If we take away the food from crows and eagles and give it to ants, how can we do it? Such partiality!" Original text: Zhuangzi was about to die, and his disciples wanted to give him a grand burial. Zhuangzi said: "I use the heaven and the earth as a coffin (17), the sun and the moon as a pair of jade (18), the stars as pearls, and all things as a gift (19). Why don't I add this to my burial utensils?" The disciple said, "I am afraid that the kites will eat them." Zhuangzi said, "The kites above will eat them, and the ants below will eat them. How biased!" 4. Full text translation of Zhuangzi's "The Sui" in classical Chinese
In order to prepare against thieves who pry into boxes, pick out pockets, and open cabinets, you must tighten the knots and strengthen the latches and keys. This is what ordinary people do So-called smart approach.
But once the big robber came, he would carry the cabinet, the box, and the bag and run away quickly, fearing that the knots, bolts, and keys were not strong enough. If this is the case, then didn't the so-called smart approach earlier just prepare the accumulation and reserve for the big thief? So I tried to discuss this situation. Are there any so-called smart people in the world who don’t accumulate wealth for big thieves? Are there any so-called saints who will not protect or steal property? How do you know this is the case? In the Qi State at that time, neighboring villages looked at each other from a distance, and the sound of chickens and dogs could be heard. The water surface spread by fishing nets and the land cultivated by plows and hoes covered an area of ??more than two thousand miles.
Within the entire country, all the places used to establish ancestral temples and communities, and all the places used to build administrative agencies at all levels of town, house, state, village, township, and li, are not following the example of ancient times. The way of a saint! However, Tian Chengzi killed the king of Qi in one fell swoop and took possession of the entire Qi state. Could it be that what he stole and seized was just the state of Qi? Along with the various sage laws and systems there, they were also robbed.
Although Tian Chengzi had a reputation as a thief, he was still in a stable position like Yao and Shun. Small countries did not dare to criticize him, and large countries did not dare to attack him. They occupied Qi from generation to generation. So, isn't this just stealing the laws and systems of Qi State and the sages there, so as to use it to protect his thief's body? So I have tried to discuss this situation. Is there any so-called wise person in the world who does not accumulate wealth for the thief? Are there any so-called saints who don’t protect the thief’s property? How do you know this is the case? Once upon a time, Long Feng was beheaded, Bigan had his chest cut open, Chang Hong had his belly disemboweled, and Zixu's body was thrown into the river and left to rot.
Even talented people like the four people above are not immune to being killed. So the disciples of Robber Zhi asked Robber Zhi: "Are there rules and standards for being a robber?" Robber Zhi replied: "Where can there be no rules and standards? It is sage wisdom to guess what property is stored in the house based on thin air. Being the first to enter a room is bravery; being the last to leave the room is loyalty; being able to know whether to take action is wisdom; being fair in distribution afterward is charity.
The above five things cannot be possessed, but it is. There is no one in the world who can become a great thief. "From this point of view, a good person cannot establish a career if he cannot understand the way of a saint, and a thief cannot steal if he cannot understand the way of a saint. There are few good people in the world, but many bad people. Then the saint will bring less benefit to the world, but will bring more disaster to the world.
So it is said: If the lips are turned outward, the teeth will be exposed and exposed to the cold. The wine offered by the Marquis of Lu is so weak that Handan, the capital of the Zhao Kingdom, is besieged. The emergence of saints leads to the rise of thieves. Criticize the saints and release the thieves, so that there will be peace in the world.
The valleys with dried up streams look particularly empty, and the flattened hills and deep pools look particularly substantial. If the saint dies, then the robbers will not rise again, and the world will be peaceful without any changes.
As long as the saint does not die, the thieves will not stop. Even if the entire society uses saints to govern the world, this will also be the greatest benefit for Tao Zhi.
If you give the people of the world dou and dendrobium to measure the weight of things, then they will be stolen together with the douhu; if you give the people of the world a scale and a scale beam to measure the weight of things, then they will be stolen together with the scale, hammer, and beam. The scales were stolen together; if you made talisman and seals for the people of the world to win people's trust, then they were stolen together with the talisman and seals; if you made benevolence and righteousness for the world to regulate people's morality and behavior, then they were stolen together with benevolence and righteousness. . How do you know this is the case? Those who steal small things like belt loops and hooks are punished and killed, but those who steal the entire country become princes; only in the gates of princes can there be benevolence and righteousness.
Isn’t this theft of benevolence, righteousness and sage wisdom? Therefore, those who follow the thieves, occupy the position of princes, and steal the benevolence and righteousness as well as the benefits of fighting trees, scales, and talisman seals, even if they are rewarded by high officials and generous salaries, they cannot be encouraged, and even if they are given the majesty of execution and killing, they cannot be stopped. These circumstances which greatly facilitate the bandits but fail to prohibit them are all the fault of the saints.
Therefore, it is said that fish cannot escape from the deep pool, and sharp tools for governing the country cannot be shown to others casually. Those so-called saints are sharp tools for governing the world and cannot be used to express the world.
Therefore, if the saint abandons his wisdom, the big thieves will be stopped; if he throws away jade and destroys the jewelry, the small thieves will disappear; if he burns the talisman and destroys the seal, the people will be simple and honest; if he breaks the dendrobium, he will be broken. By weighing the beams, the people will have no fights; by destroying the methods of the saints in the world, the people can talk about right and wrong and right and wrong.
Only by disrupting the six rhythms, breaking all kinds of musical instruments, and blocking Shi Kuang's ears can the people of the world preserve their original hearing; by eliminating the patterns, scattering the five colors, and blocking Li Zhu's eyes can the people of the world preserve their original vision. ; Destroy hooks and ink lines, abandon compasses and squares, and break the fingers of workers, so that people in the world can retain their original wisdom.
Therefore, it is said: "The greatest wisdom is like clumsiness." Cut off the loyalty and filial piety of Zeng Shen and Shi?, clamp down the eloquent mouths of Yang Zhu and Mo Zhai, abandon benevolence and righteousness, and the world will be virtuous. Only then can they be mixed and unified.
If everyone retains the original vision, then there will be no destruction in the world; if everyone retains the original hearing, then there will be no worries in the world; if everyone retains the original wisdom, then the world There will be no confusion; if everyone retains their original nature, then there will be no evil in the world. Zeng Shen, Shi Hu, Yang Zhu, Mo Zhai, Shi Kuang, Gong Jue and Li Zhu all showed off their virtues and used them to confuse the people of the world. This is why the method of holy governance is useless.
Don’t you know the era of Shengde? In the past, the Rongcheng, Dating, Bohuang, Zhongchuang, Lilu, Liwu, Xuanyuan, Hexu, Zunlu, Zhurong, Fuxi, and Shennong clans, in that era, the people relied on The method of tying ropes to remember things, recognizing rough meals as delicious food, recognizing simple clothes as beautiful clothes, recognizing honest customs as joy, recognizing simple dwellings as comfort, neighboring countries looking at each other, the sound of chickens and dogs They heard about each other, and the people did not interact with each other until they grew old and died. An era like this can be said to be a truly peaceful time.
But today, it has actually reached the point where the people stretch out their necks and stand on their heels and say, "A saint has appeared somewhere." 5. Translation of Zhuangzi in classical Chinese
Translation and annotation of the full text of Zhuangzi
The Taoist thoughts of "Laozi and Zhuangzi" have a profound influence on Chinese culture and have become an important supplement to the mainstream Confucianism in ancient times. Laozi handed down a "Tao Te Ching", and Zhuangzi's handed down work is called "Zhuangzi"
Zhuangzi (approximately 369 BC - 286 BC). A philosopher of the Warring States period, named Zhuang, (some say Zimu), Han nationality, from Mongolia in the Song Dynasty (now northeast of Shangqiu, Henan, some say now Mengcheng County, Anhui). Zhuangzi was a great thinker, philosopher, and writer in the Pre-Qin (Warring States) period of my country. He was originally a descendant of King Zhuang of Chu. He later moved to Mongolia in the Song Dynasty due to chaos. He was the main founder of Taoism. . Together with Laozi, the founder of Taoism, they are called "Laozi and Zhuangzi". Their philosophical system is respected by the academic community as "Laozi and Zhuangzi Philosophy", but their literary talent is even better than Laozi's representative work "Zhuangzi" and has been interpreted in many versions by respected people. , famous articles include "Xiaoyaoyou", "Qiwu Lun", etc. Zhuangzi advocates "the unity of nature and man" and "quietness and inaction"
"Zhuangzi". *** Thirty-three chapters are divided into three parts: "Inner Chapter", "Outer Chapter" and "Miscellaneous Chapter". It is generally believed that the seven texts in the "Inner Chapter" must have been written by Zhuangzi, and the "Outer Chapter" fifteen It is generally believed that it was written by Zhuangzi's disciples, or that it was written by Zhuangzi in collaboration with his disciples. It reflects Zhuangzi's true thoughts; the situation in Chapter 11 of the "Miscellaneous Chapter" is more complicated, and it should be Zhuangzi Written by scholars of the Zhuangzi school or later, some chapters are considered to be definitely not the thoughts of Zhuangzi's school, such as "Tao Zhi", "Shuo Jian", etc. The most concentrated expressions of Zhuangzi's philosophy are "Equality of Things" and "Xiaoyao". "You", "The Great Master", etc. 6. The ancient translation of "Zhuangzi" by the Ying people
When Zhuangzi's wife died, Huizi mourned her death, and Zhuangzi sat on a drum and a bowl and sang (1). Living with others (2), the eldest son is old (3), it is enough to die without crying, but it is enough to sing with a pot of drums, what more! "
Zhuangzi said: "No. This is the beginning of his death. How can I be so unreasonable (4)! Looking at its beginning, it is not born, it is not born, but it is formless, it is not formless, it is breathless (5). Mixed among the mangosteens, it changes and becomes qi, the qi changes and takes form, the shape changes and gives life, and now it changes and dies. This is how the four seasons of spring, autumn, winter and summer move together. He was sleeping in a huge room (6), and I started to cry (7). I thought I didn't understand my destiny (8), so I stopped.
"
Translation
Zhuangzi's wife died. Huizi went to express his condolences, but Zhuangzi was sitting with his legs spread like a dustpan, beating the fou and singing. Huizi said: "You lived with your dead wife all your life, gave birth to children until you died of old age. It's okay if you don't feel sad and cry when you die. Then you bang the fou and sing songs. Isn't it too much! "
Zhuangzi said: "That's not right. When this person first died, how could I not feel sad! However, upon closer inspection, she was never born in the first place. Not only was she never born, but she never had a body in the first place. Not only did she never have a body, but she never formed a vitality in the first place. Mixed in a trance-like state, the change gave rise to vitality, the change of vitality gave rise to form, the change of form gave rise to life, and now the change returns to death, just like the movement of the four seasons of spring, summer, autumn and winter. The dead person will sleep peacefully between heaven and earth, but I cried around her, thinking that this was because I didn't understand the destiny, so I stopped crying. "
Original text
When Zhuangzi was passing Huizi's tomb during his funeral, Gu said to his followers: "The people of Ying are slowing down their noses (1), like fly wings, making the craftsmen weave stones. (2). The craftsman moves the stone by weight like a wind (3), listens and cuts it (4), the stone is used up without hurting the nose, and the Ying people stand without losing their appearance (5). When the kings of the Song and Yuan Dynasties heard about it, they summoned the craftsman Shi and said, "Try to do it for me." ’ Carpenter Shi said, ‘I’ll try to cook it. Although, I have been dead for a long time (6). 'Since the Master's death (7), I have nothing to pledge! I have nothing to say. "
Translation
Zhuangzi passed by Huizi's grave during the funeral. He turned around and said to those who followed him: "There is a man in Yingdi who let chalk mud smear the tip of his nose, like a mosquito. The fly's wings are as big as the wings, so the craftsman uses an ax to chop off this small white spot. The craftsman made a whirring sound with his axe, cutting away the white spots carelessly. The white mud on the tip of his nose was completely removed but his nose was not injured at all. The people in Yingdi stood there as if nothing had happened. When Song Yuanjun learned about this, he summoned Carpenter Shi and said, "You can try the same for me." Carpenter Shi said: "I was indeed able to chop off the little white spot on the tip of my nose. Even so, my partner has been dead for a long time." Since Keiko passed away, I have no rival! I have no one to argue with! "
Original text
When Zhuang was traveling around Fan (1) in Diaoling, he saw a strange magpie coming from the south, with a wingspan of seven feet and an eye of great luck (2). Zhou Zhizhao gathered in Li Lin (3). Zhuang Zhou said: "What a bird it is, its wings are not dying (4), and its eyes are not big." He hurriedly walked in his clothes (5), holding the bullet and left it behind (6). ? A cicada catches the beautiful shade and forgets its own body; a mantis grabs the shade and forgets its shape; a strange magpie takes advantage of it (8), but sees the benefit and forgets its true nature (9). Ran said (10): "Hey! Things are solid and tired (11), and two types of things call together! " After donating the bullets, he went away, and the Yu people chased him away (12).
Zhuangzhou came back, and there was no court for three months (13). Lin Jie then asked him (14): "Master, what is this? Isn’t it very peaceful in a moment (15)? Zhuangzhou said: "I keep my shape and forget my body. I look at the turbid water and get lost in the clear abyss." And I heard that the masters said: 'If you enter into the customs, follow their orders (16)'. Now I am wandering around the Diaoling Tomb and forgetting about myself. The strange magpie touches me. I am wandering around the Lilin Forest and forgetting my truth. The Yu people in the Lilin Forest want to kill me (17), so I am not in the garden. ”
Translation
Zhuangzi was playing in the Diaoling Chestnut Forest when he saw a strange and strange magpie flying from the south. Its wings were seven feet wide and its eyes were as big as an inch. Zhuangzi's forehead rested in the fruit trees. Zhuangzi said: "What kind of bird is this? It has big wings but cannot fly far, and big eyes but not sharp eyesight." "So I picked up my clothes and stepped forward quickly, holding my slingshot and waiting quietly for the opportunity. Suddenly I saw a cicada, resting beautifully in the dense shade of a tree and forgetting its own safety; a mantis using leaves as a cover Seeing an opportunity, he planned to pounce on the cicada, but the mantis was about to catch the mantis and forgot about the existence of its own body. The strange magpie followed closely, thinking that it was an excellent opportunity, but was about to catch the mantis, but lost its true nature.
Zhuangzi said in horror and vigilance: "Ah, things in the world are originally entangled and compete with each other, and two kinds of things always attract each other for benefit!" Zhuangzi threw away his slingshot and walked away quickly. , the guard of Liyuan was bewildered and chased after him to question him.
Zhuangzi returned home and was in a bad mood for three days. Disciple Lin Jie followed and asked: "Sir, why have you been so unhappy these past few days?" Zhuangzi said: "I pay attention to the shapes of external objects but forget my own safety. I admire the turbid water but am confused by the clear pool. . And I heard from Teacher Lao Dan: "Every time you go to a place, you must follow the habits and taboos there." Now that I came to Diaoling Liyuan, I forgot about my own safety, and the strange magpie encountered me. When I was playing in the orchard, I lost my authenticity. The people in charge of the garden didn’t understand me and insulted me, so I felt very unhappy.”