Chen Yun, as an outstanding leader of the party and the country, during his more than 70 years of revolutionary career, he was loyal to the party's cause and unswervingly fought for the party's ideals and beliefs throughout his life. His ultimate goal is It lies in improving people's livelihood. He has pointed out many times: "People's livelihood issues are political issues and should become an important national policy." ①His thoughts on people's livelihood run through the specific practice of his revolution.
1. Pay attention to people’s livelihood: listen to people’s voices and understand public opinion
To pay attention to people’s livelihood issues, we must first understand the most real needs of the people. Chen Yun pointed out: "The solution to the immediate problems of the masses must be discussed among the masses and found among the masses. Because only the masses can truly understand their own problems, and only among the masses can the most appropriate solution to the problems at that time and place be discussed. ” ② Throughout Chen Yun’s life, no matter in different periods of revolution, construction, reform and opening up, when he held different positions in the party and the country, and when faced with all aspects of governance, he always paid attention to listening to the voices of the people through various channels. , Understand public opinion and lay the foundation for proposing and formulating effective policies with great impact and significance to truly solve people's livelihood problems.
In the late 1950s and early 1960s, affected by the "Great Leap Forward" and the people's communes, my country's agricultural production was severely damaged, industrial production also declined sharply, and the national economy encountered serious difficulties. Chen Yun, who returned as the leader of the Central Financial and Economic Group, decided to conduct in-depth rural investigation and research in order to fully understand the real situation and adjust policies scientifically. Under the influence of "exaggeration", it is not easy to understand the real situation. In order to find out the truth, Chen Yun returned to Qingpu, Shanghai several times from January 1955 to July 1961 to investigate the public sentiment. This is Chen Yun’s hometown. “The local cadres and people can tell me the truth.” ③ He is a commoner and vegetarian. He goes to the fields, goes to farmers’ houses, lifts pot lids, and looks at pig pens. He takes the trouble to listen to the people’s voices and understand their opinions in depth and detail. , and then proposed to the central government that farmers whose output does not meet the unified purchase standard should be exempted from tax or implement a series of measures such as public grain subsidies. He also drafted reports to the central government such as "Sows should also be decentralized to farmers for private rearing" and "Double-cropping rice is not as good as planting broad beans and single-cropping rice."
Chen Yun understands the sufferings of grassroots cadres and the masses by personally visiting people's lives, making close friends who dare to tell the truth, and arranging staff around him to investigate. "Books, only facts", taking the voices of the masses as the focus of attention to people's livelihood. In 1933, Chen Yun served as a member of the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China and secretary of the All-China Federation of Trade Unions. In his article "How to Make a Labor Contract", he clearly stated the importance of clearly estimating the most urgent demands of the masses and listening to the opinions of the masses with an open mind. Chen Yun has always advocated making friends widely, listening to the truth, asking for good advice, and listening to elegant words; he focused on telling the truth rather than talking about face; "If you are not afraid of others saying the wrong thing, you are afraid that others will not speak." He advocates "exchange, exchange, Compare and iterate", believing that when we do work, we should use 99% of our efforts to understand the situation. ④ Not only should we see the positive side, but also the negative side; we should not only listen to the positive opinions, but also listen to the negative opinions. On February 8, 1962, Chen Yun spoke at a meeting of all cadres in Shanxi Province participating in the enlarged Central Work Conference: "It is not enough to rely solely on a few leading cadres to discover problems, shortcomings and mistakes in our work. We must fully carry them forward Democracy mobilizes the masses and cadres to provide opinions on our work. Only by effectively correcting the shortcomings and mistakes in our work can we mobilize people's enthusiasm and truly do a good job. "⑤
Understanding public opinion, understanding public opinion and complying with public opinion have always been Chen Yun's governing philosophy.
2. Improving people’s livelihood: putting the people first and seeking truth from facts
Chen Yun has a famous saying: Talking about serving the people without solving practical problems is empty talk. He emphasized, "Our Communist Party must care about the vital interests of the people every day." ⑥
In the early 1960s, our country encountered serious economic difficulties, and many large and medium-sized cities had a serious shortage of food supplies. , the people's physique is affected.
Chen Yun was so anxious that he told everyone: "At present, this issue is a national matter. If more than 60 million people are not in good health and we don't find a way to solve it, the people will have opinions." In his opinion, "If the food is stable, the world will be stable; if the food is tight, the market will be tight." ⑦ "Without food, there will be chaos. This matter cannot be underestimated." ⑧
In order to solve the basic nutritional problems of the masses in difficult times, Chen Yun personally conducted investigations with nutrition researchers and finally formulated the "soybean" plan. In the absence of meat and protein, use soybeans to supplement nutrition. Zhou Enlai greatly praised this and believed that "Chen Yun not only personally planned the lives of the people, but also considered it carefully and thoughtfully." ⑨
In the early 1980s, reform and opening up had just begun. People's living standards were still very low, and eating and clothing were still problems. On December 16, 1980, Chen Yun, then Vice Premier of the State Council, emphasized at the Central Work Conference: “The ultimate purpose of economic construction is to improve people’s lives.” ⑩ After talking about the economic situation and adjustment issues, he also Specifically speaking: "What is the situation of vegetables now? Comrades, don't underestimate this problem. The problem of eating vegetables is a big problem. Eating grains solves it, eating meat solves it, but vegetables are also a big problem." { 11} He also made a special request on this issue, to investigate the causes and find ways to effectively solve the problem of people eating food.
Chen Yun is concerned about the employment issues of the people. At the beginning of the founding of New China, the number of unemployed people in cities reached 4 million. Chen Yun proposed that on the one hand, we should adopt a unified approach to arranging employment, and on the other hand, we should adopt measures such as self-help through production and encouraging unemployed people to move to areas with labor shortages. He advocated the implementation of an employee retirement system. "The retirement method is in line with the international situation and China's reality. China has a large number of people, and the old will not retire, and the young will not be able to enter." {12}
Based on the actual situation in China at that time, Chen Yun formulated a series of measures to develop the economy and improve people's livelihood, and continued to actively explore effective ways to improve people's livelihood in practice. He pointed out realistically: Economic development and improvement of people's livelihood cannot be accomplished overnight. We must see that "first, we need to eat, and second, we need to build. If we eat all the food, the country will have no hope. After eating, there will still be energy left for construction, and then the country will have hope." {13} In the process of economic development, he reminded everyone to be clear-headed, analyze carefully, constantly sum up experience, clearly understand the situation, seek truth from facts, and improve people's livelihood based on national conditions. "It is most reliable to proceed from reality and deal with problems realistically." {14}
Chen Yun has repeatedly emphasized the need to pay great attention to and discuss the immediate issues of the masses. He has implemented his concern for people's livelihood and turned it into visible and tangible benefits for the people, which fully reflects the purpose of the Communist Party of China to always represent the interests of the overwhelming majority of the people and serve the people wholeheartedly.
3. Solving people’s livelihood issues: working together and persevering
People’s livelihood issues are a matter of concern to the whole country. To better solve people’s livelihood issues, all people need to work together. Work together, unite. Chen Yun pointed out: "If we set a policy to improve people's livelihood, then the realization of this policy must also rely on the people's own struggle." {15}At the same time, people's livelihood is a dynamic and sustainable development concept, and the people's livelihood needs will continue to have new expectations. Therefore, solving people's livelihood requires us to work together, persevere, and keep pace with the times.
my country's people's livelihood issues have been greatly improved in the 30 years of reform and opening up. The people's lives have achieved a historic leap from subsistence to moderate prosperity, and the people have tasted the sweetness of reform and development. With the development of the times, the people have new requirements and goals for people's livelihood issues, and have put forward higher expectations and demands for our party and country.
In his report to the 17th National Congress of the Communist Party of China, General Secretary Hu Jintao spoke frankly about the difficulties encountered in the process of developing people's livelihood. He clearly realized that our country's current situation in labor employment, social security, There are indeed many problems in people's livelihood such as income distribution, education and health, residential housing, and production safety. He pointed out: "There is still a big gap between our work and the people's expectations, and we still face many difficulties and problems in our progress. The most prominent ones are : The resource and environmental costs of economic growth are too high; urban and rural, regional, and economic and social development are still unbalanced; it is more difficult to stabilize the development of agriculture and sustainably increase farmers' income; labor and employment, social security, income distribution, education and health, residential housing, production safety, There are still many issues related to the vital interests of the people in areas such as judicial and social security, and some low-income people have difficulty living... We must attach great importance to these issues and continue to resolve them conscientiously. "On the basis of an objective understanding of existing people's livelihood issues, we must highlight them. It emphasizes the development concepts of social fairness, justice, and universal enjoyment, and takes the comprehensive improvement of people's livelihood and the universal enjoyment of development results as an important goal of development.
Although the development of society has given people's livelihood different connotations of the times, it is our party's consistent purpose to pay attention to people's livelihood, constantly solve people's livelihood problems, and serve the people wholeheartedly. As Chen Yun said: "The masses have many practical problems before us. If these problems are solved well, the masses will have more faith in our party, and our party's prestige among the masses will become higher and higher." {16} Chen Yun on solving people's livelihood The thinking on the problem and the valuable experience formed in specific practice not only played an important role in solving people's livelihood problems at that time, but also provided important guidance and reference for solving people's livelihood problems today and even in the future.
, 323 pages.
②{15}{16} Volume 1 of "Selected Works of Chen Yun", People's Publishing House, 1995 edition, pages 169, 166, 172
⑥ "Ten Years with Chen Yun" 》, Central Literature Publishing House, page 210.
⑨ "Chen Yun in Life" PLA Press, page 169.
{11} "Chen Yun's Later Years" People's Publishing House, page 279.
{12}The middle volume of "Chen Yun Chronicle", Central Literature Publishing House, 2000 edition, page 403.
{14}The second volume of "Chen Yun Chronicle", Central Literature Publishing House, 2000 edition, page 430.
Author's unit: Chen Yun's Former Residence and Qingpu Revolutionary Historical Memorial Hall
The above is excerpted from Niubb article website, thank you.