In the entertainment circle, it is a well-deserved IP giant, and no work can beat it;
In the folk history forum, it will always be the center of the topic;
In the field of literary research, it is a brilliant page;
In the eyes of China people, it is a well-known masterpiece, handed down from generation to generation.
In Japan, there is also a masterpiece of this kind, which is also a household name, and that is the story of Heijia. It and Tale of Genji are called two national treasures of Japan, which complement each other.
Tale of Genji constructs a lingering love story and a luxurious and decadent aristocratic court life with delicate brushwork.
The Story of the Pingjia Family tells the whole story of the rate at which the Pingjia family turned from prosperity to decline, and opens a grand chapter of Japan's "military story".
In Japan, there are two periods that are praised by the world.
On the model of confrontation force;
During the Warring States period, it was an era of hegemony. For example, during the Three Kingdoms period in China, besides Cao Cao, Liu Bei and Sun Quan, Yuan Shao, Liu Biao, Gongsun Zan and other forces were struggling.
Then, the Heian period described in The Tale of Ping is a contest between Genji and Ping, which can be regarded as the Japanese version of "Chu and Han contending for hegemony".
The story of Ping Jia was written about1201-1221year earlier than the romance of the Three Kingdoms, which was equivalent to the Jiading period in the Southern Song Dynasty. Although the times and cultural background are very different, it is comparable as a military discipline. After all, Japan is a country that is good at absorbing foreign cultures. Tale of Pingjia is composed of three languages: Chinese, ancient Japanese and Sanskrit, in which 24 poems and allusions are quoted 124, and 52 China allusions are included, including The Book of Rites, Zhouyi, Lu Chunqiu, Historical Records, Hanshu and Zhenguan Dignitary. Among them, Bai Juyi's poems are widely quoted, and there are many characters in the book, such as Qin Shihuang, Han Gaozu, Han Wudi and Yang Guifei.
The Romance of the Three Kingdoms, as the earliest novel in China, was created by Luo Guanzhong through artistic adaptation with a large number of official history, unofficial history and folk songs, and tells the story of war stories, where the world fell apart and dynasties changed under the background of the Yellow turban insurrectionary uprising at the end of the Eastern Han Dynasty.
The Tale of the Ping Family has the same effect as the former, and it is also the material accumulated by the above means. It depicts the whole picture of the rise and fall of the Ping family in the wrestling process between the two original families in the last years of Heian, from the Heian period when nobles fell out of power and samurai looked up, to the Kamakura period when warriors stepped onto the historical stage. Heian period, which lasted for more than 400 years, ended, the aristocratic era ended and the shogunate era began.
Historical novels follow the historical environment and basic trend, and have their own artistic processing to add interest, so that they are not as rigid and rigid as history books. It does not stick to history, combines reality and presents the deep-seated reasons of historical causes and trends in the form of stories.
Describe carefully:
In the Romance of the Three Kingdoms, Cao Cao famously said, "I would rather teach me to be negative to the world than to teach the world to be negative to me".
The author studied the process of Cao Cao's killing Lv Boshe in detail and vividly described the heroic image of a generation. In a short sentence, it perfectly shapes a character without losing historical authenticity, making the reader silent in the aftertaste, greatly reducing his guilt of killing innocent people, and giving people the impression that those who achieve great things are informal.
There is also a famous saying in the Tale of Pingjia, which was said by Taoist Ping Qingsheng, who is in power in the ruling and opposition parties. "If you don't enter Pingjia, you won't be a man."
When Pingqingsheng was alive, the Pingjia family broke through the pattern of ruling state affairs for centuries, and Genji's glory and power reached an unprecedented peak. Many officials and capable people flocked to the front door, and the traffic was endless. This sentence not only appropriately describes the power and position of the Ping family in North Korea at that time, but also profoundly shows the calm, prosperous and violent character of the Ping family. It is also his character, which has planted the seeds of decline for Pingjia.
Finally, after his death, Pingjia gradually declined, step by step towards the tragic situation of the whole family being killed.
Add story:
As we all know, there are many purely fictional stories in The Romance of the Three Kingdoms, the most famous of which is "Three Britain vs. Lu Bu".
In the book, the author sympathizes with the Han family everywhere, trying to shape Liu Bei's personality charm and fictional this struggle. On the one hand, Liu regards his brother as a flaunt; On the other hand, it shows that Lu Bu is skilled in martial arts. At the same time, through Zhang Fei's mouth, he shouted "three surnames are slaves", belittling each other's moral value and making it in sharp contrast with Taoyuan Sanjieyi.
In Japanese history, the Lugu conspiracy was caused by the attempts of various monasteries to seize sacred land, and then it evolved into a full-scale conflict between the imperial court and Liyan Temple. After Fujiwara got married, he conspired to go to Huangfa (Huangfa is equivalent to the Emperor's father, who became a monk automatically in Zen, but has the same status as the emperor) in an attempt to eradicate the Ping clan, and was later exiled by spies. Then he invented the "bonfire incident".
In order to prevent trouble and light a bonfire, Ping Qingsheng immediately called 8,000 military forces and surrounded Kyoto, intending to attack the French Palace. Following Confucianism and Taoism, I came here in time, knowing that my father was only trying to shock the French emperor, and quoted the allusion of "Zhou Youwang's bonfire drama princes" to persuade my father. Ping Qingsheng walked down the steps and gave up.
Later, he quoted Kong Anguo's Preface to Filial Piety in the Han Dynasty and said: "Although you are not a gentleman, you must be a minister; Although the father is not the father, the son cannot be childless. "
The French emperor plotted to eradicate the humerus of the imperial court first, and Ping Qingsheng took the opportunity to retaliate against his superiors and the latter. Fair speech puts itself at the highest point of loyalty and filial piety and shapes the image of a saint.
One of the authors (the author of the first six volumes, surnamed President, whose name is unknown) is an old aristocrat, and his views on this book are the same as those of The Romance of the Three Kingdoms, standing on the rout side. The difference is that the author mercilessly refutes Ping's arrogance and violence, but deeply sympathizes with and regrets Ping's family.
Ping Zhongsheng, as the only person in the Ping family with Confucian style, was expected to reconcile the relationship between Yuan and Ping family, maintain the prosperity of Ping family and avoid or slow down its decline after inheriting his father's business. However, history is ruthless, and Ping Chongsheng, an important figure with deep roots with Yuan Ping, reached bliss before his father.
Historical exaggeration
The number of opponents in the election campaign has always been the main political means for countries to render their strength. This situation is a dime a dozen, not only in China, but all over the world. Especially in Israel and Vietnam. The battles in Israeli history books have risen to tens of millions or hundreds of millions; On the other hand, Vietnam is even more terrible. The biggest battle, the strength of both sides reached 4.5 billion. Yes, it is 4.5 billion people!
The most famous "Battle of Red Cliffs" in The Romance of the Three Kingdoms, known as "800,000 troops", is controversial. There are different opinions about actual strength, so I won't list them here.
The exploits of ancient soldiers in China depended on the number of enemy heads. In order to increase the reward, it is not uncommon for the army to falsely report its exploits. The ancient Japanese military exploits system followed the ancient China, so this situation also existed.
According to exquisite textual research, the biggest war in ancient Japan was the "Ren Ying Uprising" in Muromachi shogunate era. Nishikawa Katsumoto ordered the famous people in the world to crusade against famous people and established an army of160,000. The 110,000 soldiers and horses sent by Fangshan are famous for fighting. The two sides totaled 270,000.
If we say a specific single battle, we should count the "Battle of the Imperial Garden" in Japan during the Warring States Period, with more than 80,000 people on the western front and more than 70,000 people on the eastern front, totaling nearly160,000 people.
The Heian period was earlier than the Muromachi shogunate and the Warring States period, when the total population of the whole country was slightly lower than that of Xixia in the same period. At that time, the total population of Xixia was about 3 million.
However, there are not a few battles involving a total force of more than100000 in Pingjia Biography.
In the Battle of Fujikawa, Yuanjia, who was in a weak position, called 200,000 soldiers, while Pingjia had only "70,000 people". The remaining battles of more than 100,000 soldiers participating in the war are even more numerous.
Of course, there are exaggerated elements in it, but when Pingjia was defeated, she was killed. The author is telling the truth. At that time, the population of Japan was "only eleven".
It's time for war. Don't kill women. Thirdly, the most heinous crime is that the harem was exiled. Among the remaining tenth of the population, women account for the majority. It can be seen that the terrible degree of war is no less than Zhao after the battle of Changping.
Myths and legends
There are three immortals in The Romance of the Three Kingdoms, namely, South China Old Fairy, Zuo Ci and Yuji.
Full of myth, it has always been the characteristic of China traditional culture. Although the cultural styles of the East and the West are quite different, the purpose and significance of the myth are the same. Whether it is the rendering of reality or the creation of fantasy, it has built the psychological cornerstone of a nation and reflected the inner real world.
At that time, influenced by foreign cultures (mainly Sui and Tang Dynasties), Japan deeply admired Buddhism introduced from Tianzhu via China, and gave orders to the court, especially "Xian Zong" and "Tantric Sect". Buddhist culture thrives on this isolated island. Until today, Japanese monks still enjoy a high status, and temples, like cherry blossoms, are scattered all over Japan.
Therefore, anecdotes, ghosts and gods, and dream rendering abound in the book.
Theme elaboration
The Yangtze River flows eastward, and the waves wash away heroes. Whether it is right and wrong or failure, it is empty now and has disappeared with the passage of time. Castle Peak still exists, the sun still rises and the sunset still sets. The white-haired hermit by the river has long been used to the changes of time. I met an old friend and had a drink. How many things in the past and how many times have been put into the conversation.
At the beginning of Romance of the Three Kingdoms, Luo Guanzhong quoted Yang Shen's words and said in the third paragraph of Tanci in the 21st Century that the opening word of Qin and Han Dynasties was "Linjiang Fairy", which was of far-reaching significance.
Searching for eternal value in the rush and precipitation of the long river of history, searching for profound philosophy of life between success and failure, has a sense of ups and downs of history and life, reflecting noble sentiments and broad-minded mind. In the ruthless history, it seems to hear the sigh of history; So, look for the eternal value of life in a sigh.
As Japan, which is good at absorbing foreign cultural materials, the opening of The Tale of the Ping Family is equally wonderful.
The bell of the exquisite house in the garden rings the wonderful truth of impermanence; The patterns and colors of these two trees indicate that the winner will decline. Those who are arrogant and extravagant will not last long, just like a dream on a spring night; Violent people will perish like dust before the wind.
In Tianzhu, Jingshe Garden is the northern missionary center of Buddha. There is an "impermanence courtyard" with a big clock around it. The bell seems to be telling four lines of Nirvana Sutra. "Everything is impermanent, this is the method of life and death. Life and death make people, and silence is better than sound. "
The second sentence corresponds to the twin trees in Borneo. According to legend, when Sakyamuni was in nirvana, there were two Borneo trees in the east, west, north and south, both of which were withered and glorious, representing eight meanings: constancy and impermanence, joy and no joy, self and no self, and purity and no purity.
The theme of "constancy and impermanence" runs through the book. The last two sentences mean that Pingjia has turned from prosperity to decline. It reflects the characteristics of the times of the beauty of "material decline" and "death" in Japanese culture at that time.
As we all know, the Japanese love cherry blossoms; As we all know, they only like the moment when the petals fall when the spring breeze blows. Japan is located at the junction of the Eurasian plate and the Pacific plate, with frequent volcanoes, which is really hard to prevent. Over time, there is a sigh of impermanence.
The story of Pingjia is based on the theme of "constancy and impermanence" and "prosperity and decline".
Overall structure
Both works are word of mouth, polished by many people, and finally sorted into words to form a novel.
The Romance of the Three Kingdoms was compiled by Luo Guanzhong, whose writing and foreshadowing echo are relatively unified.
However, the story of Pings is different. The first six volumes were written by the president of Xinbo (Xinbo is the country name, Xinbo is the official name and the president is the surname), and the last seven volumes were compiled by many people, most of which are unknown. So the differences between the first six volumes and the last seven volumes in writing style and narrative style are inevitable.
However, as a novel, the images of Liu Bei, Cao Cao, Zhuge Liang and others were created too successfully, which led to Zhuge Liang's death. The author does not want to report from the perspective of Sima Yi. Moreover, Shu is weak, and Jiang Wei is not competent for the inheritance of the core figures, which greatly reduces the plot of the novel.
The Story of the Ping Family keeps the readability of the story well. The first six volumes are the prosperity of Pingjia, which is dominated by the game between imperial power and politics, and the last seven volumes are the decline of Pingjia, which is dominated by war descriptions and tells the story of Pingjia's decline.
Description of war
The fighting of thousands of troops, one-on-one fighting and the deduction of military strategy dominated the war picture of the Romance of the Three Kingdoms. During the war, the author used a lot of pen and ink to render and portray heroes with distinctive personalities, which was talked about by later generations.
The last seven volumes of Ping Family Biography also greatly exaggerated the battle. There are not only two armies fighting, but also samurai fighting, and there are more military strategies.
The difference is that Romance of the Three Kingdoms focuses on the process of fighting, while Pinghua is more inclined to the suffering caused by war.
In addition, "Battle of Guandu", "Battle of Red Cliffs" and "Battle of Yiling", as classic battles, are the highlights of the novel, and they are elaborated in more space.
The highlight of the Heian period, "Bao Yuan Rebellion" and "Ping Rebellion" were touched by the author with little pen and ink, focusing more on Ping Zhongsheng's successful career and his son's arrogance after Ping Qingsheng reached the peak of power.
At the same time, in the details of the war, both works highlight the creation of heroes. Romance of the Three Kingdoms exaggerates and depicts the wisdom of civil servants and the courage of military commanders. The story of Pingjia also presents a series of unknown warriors in a three-dimensional way. These unknown warriors are now household names in Japan. It can be seen that his works depict the characters profoundly and have a great influence.
Macro and micro
Unfortunately, there are not many female roles in Romance of the Three Kingdoms, and most of them are wives and concubines of masters and officials. War is a battlefield where men bleed and a pool where women cry. China's history books are dominated by men, and the author's material mining is limited. However, it would be perfect to add fictional female characters and enrich the cruelty of war with sad tears.
Although the status of Japanese women is not high, there were many female characters in the past, such as silent Yi Shi, Yamato's story, Bamboo's story, Wadi's story and Genji's story. Before the story of a peaceful family was born, Japanese novels were mainly about love stories between men and women.
This is an inherent cultural feature of Japan, and if we compare the two novels with the number of female characters, it will inevitably be far-fetched. However, it is undeniable that Pingjia's story pays more attention to side details and reflects the cruelty of war with subtle trivial matters. This is not in the Romance of the Three Kingdoms.
From a macro point of view, The Romance of the Three Kingdoms deserves its wonderful description of the war. From the microscopic point of view, it is obvious that the story of Pingjia has a better understanding of the war.
Bypass syndrome
The Romance of the Three Kingdoms quotes the History of the Three Kingdoms in large numbers, and there are many distinctive artistic creations, especially Guo Jia's theory of "ten wins and ten losses", which makes Guo Jia, who died young, become a tragic hero, which is really regrettable.
Then in The Legend of Ping Family, this aspect is inferior. Japanese culture is good at absorbing foreign materials, but when it is integrated into local culture, it tries to keep a distance from it to avoid becoming a "shadow" and "follower" of other countries.
Heian period and Japanese native cultures have not been formed and perfected, and even Buddhism was introduced from China. Therefore, in terms of quotation, it is mostly quoted from ancient China allusions, from the Spring and Autumn Period and the Warring States Period to the prosperous Tang Dynasty. There are not only official history, but also unofficial history, and there are many wrong historical materials, which is somewhat regrettable.
However, whether it is correct or incorrect, stories can be introduced appropriately. There is no stiff, biased feeling or discomfort, which is also a clever integration.
The parallel prose in The Story of Pingjia is influenced by a large number of ancient cultures in China, with gorgeous words and beautiful rhymes, which are close to the traditional culture of China, but it also covers Japanese local characteristics such as Golden Boy and Wako, as well as Buddhist lyrics. It can really be said that a hundred flowers are blooming and colorful.
It combines three different cultures and forms a unique writing style. As a war novel, its position in Japan is equivalent to that of Romance of the Three Kingdoms in the hearts of Chinese people.
Both works are in the form of novels, which show the heroic deeds of a certain historical period to future generations through artistic processing, and stimulate ordinary people's interest in history by reading novels. And in the field of literature, it has also made great achievements.
The style of quoting classics in Romance of the Three Kingdoms has a great influence on later generations. The "military story" initiated by "The Story of the Peace Family" also swept away the pattern of love between men and women in Japanese literature and created a new era of Japanese "military story".