In these years, every summer, education, especially youth education, has been a hot topic. The focus is on "school", the key word is "admission to higher education", and the emphasis is on "choosing" or "being chosen". The core is "growth", and the connotation is "hope", a new hope for individuals, families, schools, society and even mankind.

Its essence is the mystery of human civilization "in the new people".

However, "Can education change a person's destiny? I am generally pessimistic. In the face of the certain destiny of life, most of what education can do is to promote the realization of the established destiny." Rationality From a perspective perspective, we should be able to agree with Zheng Tao’s point of view. In real life, for every contemporary Chinese family, the core elements that can be grasped include food, clothing, housing, transportation, life, old age, illness and death. Probably the education of the next generation is the core element of the family. One of the themes. This is not to say that children’s education is more important than birth, old age, illness and death at certain times, but it is conceivable that this is a matter that has a lot of room for imagination, is uncertain, and is full of hope.

Recently, I listened to a speech by a leader on education. There was a sincere admonition for educators: "What is written in chalk on the hand is the dream of each child. What is written is The sustenance of each family writes the hope of great rejuvenation." "Parents outside the school gate are running around despite rain, snow and hail, working despite the scorching heat, and never giving up on educating their children even if the family is poor." This is roughly the same as the actual situation.

“A person has his irresistible destiny and his own limited educational history. Education and destiny are so entangled that they both explain the same topic: the limits of life and the limits of education. Destiny is a manifestation of the limits of life. Education is a limited breakthrough in the limits of life.”

In this sense, education may bring about changes in destiny, but this change is not necessarily positive. There are many examples of people being destroyed by education, but people are always willing to actively look for positive improvements or improvements in people's growth and life through education.

"'Knowledge changes destiny' is not a full judgment or an actual judgment, but at most an ought or possible judgment. The real feeling is this: knowledge can change the destiny of some people, but it cannot Change the destiny of others. Knowledge helps some people change the destiny of others. The relationship between education and people's destiny is generally the same. Whether it changes or not, it is part of the destiny of the individual.

Competition is also implicit in this. If education positively changes the fate of some people, it will also negatively change the fate of others.

No matter what, education is relevant to everyone. "There is such a correlation between 'love and education': when all courses, teaching methods, techniques and means are ready and exhausted, the remaining time is left to love. Only with faith, hope and love can there be Only real life can have real education."

Recently I have been recalling Mr. Gu Mingyuan's motto, "There is no education without love, and there is no learning without interest. Teaching and educating people is in the details, and students grow in it. Activities. ”

“Education is a ferry for life, and everyone is a ferryman. When we set out, we will find: there are countless ports, countless boats, and countless routes... Where should I go?” This view is completely consistent with Harari’s. I must quote his words again: "Every time in history is like a crossroads. Although there is only a one-way road from the past to the present, there are countless forks in the future. One of them Some roads are wider, smoother, and more clearly marked, so they are more likely choices. However, history sometimes chooses some completely unexpected paths.” To continue to deepen my understanding.

Every educator, even a social person, grows or changes through interaction with the times. "Era is my nurturer and educator. Learn to be grateful for the era you live in, no matter what kind of era it is." "Submerge yourself into the deep waters of the times and try to swim, but you need to raise your head from time to time and call out , while looking up at the sky. Looking up at this time is looking at the new era.

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Educators in human history are nothing more than providing forward-looking guidance and prospects based on historical experience and criticism of reality. In other words, educators are based on the times, but they are all ahead of the times. Human elites who are at the forefront of their times, or even beyond their times, are therefore often the protagonists of life tragedies in the real world.

“We are first enveloped by our own era, and then swept away by the future era. There is only one situation that can make us feel at ease, keep smiling and calm: we have contributed to the times, and the times are different because of our existence. ”

“The times and I are contradictory existences. It nourishes me, shapes me, limits me, and even controls me. ”

In my opinion, people with a certain rational thinking ability tend to maintain an appropriate safe distance from the times. They neither stay away from right and wrong like watching fire from the other side, nor follow what others say, but seem to be aloof. In fact, we should follow the trend and lead the times. "Return to yourself and overcome the times on your own." An era is, first of all, an era that belongs to oneself. As long as it is something that belongs to oneself, it has limitations and limits. The most difficult thing in the world is not to transcend the times, but to transcend the 'me' in the times. In a specific era, overcoming one's own limitations has always been the biggest challenge to individual life. ”

Education is always education in the times. Although we often say that education should be oriented to the future, this future is full of unknowns and is an unknown future. It cannot be the true and complete meaning of "the future is already here." Come, it's coming. "This sentence is just an exaggerated warning and call. "Is it possible and how can education lead the times and point the direction for the world? How can education create the general trend of the times while conforming to it? The general trend of education itself is also part of the general trend of the times. ”

“In meditation, I heard this self-call: Don’t let every independent and rich soul be limited to or inhabit a certain era. In your own time, escape to the future. "Yes, living in the present and staring at the future, this is the mission of education.

"More than 200 years ago, Schiller's admonition is still valid today, and it also applies to education: 'You should be consistent with your own Live with the century, but don't become his product. ’ The prerequisite is: don’t become a vassal and slave of the times. "Born in the era, but strive to stand at the forefront of the era. Born here, but strive to stand in the center of the square.

"There are three kinds of time for human beings. Agricultural time governs biological rhythms and requires ‘nature’. In the industrial era, mastering mechanical production requires ‘precision’. Education time, controlling people’s spiritual production, requires ‘growth’. The most common characteristic of the three types of time is 'repetition', and each has its own 'coming and going of cold and summer' and 'changing of the sun and the moon'. The biggest difference lies in the output results. Only ‘education time’ produces ‘people’, and they are ‘new people’. Education time puts forward time-based requirements on human life development. "Therefore, good education is timely, appropriate and appropriate education. This is difficult to grasp. It must be carried out in continuous interaction after establishing a relationship. According to Zheng Tao's point of view, it unfolds in listening and responding.

“Inject the power of education into the flow of time, and let the passage of time produce the great power of education. The passage of time does more than just make people age, it can also make people regenerate. ”

All education is the education of time. As time goes by, things will take their own course. This is the educational process of time. Outside Bailudong Academy, on a stream, there is an inscription of "Pillow Stream" Two words, "visiting", I still remember, listening to the sound of running water, thinking about it, through the ages, I will have a calm attitude towards some current troubles, which is the outlet of my thoughts

"Where to find education. time? This is a false question, and the way it is asked is wrong. When we use the word ‘find’, it means that the ‘educational time’ already exists, somewhere, we just need to find it. ”

“Educational time is designed, constructed, and practiced. Everyone is the designer and architect of his or her own educational time, and everyone is a practitioner of educational time. "

Time is also an element of education. What kind of time allocation is also partly determined by what kind of educational goals there are. "Give time back to students and give them the right to arrange self-education time. The right to divide, design and construct is returned to students.

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“Time itself is a critic without ambition, and has no desire to be the controller of students. But educators do. "Educators control the process and goals of education by controlling time. "Time is a discipline and a punishment. This is the ambiguous relationship between "educational time and power" seen through the eyes of the genius Foucault. In the world of education, there is a logic of power within schooling time. The carrier of this power logic is the ‘school timetable’, which ‘sets the rhythm, arranges activities and regulates repetition cycles’. Regardless of ‘regulation’, ‘arrangement’ or ‘adjustment’, it is all basically ‘control’. ”

As discussed below: “Foucault’s insight is shocking: ‘Schools control the body controlled by authority through the time control of each action, rather than being filled with animal spirits and rationality. body. ’ This is a vicious look that goes straight to the bottom: school time is a manipulation of the human body, which causes the body to lose its spirit and rationality. Of course, this judgment is not inevitable. ”

“Teachers are the designers of educational time. Design time is design education and design life growth. The danger with this design is that teachers may become substitutes. Teachers need to discuss with students, design educational time in dialogue, and become interlocutors, interveners, guides and leaders in the process of students designing their own time. ”

Time, curriculum, and space constitute all the elements of education, and people among them constitute the spirit and purpose of education. This, in my opinion, constitutes the entire connotation of school culture. The so-called education Everything happens, all of which are interactive and endogenous among the four.

“The curriculum is the cutting, combination and welding of students’ learning time. Different cutting methods, combination methods, and welding methods produce different education methods, leading to different rhythms and rhythms of life growth. ”

“The biggest drawback in the design of ‘education time’ is ‘fullness’. Teachers, students, and parents all lack time for naps, leisure time, chatting time, and even time to be in a daze. ‘Man’ brings ‘quick’ and ‘rush’. The full schedule urges teachers and students to run in a certain direction, and "rushing on time" becomes the purpose. ”

However, educators are often authorities. They always achieve subjective educational trends through wishful control of time. However, the answer is uncertain whether this trend is consistent with the purpose of education.

“Festivals, leisure, and educational opportunities are created in schools. Festivals create nodal opportunities for education in leisure. "Creating festivals was once my specialty, bringing them the joy of an era of schooling, enjoying it, being in it, and the good memories of education lingering in it.

"Naperville, USA Duncan, the physical education teacher, has a physical education class every morning. He runs 1,600 meters in the morning and his average heartbeat should be kept above 185 beats. The results were surprising: In the first half of the semester, students’ reading comprehension scores were 17 percent higher than the state average. Mathematics is 18% higher. Students who took the TIMSS exam ranked first in the world in science and sixth in the world in mathematics. " This is a miracle, a miracle that no one dares to imagine.

"The rigidity of education is the beginning of the rigidity of time. The rigidity of time leads to the rigidity of life. "With rigid timetables, rigid curriculum, and unchanging industrial processes, people are moving from purpose to tool, and education is slowly alienated into training.

"Procrastinating the classroom is just a delay in teaching time on the surface, but in essence it is What a waste and disregard for students’ lives. "This is common sense in education.

"The increasingly popular "private customization" in education is actually the private customization of educational time, designing "educational time" suitable for "this person". "Under the operation of this concept, the school becomes a learning space, in-depth learning becomes more possible, and differentiated development is generated. After all, education promotes people to be different.

"Time is Wise. Educational wisdom contains the wisdom of time. "The arrangement of time, whether it is courses, rituals, or leisure, is full of wisdom and art." When I walked into the school, I was immediately surrounded by a unique space that was filled with the flavor of education and exuded the atmosphere of education. , surging with the power of education. ”

“Space is the superposition of nature, humanity and education, and school is the superposition of multiple spaces. No, not superposition, but handover or intersection.

"The school space existing in isolation is meaningless. The school is not a park or a place for walking. It is composed of the occurrence and interaction of people's thoughts, comments and actions in the space where time flows.

" What’s in the school space? Do you have a school philosophy? Are there any cultural activities? Are there course resources? Are there any teaching methods? Most importantly, there are ‘people’ in this space. “The ‘people’ in the school space are specific people, people who are growing and developing. Compared with other spaces, the school space is also centered on human existence. The school space is centered on human growth and development. Its mission is to face and toward people, and it exists based on people and for the growth and development of people. of. ”

“The impact of space on people begins with its impact on people’s psychology. A psychologist puts a child into an empty room, and the child immediately develops a strong sense of insecurity and fear. At this time, a chair was brought in, and the child's eyes were cast on the chair, and the sense of security suddenly increased... Just a chair gave the child a sense of security. ”

“In the design of school space, the priority issue is: How to give children a sense of security and happiness?” What kind of space helps children feel safe and happy? ”

School time and school space are one of the school leadership courses, but often when these decisions are made, students are unaware and teachers are unclear. This is a problem and will lead to schools cultivating The distortion or even alienation of goals, the failure or failure of education, lies within it.

“When educators ask: ‘What kind of time do we need’, ‘What kind of classroom do we need? ’ is actually asking: ‘What kind of teaching and learning methods do we need? ’ The basic question is: ‘What kind of people do we need to cultivate? ’”

“‘The shape of your home is the shape of your soul. ’ The school space is a home for teachers and students to grow together. What kind of school home there is, there are what kind of teachers and students. The teachers and students who walked out of the school all carried the school home from their faces to their hearts. "Therefore, schools always need environmental improvement and cultural transformation.

"The breath of educational space is the breath of growth. Although it’s hard to describe, it’s ‘full of flavor’. Only by blending the taste of teachers' growth with the taste of students' growth can we have the taste of a real educational space. ”

“The school is a ‘theatre’ and a kind of ‘theatre space’. The entire school is a large theater, and the classrooms, offices, conference rooms, etc. are small theaters. The purpose of ‘school theater’ is to complete the task of systematic ‘education’ and refuse to watch for the sake of watching. ”

“The history of school space is a history of education. The transformation of school space is an educational transformation. "The schools in ancient times were located between empty mountains and rivers, on the banks of small rivers, and deep in mountains and rivers. Therefore, the school space needed mountains and rivers. This is not only related to aesthetics, but also directly related to the historical imagination of schools in cultural traditions. No A school with rippling water lacks aura; a school without undulating hillsides lacks rhythm.

The existence of a school actually has memory, and this memory can be in the silent walls and buildings of the school. , also flows or is scattered in the memories and words of Sifang alumni and friends. “How to view school change from a spatial dimension and then promote school change? One of the entry points is "power". Space is a kind of power. Returning the design and creation rights of school space to students is part of the school's transformation. Students, like teachers, are also creators of school space. Similar to educational time, educational space is also created jointly by teachers and students. Every sculpture, every piece of lawn, every wall, every spatial device in every classroom in the school is engraved with the names of teachers and students. ”

“ ‘Let every wall speak! ’ This is Suhomlinsky’s famous saying. By extension, we can go on to say: let every space speak. What to say? Talk about education, talk about educating people. Whose words are you talking about? Say what the teacher wants to say, say what the parents want to say, and say what the students want to say. Let everyone in the education space speak.

"The space is not empty, people are in it. The space is not empty, education is in it." I often think that no matter how beautiful the campus is, if it lacks the agility of people, it is just a park, not even a campus.

“In the space of education, instead of saying ‘architecture is solidified music’, it is better to say ‘architecture is solidified educational poetry’.

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“As the core part of educational space, the greatest value of school buildings is their ability to shape people.

Churchill, for example, said: 'We shape our buildings and are shaped by our buildings. ’”

“‘The house must not be above the mountain, or anything, at any time. The house should become part of the mountain... In this way, the mountain and the house can live together, and each will be happier because of the other's company. ’ This is the architect’s thinking. In school, ‘mountains’ are people. The various houses in the school can be classical or modern, Chinese or Western, refined or rough, simple or complex, but the individuality and style of the architecture cannot override, cover, or obscure anyone's individuality. ”

“The best school buildings are those that fully excavate, transform and realize the educational value of the building, and realize the integration of architectural personality and human personality.” This kind of school building realizes the integration of human and house, reflecting and portraying each other. ”

No matter how beautiful a building looks, it must consider people’s feelings, use, flow, and thoughts. People are the purpose, and they are built for people. This is the fundamental principle of school architecture. The people in the school are mainly students, followed by teachers. When considering teachers, the ultimate factor also points to the growth and growth of students. "Whether the school building is good or not, we need to answer these questions: Does it give students a sense of security?" Has it brought students new life experiences? Does it facilitate the teaching and learning process? Are the space needs of teachers and students met? Has it given teachers and students new possibilities and new strength for life growth? Have you developed your own personality? ”

Therefore, schools need to be improved and rebuilt, they need to examine the internal logic and interaction of time and space, and they need the participation and integration of teachers and students.

[Note] Li Zhengtao: "Education and Eternity", East China Normal University Press, 1st edition, July 2019

Recorded during the training break of Shaanxi teachers and compiled at the Dajinshan base. To be continued