Original text Confucius said: "Reciting but not writing, trusting and loving the ancients, imitating me, Lao Peng."

Translation Confucius said: "Only paraphrasing the thoughts of the sages without creating one's own I believe in and like the things of the ancients, and I compare myself to Lao Peng in private."

Original text? Confucius said: "I know it silently, I am tireless in learning, and I am tireless in teaching others. What does it have to do with me?" ”

Translation Confucius said: “Remembering (knowledge learned) silently, learning without feeling bored, teaching without feeling tired, what have I accomplished?”

Original text? Confucius said: "If you don't cultivate virtue, if you don't learn it, if you don't learn it, you can't move away from it, if you don't change it, that's what worries me."

Translation Confucius said: "(Many people) Not cultivating moral character, not paying attention to knowledge, not being able to do what is right when I hear it, not being able to correct bad things, these are the things that worry me."

Original Wenzi, Yanju, Shen. Shen Ruye; Yaoyao Ruye.

When Confucius was at home, he was well-dressed, gentle, comfortable, and at ease.

Original text: Confucius said: "How old I am! It has been a long time since I dreamed of Duke Zhou anymore."

Translation: Confucius said: "I have become very old. I have been very old for a long time." I no longer dreamed of Duke Zhou."

Original text: Confucius said: "Aspire to the Tao, base yourself on virtue, rely on benevolence, and wander in art."

Translation Confucius said: "In this way. Tao is the ambition, based on virtue, based on benevolence, and operates within the scope of the six arts (ritual, music, etc.)."

Original Wenzi said: "I have not learned anything beyond self-cultivation. "

Translation Confucius said: "As long as he comes to see me voluntarily with more than ten pieces of dried meat as a gift, I will never fail to teach him."

Original text Confucius said. : "If you are not angry, you will not be enlightened. If you are not angry, you will not be inspired. If you take one example and do not repeat it with three examples, you will never recover."

Translation: Confucius said: "Teach a student until he wants to understand it but cannot." , don’t enlighten him; don’t enlighten him until he thinks about it but can’t express it. If you teach him one aspect but he can’t infer the other three aspects from it, then don’t teach him any more. ”

Commentary: In Chapter 21 of “Yong Ye”, Confucius said: “If you are above the middle level, you can speak up; if you are below the middle level, you cannot speak up.” This chapter continues. Problems with his educational methods. Here, he proposed the idea of ??"heuristic" teaching. In terms of teaching, he opposed the "cramming" and "filling the whole class" practices. Requiring students to "draw inferences from one instance" and to inspire and enlighten students based on their full independent thinking is in line with the basic laws of teaching and has far-reaching influence. It can still be used as a reference in today's teaching process.

Original text 7·9 The child eats on the side of the mourner and is not full.

Translation: Confucius ate next to people in mourning and was never full.

Original Text 7·10 The Master weeps every day, but does not sing.

Translation Confucius cried in mourning on this day and stopped singing.

Original Text 7·11 Zi Lu said to Yan Yuan: "If you use it, you will do it; if you leave it, you will hide it (1), but I and you have this husband (2)!" Zi Lu said: "Zi Xing three armies ( 3), then who will be with (4)? "Confucius said: "Those who die without regrets, such as Baohu (5) and Feng He (6), will definitely be afraid of troubles (7). "The one who succeeds."

Translation Confucius said to Yan Yuan: "If you use me, I will do it; if you don't need me, I will hide it. Only you and I can do this?" Zi Lu asked Confucius! Said: "Teacher, if you command the three armies, then who will you have sex with?" Confucius said: "I will not fight with tigers with bare hands, cross rivers on foot, and die without regrets." To work with him, I must be looking for someone who is cautious, good at planning and able to complete the task."

Commentary on Confucius's suggestion in this chapter: "Baohu Feng. River, people who die without regrets will go together to command the army. Because in his opinion, although this kind of person is willing to die, he will not be able to achieve great things if he is brave and reckless. "Courage" is a virtue in the moral category of Confucius, but courage is not a reckless act, but a person who is "fearful when faced with difficulties and likes to make plans". This kind of person has both wisdom and courage, and meets the requirements of "brave".

Original text Confucius said: "If you are rich, you can ask for it. Even if you are a man with a whip, I will do it. If you can't ask for it, follow my own preferences."

Translation Confucius said: " If wealth is really attainable, I would be willing to do it even if it is a low-level job. If wealth is not in line with the Tao, then there is no need to pursue it, then I should just do it according to my hobbies." p>

What the original text Zi was careful about: Qi, Zhan, Ji.

Translation Confucius said that the three things to be treated with caution are fasting, war and disease.

Original text Confucius heard "Shao" in Qi State, and he didn't know the taste of meat in March, and said: "I don't want to do it for pleasure."

Translation Confucius heard "Shao" in Qi State. "Shao" music, he could not taste the taste of meat for a long time. He said, "I never expected that the beauty of "Shao" music has reached such a charming level."

Original text Ran You said: "Master Wei Wei "Master?" Zigong said, "No, I will ask."

He came in and said, "Who are Boyi and Shuqi?" Said: "A wise man from ancient times." Said: "Resent?" He said, "If you seek benevolence and gain benevolence, why complain?" He came out and said, "Master, you don't want to do anything." ”

Translation Ran You (asked Zigong) said: “Will the teacher help the king of Wei?” Zigong said, "Well, I'll ask him." So he went in and asked Confucius: "What kind of people are Boyi and Shuqi?" "(Confucius) said: "The wise men of ancient times. (Zi Gong also) asked: "Do they have any resentment?" "(Confucius) said: "They sought benevolence and got it, why are they resentful? ” (Zigong) came out and said (to Ran You): “Teacher will not help Wei Jun.” ”

Original Text Confucius said: “If you eat sparingly and drink water, you can rest your head on it with your arms bent, and you will enjoy it.” Being rich and noble without justice is like a floating cloud to me. "

Translation Confucius said: "Eating whole grains, drinking plain water, and bending your arms as a pillow, the fun lies in the middle. Wealth gained through unfair means is like floating clouds in the sky to me. ”

Original text? The Master said: “Give me a few more years and fifty to learn Yi, and there will be no big mistake.” ”

Translation Confucius said: “Give me a few more years to study the Book of Changes at the age of fifty, and then I will be able to make no big mistakes.” ”

The original Wenzi said elegant words, "Poems", "Books", and conducting rituals are all elegant words.

Translation Confucius sometimes spoke elegant words, read "Poems", and recited "Book", the words of praise are all elegant.

Original text Ye Gong asked Confucius, Zilu said: "The woman is not happy, she is angry and forgets to eat. To forget my worries, I don’t know that old age is coming. "

Translation Ye Gong asked Zi Lu what kind of person Confucius was, but Zi Lu didn't answer. Confucius said (to Zi Lu): "Why don't you say something else? He is a man who works hard and forgets to eat. I was so happy that I forgot all my worries, and I didn’t even know that I was getting old, that’s all. ”

Original Text Confucius said: “I am not a person who is born with knowledge, but a person who loves the past and is keen to pursue it. "

Translation Confucius said: "I am not a person born with knowledge, but a person who loves ancient things and seeks knowledge diligently and quickly. ”

Original text: Confucius did not talk about monsters, power, chaos, and gods.

Translation: Confucius did not talk about weirdness, violence, chaos, ghosts and gods.

Original text: Confucius said "When three of us travel together, we must be my teacher." Choose the good ones and follow them, and change the bad ones. ”

Translation Confucius said: “If three people walk together, one of them must be my teacher.” I choose his good qualities to learn from him, and when I see his bad qualities, I use them as a reference to correct my own shortcomings. ”

Original text? The Master said: “I am born with virtue, how can I give it to you? "

Translation Confucius said: "God has given me virtue, what can Huan Miao do to me? ”

Original Text The Master said: “Do the two or three sons think that I am a hidden person?” I have nothing to hide. I have nothing to do but do not cooperate with my two or three sons, this is Qiuye. "

Translation Confucius said: "Students, do you think I have anything to hide from you? I didn't hide anything. There's nothing I don't do with you. I, Confucius, am such a person. ”

The original Wenzi uses four teachings: Wen (1), Conduct (2), Loyalty (3), and Faith (4).

Annotation (1) Wen: literature, ancient books Etc. (2) Behavior: refers to morality, and also refers to social practice. (3) Loyalty: doing one's best to others means being honest. .

Translation: Confucius taught students four things: writing, conduct, loyalty, and trustworthiness.

Original text: Confucius said: "I cannot see the sage!" If you can meet a gentleman, that's fine. Confucius said: "I cannot see a good man!" It's amazing to see that there is permanence. What is lost becomes existence, what is empty becomes abundant, and what is agreed upon becomes peaceful. It is difficult to have eternity. ”

Translation Confucius said: “It is impossible for me to see the sage. I can see the gentleman, and that’s all.” Confucius said again: "I can't see good people anymore. I can see people who are consistent (maintaining good moral character), and that's fine." Pretending to have something when you don’t have it, pretending to be full when you are empty, pretending to be rich when you are poor, it is difficult for such people to have perseverance (maintain good moral character). ”

Original text: Fishing without a hook, and sailing without a target.

Translation: Confucius only uses a fishing rod with one hook to fish, instead of fishing with many hooks. Fishing with a big rope only shoots flying birds, not the birds resting in their nests.

Original text: Master said: "There are people who do it without knowing it, and I am not doing it right." Hear a lot, choose the good ones and follow them, see a lot and know them, this is the second best thing to know. ”

Translation Confucius said: “There is such a person who may not understand anything but create things out of thin air, but I have never done this. Listen more and choose the best ones to learn from; read more and remember them in your heart. This is the second-class wisdom. "

Original text ? It is difficult to talk to each other when we are from each other's hometown. When a boy sees him, his disciples are confused. The Master said: "If you don't advance, why don't you retreat? What's the point? People purify themselves in order to advance, but if they purify themselves, they will not protect their way forward. "

Translation (Confucius believed) It is difficult to talk to people from Huxiang, but a boy from Huxiang was received by Confucius, and the students were puzzled. Confucius said: "I It is to affirm his progress, not to affirm his regression.

Why go overboard? When someone corrects his mistakes in order to make progress, we must ensure that he corrects his mistakes and do not cling to his past. ”

Original text The Master said: “How far is benevolence?” I desire benevolence, and this is the utmost benevolence. "

Translation Confucius said: "Is benevolence far away from us? As long as I want to achieve benevolence, benevolence will come. ”

Original Chen Sibai asked: “Does Duke Zhao know etiquette?” "Confucius said: "Know the propriety. Confucius retreated, bowed his head to the wizard horse and came forward, saying: "I heard that a gentleman is not a party member, is it true that a gentleman is also a party member?" The king took him from Wu and had the same surname, so he called him Wu Meng. You know etiquette, but who doesn’t know etiquette? "Wuma expected to report. Confucius said: "Qiu Ye is lucky. If Gou has made a mistake, others will know it. ”

Translation Chen Sibai asked: “Does Duke Zhao of Lu know etiquette?” Confucius said: "Understand etiquette." " After Confucius came out, Chen Sibai bowed to Wu Maqi, asked him to come closer to him, and said to him: "I heard that a gentleman has no partiality. Does a gentleman still protect others? In the state of Wu, Lord Lu married a woman with the same surname as his wife. She had the same surname as the monarch, and he called her Wu Mencius. If Mr. Lu knows etiquette, who else doesn’t know etiquette? "Wuma Qi told Confucius this sentence. Confucius said: "I am so lucky. If there is a mistake, people will know it. ”

Original text: Confucius sings with others and if he sings well, he must make them do the opposite and then harmonize with them.

Translated text: Confucius sings with others. If he sings well, he must ask him to sing it again. , and then sing with him.

Original Wenzi said: "Wen, don't be a stranger. If I behave like a gentleman, I will not gain anything. "

Translation Confucius said: "As far as book knowledge is concerned, I am probably about the same as others. To be a practical gentleman, I have not yet achieved it. "

Original Wenzi said: "If there is saintliness and benevolence, how dare I? If you never get tired of doing it and never tire of teaching others, you can say that you are done. Gong Xihua said: "Zhengwei's disciples cannot learn." "

Translation Confucius said: "If it comes to sage and benevolence, how dare I be so! However, if you work hard (in the direction of holiness and benevolence) without getting bored, and teach others without getting tired, you can say this. Gong Xihua said: "This is exactly what we can't learn." "

Original text Zi Lu is ill. Please pray. Zi Lu asked: "Are there any? Zilu said to him, "Yes." "诔" (4) says: "Pray to the gods above and below you." ’” The Master said, “Qiu has been praying for a long time. "

Translation Confucius was seriously ill, and Zilu prayed to ghosts and gods. Confucius said: "Is this possible? Zilu said, "Yes." The text of "Xi" says: "Pray to the gods of heaven and earth for you." ’” Confucius said, “I have been praying for a long time. ”

Original Confucius said: “Excessiveness will lead to failure, frugality will lead to solidity.” It is better to be solid than to have no grandchildren. ”

Translation Confucius said: “If you are extravagant, you will be too polite; if you are frugal, you will be shabby.” It is better to be shabby than to be polite.

Original Confucius said: "A gentleman is magnanimous, but a villain is always worried."

Translation Confucius said: "A gentleman is broad-minded, but a villain is always worried."

< p>The original text is gentle but sharp, powerful but not fierce, respectful but peaceful.

Translation Confucius was gentle yet severe, majestic yet ferocious, solemn yet serene.

Confucius

Confucius (551 BC - 479 BC), named Qiu and courtesy name Zhongni, was a native of Zou Yi (now Qufu, Shandong Province) of the state of Lu during the Spring and Autumn Period. The founder of Confucianism and the most famous thinker, politician, and educator in ancient China, he had a profound influence on the development of Chinese thought and culture.

Confucius’s ancestors were originally nobles of the Song Dynasty, but later moved to the State of Lu to avoid the chaos in the palace. Confucius' father was a warrior. Although he was among the nobles, his status was very low. When Confucius was three years old, his father died and he lived a life of poverty with his mother. When Confucius was young, he served as a minor official such as "Commissioner" (managing warehouses) and "Chengtian" (in charge of cattle and sheep husbandry). When Lu Dinggong was appointed, Confucius served as Zhongdu Prime Minister and Da Sikou (in charge of justice, and Situ, Sima and Sikong were tied together), in the twelfth year of Duke Dinggong of Lu (498 BC), Confucius "was appointed by the great minister Kou Xing to take charge of the affairs of the state" and "went to the state affairs with him" ("Historical Records: The Family of Confucius"), and his political career Reached the top. Due to the political disagreement with the Jisun, Shusun and Mengsun families who dominated the power of the Lu State at that time, Confucius left the Lu State and traveled around the world, hoping to realize his political ambitions in other countries. He went to Wei, Song, Chen, Cai, Chu and other countries successively, but was not reused in any of them. In his later years, he returned to the State of Lu and devoted himself to lecturing and sorting out ancient documents. He edited and deleted the Book of Songs, the Book of Documents, etc., and deleted and revised them based on the "Spring and Autumn Annals" recorded by the historians of the State of Lu, making it China's first chronological historical work. . Confucius gave lectures to as many as 3,000 students, among whom 72 were famous.

The Analects of Confucius

The Analects of Confucius was written during the Spring and Autumn Period and the Warring States Period. It was recorded and compiled by Confucius's students and his students who re-transmitted it. By the Han Dynasty, there were three versions of the Analects circulating: "The Analects of Lu" (20 chapters), "The Analects of Qi" (22 chapters), and "The Analects of Ancient Chinese" (21 chapters). At the end of the Eastern Han Dynasty, Zheng Xuan used the Analects of Lu as the base, compiled a new edition with reference to the Analects of Qi and the Analects of Ancient Chinese, and added annotations. After Zheng Xuan's annotations were circulated, "The Analects of Qi" and "The Analects of Ancient Chinese" were gradually lost.

The main versions of the annotations of "The Analects" in subsequent dynasties include: "The Analects of Confucius" by He Yan in the Three Kingdoms period, "The Analects of Confucius" by Huang Kan of Liang Dynasty in the Southern and Northern Dynasties, "Analects of Confucius" by Xing Yan in the Song Dynasty, Zhu Xi's "Analects of Confucius" in the Qing Dynasty Liu Baonan's "The Analects of Confucius" and so on.

The Analects of Confucius involves many aspects such as philosophy, politics, economics, education, literature and art, etc. It is very rich in content and is the most important classic of Confucianism. In terms of expression, the language of "The Analects" is concise and vivid, making it a model of quotation-style prose. In terms of arrangement, "The Analects" does not have a strict compilation style. Each article is a chapter, and chapters are collected into chapters. There is no close connection between chapters and chapters, but they are roughly classified, and there are repeated chapters.

About the author

The Analects of Confucius is one of the classic works of Confucianism, compiled by Confucius’s disciples and his disciples. It is mainly composed of quotations and dialogues, recording the words and deeds of Confucius and his disciples, and embodies Confucius' political opinions, theoretical thoughts, moral concepts and educational principles.

Together with "The Great Learning", "The Doctrine of the Mean", "Mencius", "The Book of Songs", "The Book of Documents", "The Book of Rites", "The Book of Changes" and "The Spring and Autumn Annals", they are also called the "Four Books and Five Classics".

***Twenty chapters of the popular version of "The Analects"