What do you want when you hand over the canopy? ② You dare not turn over and have met. Excellent

A broken hat covers a busy city, while an excellent leak spills over the boat.

frown coldly at a thousand fingers, and bow down as a willing ox.

hide in the small building and be unified ⑤, regardless of winter and summer and spring and autumn ⑤.

Note:

① The Diary of Lu Xun dated October 12, 1932: "In the afternoon, there was a banner of Liu Yazi's book, saying:

' What do you want to deliver the canopy ... Duff was rewarded with food, while idle people were pumping oil, and they stole half a couplet, so they were always invited to dinner. " On October 5th, Yu Dafu hosted a banquet for his brother Yu Hua in Jufeng Garden, and invited Lu Xun to accompany him. Idle people, (Preface to Three Idle Collections) said: "I will print the materials I collected when compiling A Brief History of Chinese Novels as" Notes on Old Stories "to save young people the power of censorship, while Cheng Fangwu refers to leisure in the name of the proletariat. And' leisure' as for three ... ",so I named the essay collection" Three Leisure Sets "and called myself" Idle People ". Oil painting is my humble name, and it is a doggerel. There are three ways to steal half couplet: First, Comrade Guo Moruo thinks that it is not half couplet but half sentence to borrow Qian Ji's "a willing ox with a full meal", see note 4. Second, borrow the poem of Wan Yao's young (tin hook), a poet from Nanshe, "An old hat covers a busy city." Third, Comrade Xiong Rong provided that Lu Xun went to the banquet that day, and Yu Dafu joked: "Have you worked hard these days?" Lu Xun answered him with a couplet of "bash elbows" that he thought of the day before. Duff joked:

"It seems that your' Hua Gai Yun' or your Chinese have lost it?" Lu Xun said, "Well, by telling you this, I got half a couplet again, and I can make up a little poem." The so-called stealing half a couplet refers to the first sentence ("Another explanation of stealing half a couplet",

People's Daily on February 22, 1962). Press, say it is to borrow half a sentence instead of half a couplet; Second, this poem was not found in Nanshe Poetry Collection; The three statements are more consistent. In the poems contained in the diary, the word "broken" is "old" and

"leakage" is "broken". Later, when Lu Xun wrote a fan for Yong Cheng in Saya, Japan, he also made a "look" at the "right" in this poem.

②

Hua Gai: Lu Xun's "Hua Gai Ji Inscription": "I have never learned fortune telling in my life, but I heard from the old people that people sometimes have to pay Hua Gai Yun. ..... This luck is good luck for monks: having a canopy at the top is naturally a sign of becoming a Buddha and making ancestors. But the laity can't. The canopy is on the floor and will be covered, so we have to hit a nail. " Huagai, the cloud gas covered on the head like a flower. "Ancient and Modern Notes": "Huagai, what the Yellow Emperor did; Fighting Chiyou in the field of Zhuolu often has five colors of clouds, golden branches and jade leaves, which stop at the emperor and have the image of a flower, so it is also a canopy. " This refers to the car cover made by the Yellow Emperor in imitation of clouds and gas.

③ The missing sentence: Wu Zi Zhi Bing; "If you are in a leaky boat." In Biography of Bi Zhuo in the Book of Jin, Bi Zhuo said: "If you have drunk hundreds of boats, … you will spend your whole life in a floating wine boat."

④

A willing ox: Comrade Guo Moruo mentioned in "The Qualitative Change of the Willing Ox" that Hong Liangji's "Beijiang Poetry" volume 1 quoted a column of money season's re-production: "The wine is mellow or the village turns into a butterfly, and the rice is full and sweet for a willing ox." It is pointed out that "but this allusion, once in the hands of Lu Xun, has completely changed its quality." Here, it is really decadent and magical. " (People's Daily, January 16, 1962) Zuo Zhuan mourned for the public for six years: "Bao Zi said,' Did you forget that Jun was a willing ox and break his teeth?' "Qi Jinggong loves his children, pretending to be a cow, with a rope in his mouth, and letting the children ride. The child fell and pulled out his tooth.

⑤ Unity: That is to say, I hide in a small building and have a unified world.

⑥ Never mind winter and summer and spring and autumn: that is, no matter how the climate outside changes. Lu Xun is often oppressed under the white terror, so it is compared to making friends with China, and < P > to "meeting without daring to turn over". In order to avoid the pursuit and persecution of reactionaries, they covered their faces with broken hats when crossing the downtown area. Just like this, the situation is still very dangerous, like a leaking boat carrying wine floating in the current, and it will sink if it is not careful. In such a dangerous environment, Lu Xun adopted a firm and uncompromising fighting attitude. Chairman Mao's "Speech at Yan 'an Forum on Literature and Art" said: "Lu Xun's two poems,' Look at a thousand fingers coldly and bow down as a willing ox', should be our motto. "Thousand Commandments" here means the enemy, and we will never give in to any vicious enemy. The' obedient son' here means the proletariat and the masses. All * * * party member, all revolutionaries and all revolutionary literary and art workers should learn from Lu Xun's example, be the' cows' of the proletariat and the masses of the people, and do their best until they die. " Chairman Mao spoke highly of this spirit. Being persecuted by reactionaries, Lu Xun is often hiding, so "hiding in a small building" is realistic, but it is not limited to realism. At that time, the reactionaries lost a large area of land in Northeast China. During the December 28th Incident in 1932, the National Government evaded the threat of the enemy and moved to Luoyang. It was not until December this year that it moved back to Nanjing. The author didn't move back when he wrote this poem, so he satirized that it only knew how to avoid it, no matter how endangered the motherland was.

In this poem, "bashing one's brow" has become a famous saying, and "bashing one's brow" and "bowing one's head" vividly describe two totally different attitudes of revolutionary soldiers towards the enemy and the people. These two sentences are not only meaningful but also vivid. Comrade Guo Moruo praised this couplet in the preface to Lu Xun's Poems: "Although there are only fourteen words, the power of life and death of the other party is clearly defined by love and hatred; Demonstrate the spirit of unity and struggle. This is really unprecedented and later. " The origin of "a thousand fingers" comes from Wang Jiachuan in Han Dynasty: "There is a proverb that says,' A thousand fingers will die without illness.' "The" thousands of people "here, that is," thousands of people ",refers to the masses. However, Lu Xun said in "To Li Bingzhong" on February 4, 1931: "Fortunately, there is nothing to do today, so I can release my thoughts. However, after three complaints, the virtuous mother became suspicious. As pointed out by thousands of people, they died without illness. Being born in this life, I don't know what I will hear in the future. " Lu Xun gave a new meaning here. This "condemned man" refers not to the masses, but to the enemy, and refers to all kinds of enemies. This is the same as "Xiao Aimi" in Untitled "A Clear Branch Picks Xiang Ling". "Xiao Aimi" refers to a large number of enemies, which is the same as that of "A Thousand Commandments". Therefore, Leng's criticism of "a thousand fingers" is not the only finger accused by Leng to the masses, but the guidance of Leng to many enemies. Chairman Mao's statement that "a thousand fingers here means enemies" is extremely correct.

There are still some differences in the interpretation of Self-mockery, which can be discussed.

Explanation of the title "Self-mockery": First, it says: "As for the word" self-mockery "written by Lu Xun, it is just a kind of music. In fact, Mr. Lu Xun does not need to laugh at himself." Since there is no need to laugh at yourself, why "laugh at yourself"? Does saying Qubi mean that there is no "self-mockery"? The problem is still unclear. The second is to say: "This poem is called self-mockery, but it is actually a mockery of the enemy." That's mocking the enemy, not self-deprecating. If you really don't laugh at yourself, then why bother to write "Self-mockery"? Third, "self-mockery is self-mockery. What did Lu Xun mock himself for? Laugh at your own experience, laugh at your own situation, that is, laugh at the various persecutions of the enemy. " "It is self-deprecating, and the object of each poem is always yourself." To mock yourself is to mock the enemy? Every poem is a mockery of yourself. Is it also a mockery of yourself to "look at a thousand fingers coldly"?

then how to explain "self-mockery"? The topic of "self-mockery" has its origin. There is a kind of theory in Selected Works, including Dong Fangshuo's Difficult to Answer a Guest, Yang Xiong's Jiechao and Ban Gu's Answer a Guest Play. There are jokes and plays in these three topics, and the first one is Jiechao. These three articles are all about explaining the guests' ridicule, not "self-mockery", but different from "self-mockery". However, in the biography of Han Dong Fangshuo, it is said: "Because it is difficult to set up a guest, I use my position to comfort myself." It is Dong Fangshuo who assumes that a guest is mocking himself, not that a guest is mocking himself, but that he is mocking himself, and then he will answer it himself. Yang Xiong's "Jiechao", Ban Gu's "Answer the Guest Play" and Han Yu's "A Solution to Learning" are all the same. They all assume that a person will mock themselves, but in fact they mock themselves, and then they will answer themselves. Therefore, in the Selected Works, Dong Fangshuo and other three articles are called "hypothesis", which shows that the guest who mocked himself is assumed by the author, that is, the author's self-mockery. This kind of article is divided into two parts, one is mocking yourself and the other is answering. Actually, it is self-deprecating and self-explaining, but in form, it is a guest mocking and self-explaining.

Lu Xun's "Self-mockery" is a change from this kind of "self-mockery" article. It is called "self-mockery" by removing its formal self-explanation. In fact, the past "laugh at ridicule" is divided into two parts, and Lu Xun's "laugh at oneself" is also divided into two parts. In the past, it was assumed that the guests asked themselves questions to mock themselves, and Lu Xun's "Self-mockery" also asked questions to mock themselves, such as "What do you want from the canopy", which is actually a question sentence. What else do you want from the canopy? In the past, the articles on "giving a joke" all had their own words, such as Dong Fangshuo's "lip rot and teeth fall", Yang Xiong's "official rise and fall", Ban Gu's "body balance", Han Yu's "putting an end to the past, it is easy to blame", and "it is useless to compete for death". Lu Xun also had similar "self-mockery", such as "meeting without daring to turn over", which was similar to the fear of meeting with "balance the door" and "blaming the past and the future"; Writing one's own description is the same as writing one's own description of "rotten lips and falling teeth" and "clumsy teeth". This is the self-deprecating part.

In the past, the part of "Jiechao" was often self-occupied, such as "planning with Fan Li, being loyal to the son" in Dongfang Shuo's words, "Today's son is laughing at the phoenix with a owl" in Yang Xiong's words, and "the wall of harmony" in Ban Gu's words,

" Lu Xun also made a mockery, that is, "looking down at a thousand fingers, bowing down as a willing ox", and its profound significance has been expounded by Chairman Mao, which naturally goes far beyond the predecessors. Therefore, there is a self-deprecating part in "Self-mockery", unlike the explanation cited above, which thinks that "self-mockery" is a tune and a "mockery of the enemy". How can it be a "curveball" to say that you are lucky enough not to dare to turn over and cover your face with a broken hat? How can it be a mockery of the enemy? Isn't it true that the delivery of China's cover is not the delivery of China's cover? How can you mock the enemy when you say that you are lucky? "Self-mockery" has a self-explanation part, and not every sentence is self-mockery.

Of course, Lu Xun's "Self-mockery" is quite different from the predecessors' "laughter" in form and content. The predecessors laughed at themselves, while Lu Xun only called it "self-mockery", which is a different proposition. The predecessors used the guest's ridicule to express their grievances, and used self-explanation to occupy their identity, mainly to laugh at themselves, not daring to touch the feudal rulers for their own grievances, and to beautify the feudal rulers. Lu Xun's "Self-mockery" is a revolutionary poem, daring to stab the Kuomintang reactionaries, showing his contempt for the enemy and his determination to fight for the revolutionary cause to the end. So what's the point of using the previous "laugh at laughter" to compare? This just shows the development of Lu Xun's creation, just as Lu Xun's My Lovelorn has inherited and developed. Pointing out this point is conducive to our understanding of the topic "Self-mockery" and makes it more in line with the reality of poetry.

Secondly, the explanation of the last couplet "hide in the small building and become a unity, regardless of winter and summer and spring and autumn". One said that "the last two sentences are ironic to those who only care about their own comfort and don't ask about politics." Second, it satirizes that the Kuomintang reactionaries moved their capital to Luoyang during the December 28th Incident in 1932, and did not move back to Nanjing until December, when the author wrote this poem. "Hiding in a small building" once again expresses Lu Xun's idea of "fighting in trenches". The' small building' is the fortification of the bunker and the trench of the front line. Hiding in the small building and taking the opportunity to attack is to better preserve yourself, attack the enemy and destroy the enemy. " Fourth, saying "to be unified" means to be unified by itself, which is tit for tat with the Chiang family dynasty. Although the' small building' is small, as an outpost of the struggle against the enemy, it is linked to the entire revolutionary struggle of the proletariat. "

Let's look at the "Jiechao" written by predecessors, and what it says in the latter part. Dong Fangshuo said that "when you don't need it, you have no disciples, but you live alone"; What Yang Xiong said is "the house that is lonely and lonely, and defends morality"; Ban Gu said, "Be careful about what you want and keep your destiny.". It's all about being content with loneliness and being self-controlled, not satirizing others. It is inappropriate to say that people who are sarcastic but don't ask about politics. It is mainly the enemy who should be satirized, but it is a matter of education for those who don't ask about politics, not satirizing them. Lu Xun's "hiding in a small building" is content with loneliness, but there are similarities in form. Of course, the spirit of the two is completely different. The former is to retreat and the latter is to fight.

how to fight when hiding in a small building? Is it a trench war with a small building as a trench? We only know that when the enemy invaded the city for street warfare, they hid in the small building and attacked the enemy under the cover of the small building. Lu Xun fought against the cultural "encirclement and suppression". How could he use the small building as a trench? To fight against cultural "encirclement and suppression", we must use newspapers and periodicals as a fighting position to attack the enemy. If we leave the fighting position of newspapers and periodicals, how can we attack the enemy even if we hide in a small building? Lu Xun's trench warfare is to confuse the enemy with all kinds of pseudonyms when he writes battle essays, and to blind the enemy's eyes with all kinds of ingenious artistic techniques when he writes battle essays, so as to cover himself and attack the enemy instead of "hiding in a small building" to save himself and attack the enemy. Third, I'm afraid it's not realistic. The fourth theory holds that "hiding in a small building" is to hold one's ground, and "unification" is linked with the whole revolutionary struggle of the proletariat. However, the original sentence said that "hiding in the small building" became unified, that is, hiding in the small building became unified, and it was not based on the small building and then linked with the revolutionary base areas to become unified. It is precisely because hiding in a small building has become a unified country that it corresponds to "care about winter and summer and spring and autumn". No matter what the external political climate is, care about it! That is, regardless of the meaning. If the small building is linked with the whole revolutionary struggle of the proletariat, we must pay close attention to the external political climate. How can we ignore it? Therefore, the four theories can't help asking too much.

so what exactly do these two sentences mean? Under the persecution of reactionaries, Lu Xun is often escaping, so hiding in the small building has become my unified country, regardless of any changes in the political climate outside him. This is "self-mockery", but it is not limited to self-mockery, and it is also a satire that Kuomintang reactionaries only know how to avoid, no matter how endangered the motherland is. These two sentences are not only "self-mockery", but also a fierce attack on the enemy by "self-mockery", which shows that "self-mockery" is a revolutionary battle. These two sentences have made a strong cooperation with the couplet of "looking at each other coldly"