Theodore Roosevelt (Jr., known as Roosevelt, nicknamed Teddy, October 27, 1858 - January 6, 1919), American military strategist and politician , the 26th President (1901-1909). He served as Deputy Secretary of the Navy and was elected Vice President in 1900. In 1901, President William McKinley was assassinated by an anarchist. He succeeded him as President of the United States at the age of 42, making him the youngest sitting president in American history. His unique personality and reformist policies made him one of the greatest presidents in American history. During his presidential term, his main contribution to the country was the establishment of resource protection policies, which protected forests, minerals, oil and other resources; the establishment of the Fair Trade Act and the promotion of labor reconciliation. Externally, it pursues the Monroe Doctrine, implements expansionary policies, builds a strong army, and intervenes in American affairs. Theodore Roosevelt launched the "progressivism" movement. They advocate using the power of the federal government to reform the current order and bring American society back to harmony. They regard antitrust as the main content of reform. Theodore Roosevelt's reform concept was to adjust the relationship between property and public welfare, and to put public welfare again before personal property, that is, development. In his view, this is the main purpose of rebuilding social harmony. Theodore Roosevelt said, "We are faced with a new view of property on human welfare... There are those who mistakenly believe that all human rights are secondary to profit. Such people must now give their support to those who safeguard human welfare. The people gave in. The property owned by everyone must be subject to the overall rights of society, and the extent of its use shall be determined according to the requirements of public welfare.” Under the guidance of this concept, Theodore Roosevelt began the anti-monopoly struggle. He pointed the finger at Morgan's railroad holding company, Northern Securities Company, and sued it. He forced a coal mine to accept government mediation for a strike, the first time the federal government had supported an organized strike. These actions of Theodore Roosevelt were praised by the people, and he gained the reputation of "Trust Blaster". But he also came under attack from conservatives, with political boss Mark Hanna, the man who created the 1896 president calling him a "damn cowboy." Wall Street was "dumbfounded" by his "fall." Theodore Roosevelt's reforms caused a split in the Democratic Party. Conservatives firmly opposed his reforms. He himself quit the Democratic Party and formed the Progressive Party to participate in the presidential election. He won the 1906 Nobel Peace Prize for his successful mediation in the Russo-Japanese War, the first American to win this award. During the mediation process, he was keenly aware of the potential threat posed by the newly rising Japan to the United States, and realized that the Panama Canal not only had economic value to the United States, but also enabled the U.S. naval fleet to move more quickly between the Pacific and Atlantic Oceans, which was of great importance. military strategic significance. Therefore, he pushed hard to promote the Panama Canal project during his tenure and regarded it as his greatest achievement. After he left office in 1912, he had disagreements with the Democratic Party, so he left the Democratic Party and ran for president on behalf of the Progressive Party in an attempt to make a comeback, but was defeated by Woodrow Wilson, the candidate of the Democratic Party of the United States. Quit politics. His fifth nephew, Franklin Delano Roosevelt, would later be elected President of the United States. His works include "Letter to Children", "Victory in the West", "Naval Battle in the War of 1812", etc.

1. Childhood

On October 28, 1858, Theodore Roosevelt was born in New York City, the son of Theodore Roosevelt Sr. and Martha (Metty) Bush. Locke's second child has four siblings. His father is a banker. The Roosevelt family has lived here since the 17th century. After the American Revolution, they entered the business class. In the 18th century, wealth was accumulated from import and export trade. Theodore Roosevelt was sickly as a child and suffered from asthma. Despite his frail health, he loved the outdoors and was particularly interested in zoology.

In order to avoid being bullied by other children, his father forced him to train physically and learn boxing.

2. Youth

In terms of academic performance, history, biology, German and French were Roosevelt’s strengths, while mathematics, Latin and Greek were not as strong. In 1876, Roosevelt entered Harvard University. After his father died in 1878, he worked harder in all aspects. Roosevelt excelled in science, philosophy, and rhetoric. He has a keen interest in biology and has achieved modest success. Roosevelt developed a prolific reading habit, had a prodigious memory, and was a great talker. At Harvard, he was an active member of clubs and was keen on various sports activities. When he graduated, the medical examiner told him he should get a desk job because he had heart problems. But he ignored doctors' warnings and still enjoyed strenuous exercise. In 1880, Roosevelt graduated from Harvard and entered Columbia University Law School. In 1881, he published his first official book, "Naval Battle in the War of 1812," which became a required course material at the U.S. Naval Academy. In 1881 he was offered a seat in the New York State House of Commons, so he dropped out of law school and began a career in public service. In the New York State House of Commons, Roosevelt was an active figure in the Democratic Party. In 1884 he participated in the National Congress of the Communist Party of China and the Party. In 1880, Roosevelt married Alice Hathaway Lee, the daughter of a banker. Four years later, Alice gave birth to a baby girl, but unfortunately died two days after delivery; on the same day, Roosevelt's mother also died. From then on he never mentioned his first wife again. He entrusted his daughter to his eldest sister to raise, and he went to Dakota to live a herding life. This experience cast a shadow on the father-daughter relationship. On the ranch in North Dakota, Roosevelt learned cowboy skills such as horseback riding. In his spare time he participates in boxing matches. For a time, he served as acting police sergeant, hunting down thieves. The severe winter of 1886-1887 wiped out the ranch's livestock, and he was forced to return east. In 1886, Roosevelt ran for mayor of New York as a candidate of the Democratic Party and ranked third in the vote, far behind his opponent. After the election, he went to London, married his childhood sweetheart, Edith Carell, and had four sons and one daughter. During his honeymoon in Europe, Roosevelt climbed Mont Blanc. The expedition he led was the third team in history to reach the summit. This achievement led to his being admitted as a member of the Royal Society. In the 1880s, Roosevelt achieved great success as a historian. His book "Naval Battle in the War of 1812" became a textbook for two generations. The four-volume tome "The Winning of the West" on the history of western development is also his representative work and has an important influence on the history of history. His lucrative writing for major magazines also made him famous as an intellectual. Later, Roosevelt was elected president of the American Historical Association.

3. Public Service

During the 1888 presidential election, Roosevelt campaigned for Benjamin Harrison in the Midwest. After Harrison was elected president, he appointed Roosevelt to the United States Civil Service Bureau. Harrison was defeated in the 1892 election, but President-elect Grover Cleveland retained him in office, even though Roosevelt was a supporter of the former president. In 1895, Roosevelt became New York City Police Chief. He held the post for two years and implemented drastic changes to the police department's operations. The New York police force was very corrupt at that time, and Roosevelt took drastic measures: regular inspections of firefighting facilities; annual physical fitness tests for police officers; recruiting new police officers strictly based on physical and intellectual standards rather than political connections; recruiting minority and female police officers ;Closing police-run business facilities that lead to corruption; Installing telephones in all precincts, etc. Roosevelt was fascinated by the navy and the history of naval warfare since he was a child. Both of his uncles served in the Confederate Navy during the Civil War. Roosevelt met U.S. Navy Captain Mahan in 1880. The latter published "The Influence of Sea Power on History from 1660 to 1783" in 1890, which studied the relationship between sea control and the rise and fall of great powers. The idea of ??sea power supremacy profoundly affected the Leaders of various countries also strengthened Roosevelt's belief that only by drastically expanding naval power could he be on an equal footing with the European powers.

In 1897, President William McKinley appointed him Deputy Secretary of the Navy. Secretary of the Navy John Long claimed to be ill for a long time and ignored political affairs. McKinley was also not interested in the navy, which led to Roosevelt monopolizing power. He is committed to modernizing the Navy and vigorously promoting U.S. shipbuilding capabilities. His work provided excellent strategic preparation for the future Spanish-American War. On February 15, 1898, the USS Maine was sunk in Havana Harbor. Roosevelt believed that a God-given opportunity had arrived to expel Spanish power from Cuba and the Philippines, although McKinley had no such ambition. The tenth day after this incident occurred was Friday afternoon. John Long was temporarily absent from the office for some reason. Roosevelt stepped in and issued a war readiness order to the commander of the Navy's Caribbean Fleet and the fleet anchored in Hong Kong. Minister Long later had no intention of pursuing this overstep of authority. On April 25, the U.S. Congress declared war on Spain, and the Spanish-American War broke out. The two main fleets of the U.S. Navy were already ready to go. It was time for Roosevelt to show off his skills. The U.S. Navy achieved decisive victories in Manila Bay and Santiago de Cuba, completely destroying the Spanish ocean fleet. From then on, Spain was reduced to a minor player among the great powers. Not content to watch the battle from behind, Roosevelt resigned from his civilian job in the Navy Department and formed a regiment that included old cowboy friends from the west and old Ivy League alumni from the east, known as the First U.S. Volunteer Cavalry Brigade, with the rank of lieutenant colonel and later promoted to colonel. Although billed as a cavalryman, Roosevelt was the only man in the unit who could ride a horse. In two battles in Cuba in 1897, the brigade achieved outstanding results. In 2001, Congress posthumously awarded him the Medal of Honor. After returning from Cuba, Roosevelt entered New York politics again and was elected governor in 1898. In the 1900 election, the Democratic Party selected him as McKinley's vice presidential candidate. McKinley won the election, and Roosevelt followed him into the White House. However, the idle job of vice president was obviously very boring for someone like Roosevelt. During this period, his most impressive move was to utter a famous quote in a speech that expressed his style of conduct: "A gentle word is in his mouth, but a big stick is in his hand."

4. The President During his tenure

On September 6, 1901, President McKinley was assassinated by an anarchist and died on September 14. Roosevelt became the youngest president in American history. He retained the former president's cabinet and basic policies during his first term. After being re-elected in 1904, his political leanings began to shift to the left. 1. Mediate coal mine strikes In 1902, the United Mine Workers of America launched a coal miners' strike, threatening the city's heating fuel supply and triggering a national crisis. Roosevelt convened a meeting of mine owners and labor leaders at the White House and reached a compromise, shortening working hours from 10 hours to 9 hours a day, and giving workers a 10% pay increase, ending the 163-day strike. 2. Fair dealing In 1901, in Roosevelt's first speech to Congress, he asked Congress to legislate to put reasonable restrictions on the business activities of trusts. Congress took no action, but Roosevelt initiated 44 legal actions against large corporations, earning him the nickname "The Trust Tamer." During the 1904 presidential election, Roosevelt's main opponent in politics and the party died of illness, allowing him to easily obtain the party nomination and win the election. 3. Industrial Standardization At the beginning of the 20th century, railways were regarded as a powerful force. Roosevelt believed that the government should strengthen the supervision and regulation of railway transportation and interstate trade, which led Congress to pass the Hepburn Act in 1906, which authorized the Interstate Commerce Commission to set a ceiling on railway freight rates and also prohibited railway companies from transporting goods for free for related companies. . At the time, no one anticipated the challenges posed to railroads by the booming automobile industry in the future, and the act provided a degree of protection for consumers and commercial enterprises. In the same year, he also pushed Congress to pass the Food and Drug Purity Act and the Meat Products Inspection Act to inspect livestock and meat processing companies and implement mandatory health standards. Congress amended the act to prevent sub-hygienic products from small slaughterhouses from damaging export and domestic markets. 4. Environmental Protection Roosevelt was the first president to have long-term considerations for environmental protection and gained widespread support among hunters and fishermen.

On March 14, 1904, he established the first National Bird Refuge in Florida, which was also the prototype of the wildlife refuge system. In 1905, he urged Congress to establish the U.S. Forest Service to manage national forests and lands. Roosevelt established more national parks and protected areas than all his predecessors combined, a total of 194 million acres. The world-famous Grand Canyon National Park is one of them. He frequently writes for Outdoor Life magazine, outlining nature conservation concepts and reporting on the progress of national parks. He wrote in an article: "Our development is closely related to the resource protection of permanent wealth." He is not an extreme environmentalist and believes that natural resources should be used effectively to avoid waste. In 1906, Roosevelt convened a national conference of governors at the White House to discuss the effective planning, analysis, and use of water, forests, and other natural resources. 5. Foreign policy: The Roosevelt administration was very active in diplomacy. In Cuba, Puerto Rico, the Philippines, and the Panama Canal Zone, he used military medical departments to establish public health systems. He built local infrastructure through the military. Roosevelt dramatically expanded the size of the U.S. Navy. In 1902, the Venezuelan government had financial problems and refused to pay its foreign debt. European countries dispatched navies to blockade its seaports, and the Venezuelan crisis broke out. The U.S. government followed the Monroe Doctrine and warned European countries not to interfere in the affairs of the Western Hemisphere. Roosevelt ordered the U.S. Navy to patrol Venezuelan waters. Roosevelt launched a more aggressive "Roosevelt Policy" in 1904: In order to prevent third parties from taking actions in Latin America, the United States must maintain order in the Western Hemisphere on its own. If a country misbehaves, the United States has the right to intervene militarily. The Russo-Japanese War began in 1905, and the Japanese army and navy were defeated by the weak. Although Roosevelt was uneasy about Tsarist Russia's ambitions in the Far East and admired the combat effectiveness of the Japanese army, he was not willing to let Japan dominate the Far East. Roosevelt convened representatives from both countries for peace talks in Portsmouth, New Hampshire. Fascinated by his role as mediator, he cajoled and intimidated the two countries into signing the Treaty of Portsmouth. Roosevelt gained great international reputation and won the 1906 Nobel Peace Prize. Later, he arbitrated the division of power between Germany and France in Morocco. Some historians believe that these two actions by Roosevelt went some way to averting a world war. ① Panama Canal Roosevelt’s most notable diplomatic achievement was the construction of the Panama Canal, which shortened the waterway between New York and San Francisco by 8,000 miles (approximately 14,000 kilometers). At that time, Panama was a province of Colombia. Colombia competes with Nicaragua for canal site. In 1902, Colombia negotiated a treaty with the U.S. government, whereby the United States paid for the purchase of equipment for the Panama Canal project from France. In 1881, France made a failed attempt in Panama. After the treaty was signed, trouble arose during the approval process by the Colombian Senate. The Colombian Senate's asking price was $10 million higher than the treaty. The U.S. government refused to renegotiate the price, so Colombian politicians proposed a new proposal to kick out the French company as a third party in the treaty and pay the remaining balance to Colombia. The Colombian Senate was treacherous in its negotiations, and Roosevelt was disgusted by the deception of the French company. In 1903, Roosevelt made the final decision to support Panama's independence out of consideration for the interests of the Panama Canal. The War of Independence lasted only a few hours, and the Colombian soldiers laid down their weapons after accepting a bribe of $50 each. On November 3, 1903, the Republic of Panama was born, using the constitution drafted in advance by the United States. Soon, the United States signed a treaty with Panama and owned the right to develop and use the Panama Canal for a price of 10 million U.S. dollars. The canal project started in 1904 and was completed in 1914. ② Ocean Fleet and Far East Policy At the end of Roosevelt’s second term, he dispatched a fleet of 16 most advanced warships to circle the earth. The voyage began on December 16, 1907 and ended on February 22, 1909. Roosevelt showed the world that the U.S. Navy was capable of taking on the world stage. This voyage had a subtle impact on the increasingly tense relations between Japan and the United States.

After the Imperial Japanese Navy defeated the Tsar's fleet in the Russo-Japanese War, the U.S. Navy appeared weak in the Pacific. Roosevelt skillfully asserted U.S. naval control of the region. Roosevelt's naval strategy earned the United States respect among the great powers. On December 3, 1907, in his annual consultation, Roosevelt asked Congress to authorize the reduction and cancellation of the excess of the Boxer Indemnity in excess of actual losses, and use the excess to fund education in China and the expenses of students studying in the United States. In 1908, the United States returned half of the Boxer Reparations to China. Part of it was used to open Tsinghua Preparatory School for Studying in the United States, the predecessor of Tsinghua University. After Tsinghua University was established, a gymnasium was named Roosevelt Memorial Gymnasium. 6. The White House Years: Roosevelt remained true to himself after entering the White House. He likes to take friends and even cabinet officials on wilderness hikes, boxing in the White House, playing with children, reading aloud, etc. A boxing practice in 1908 left him permanently blind in his left eye. He was energetic and enthusiastic about many affairs, so much so that the ambassador of a certain country said helplessly, "Remember, the president is like a six-year-old child." Roosevelt once tried to promote the English spelling reform program, forcing the new pinyin in government documents, and Ordered the government printing agency to adopt a new script. Even the president’s official documents on Panama Canal affairs used the new pinyin. The New York World's Thanksgiving announcement in the new pinyin: When nerly three centuries ago, the first settlers kam to the kuntry which has bekom this great republik, tha faced not only hardship and privashun, but terible risk of thar lives...The kustum has now bekum nashnul and hallowed by immemorial usaj. This reform caused great trouble to the public, and he was finally forced to withdraw his life. This move provided a lot of humorous topics for the public. Roosevelt's daughter Alice (Alice Roosevelt Longworth) is a distinctive and controversial figure. Friends sometimes advised him to control his daughter, but he said: "I can be the president of the United States, and I can also take care of Alice, but I really can't do two things at the same time." Like father, like daughter, Alice described it harshly Her father loved to be in the limelight and "wanted to be the bride at every wedding and the corpse at every funeral." 7. Precedent set Roosevelt set many precedents during his presidency. In 1901, a black man (Booker T. Washington) was invited to dinner at the White House for the first time; Oscar S. Straus became the first Jew to be appointed as a cabinet minister; after McKinley was assassinated, Roosevelt became the first to accept the Secret Service He is the first president to wear a tie in official presidential portraits, and it has since become the attire convention for U.S. presidential portraits; he is the first president to succeed from the vice president and win re-election in the next election who. In 1906, Roosevelt became the first American to win the Nobel Peace Prize. In the same year, he inspected the Panama Canal Zone, setting a precedent for a sitting president to visit a foreign country. 8. New member states of the Union During Roosevelt’s term, Oklahoma joined the Union. The Indian reservations included in Oklahoma attempted to join separately as the Sequoyah state. In 1906, Congress passed an act that admitted Oklahoma and Indian Territory to the Union as a state. At the same time, it was ruled that Arizona and New Mexico would join as one state. But this part of the bill was rejected by the people of these two states.

5. After leaving office

1. Travel in Africa Shortly after completing his second term as president, Roosevelt went on an expedition to Africa in March 1909. The trip, sponsored by the Smithsonian Institution and the National Geographic Society, attracted worldwide media attention.

The accompanying team included many scientists from the Smithsonian Institution, and they captured 11,397 species of animals, ranging from insects to hippos and elephants. Of these, 512 were hunted and 262 species were eaten. They even captured the rare white rhinoceros. A large number of animals were taxidermied and shipped to Washington. The number of specimens was so huge that just loading them took a year. Roosevelt laughed at himself: "If the existence of the National Museum, the American Museum of Natural History, and similar animal research institutions can be condemned, I can be condemned." He was very excited about this scientific expedition and wrote a detailed diary. 2. Fighting against the Communist Party and the Communist Party. In 1908, Roosevelt believed that Secretary of Defense William Taft was the heir to his progressive ideas and strongly recommended Taft as a presidential candidate. However, Taft had his own version of progressivism, believing that justice should be judged by judges rather than administrators or politicians, in other words, focusing on the rule of law. Taft was not a clever and flexible politician, nor was he as energetic and cheerful as Roosevelt, nor did he have the public support and close followers of Roosevelt. When Roosevelt realized that lowering import tariffs could cause tensions within the Communist Party and the Party, pitting manufacturing interests against those of retailers and consumers, he kept silent on the topic. Taft ignored the risks of tariff reform. On the one hand, he encouraged reformers to reduce taxes, and on the other hand, he made deals with conservative leaders, so that the overall level of tariffs remained high. In short, there is a thin mud between the parties. At a time of crisis within the Communist Party and the party, Roosevelt traveled to Africa and Europe, leaving Taft to make his own decisions. Taft and Roosevelt had very different acting styles, and they never verbally offended big businessmen. However, he advocated solving the problem within the legal system, so he launched 90 antitrust lawsuits against large companies. The largest company at the time, U.S. Steel Company, was also among the defendants, and the company's merger had been approved by Roosevelt. As a result, Taft offended everyone: Antitrust reformers disliked his conservative rhetoric; big businessmen resented his legal actions; Roosevelt was annoyed that he had embarrassed himself. After Roosevelt returned from Europe, he unexpectedly launched an attack on the federal courts, much to Taft's chagrin. Roosevelt not only denounced big business, but also spared no mercy on federal judges, most of whom were appointed by McKinley, Roosevelt, and Taft. After the 1910 congressional midterm elections, the Democratic Party took control of Congress, making Taft's re-election in 1912 in danger. 3. Start over again and run for the 1912 election. At the end of 1911, Roosevelt finally broke with Taft and announced his own candidacy for the Democratic presidential candidate. But he took action a little late. Taft had already won the support of party bosses. However, Roosevelt won nine of the 12 state party primaries, indicating that he remained popular among ordinary voters. However, primaries were not as important then as they are now. When the Republican National Convention was held in Chicago, Roosevelt found that he could not directly qualify for the presidential candidate, so he called on his supporters to leave the venue, start a new one, establish the Progressive Party, and follow the needs of presidential and state-level campaigns. Establish a permanent organizational structure. The party was nicknamed the "Buck Party" because Roosevelt claimed he was "as tough as a buck." He shouted at the congress: "This is Armageddon at the end of the world, we fight for the Lord!" His crusader-like rhetoric greatly inspired the delegates. The party's campaign platform is to strengthen government intervention and protect people from oppression by interest groups. On October 24, 1912, during a campaign event in Milwaukee, Wisconsin, barbershop owner John Schrank assassinated Roosevelt. The bullet hit his speech script and the frame of his glasses before entering his chest. Roosevelt refused hospitalization and insisted on completing a powerful 90-minute speech. He told the audience: "I don't know if you have heard of it. I just took a shot, but it was not enough to kill a buck." The doctor's diagnosis and treatment showed that the gunshot wound was serious, but removing the bullet would cause greater danger. Roosevelt's body carried the warhead throughout his life. In that year's presidential election, Roosevelt won 27 of the popular vote, Taft won 23, and Democrat Woodrow Wilson was elected with 42.

He led a large number of progressives to break away from the Communist Party and the party, which severely damaged their vitality. It took a generation to gradually recover. 4. South American Expedition: In 1913, Roosevelt went on an expedition to the Amazon rainforest and wrote the experience of the expedition into a best-selling book, "Through the Brazilian Wilderness." The expedition was funded by the American Museum of Natural History, and Roosevelt promised to provide specimens of the newly discovered animals. After arriving in South America, the expedition added a more ambitious goal: to explore the source of the Rio da Duvida. The river was later named the Roosevelt River in honor of his feat. The expedition team has 16 members, including one of Roosevelt's sons, personnel sent by the American Museum of Natural History, a lieutenant in the Brazilian army, doctors, etc. While exploring down the river, Roosevelt contracted malaria from a minor leg injury and suffered a persistent fever. With limited food rations, he was worried that he would drag down the entire expedition schedule and asked to be left alone. But his son insisted on taking him forward, and the team doctors took good care of him, finally saving him from the brink of death. The disease caused him to lose about 20 kilograms of weight. After returning to New York, Roosevelt wrote to a friend: This serious illness will shorten his life by at least 10 years. For the rest of his life, he was frequently hospitalized for malaria and lingering leg injuries. After basically recovering, Roosevelt went to Washington, D.C., to defend his exploration of the source of the river because some professionals doubted the results of the investigation. After his academic report settled the controversy and the naming of the Roosevelt River gained international recognition, he returned home victorious.

6. World War I

Roosevelt strongly criticized Wilson's foreign policy and believed that the U.S. government was too weak. After the outbreak of World War I in 1914, Roosevelt strongly supported the Anglo-French alliance, believing that they were defending human civilization. He advocated harsh measures against Germany in retaliation for its submarine attacks. At that time, German and Irish Americans advocated neutrality. Roosevelt strongly condemned this, accusing these people of being unpatriotic and putting the interests of Germany and Ireland above those of the United States. When the United States entered the war in 1917, Roosevelt volunteered to organize a volunteer infantry battalion, but Wilson refused. Roosevelt's criticism of Wilson allowed the Democratic Party to regain control of Congress in 1918. Roosevelt still had high appeal among voters, which prompted him to consider running for the 1920 presidential election. However, from 1918, malaria made his health deteriorate. In the same year, his youngest son Quentin joined the Air Force to fight in France and was killed after his fighter plane was shot down. Quentin was Roosevelt's youngest son and most closely resembled his father in temperament. Roosevelt never fully recovered from the loss of his son.

7. Later years

Despite suffering from illness in his later years, Roosevelt still maintained an optimistic lifestyle. He is an active promoter of Boy Scout activities. The Boy Scouts of America awarded him the title of "Chief Scout Citizen," the only person to hold this title. On January 6, 1919, Roosevelt died peacefully in his residence at the age of 60. After receiving the news of his death, his son Aceh sent a telegram to relatives and friends saying: "The old lion has passed away."

8. Legacy

During the Spanish-American War, due to Roosevelt's heroic performance in the Battle of San Juan Hill, Cuba, and his superior commander recommended that he be awarded the Medal of Honor. However, the commander later sent a telegram to the War Department complaining about Roosevelt's slow action in withdrawing troops from Cuba, and the medal was in vain. . In the 1990s, Roosevelt supporters challenged records from the National Archives and the U.S. Army. On January 16, 2001, President Clinton posthumously awarded Roosevelt the Medal of Honor. Roosevelt's youngest son, Lieutenant General Theodore Roosevelt Jr., also received the Medal of Honor for his heroism during the Normandy invasion in 1944. Both the Roosevelts and his son received this honor, and there are only two such families in American history. In 1927, Roosevelt was engraved in the U.S. Presidential Memorial Park on Mount Rushmore alongside George Washington, Thomas Jefferson, and Abraham Lincoln.

The U.S. Navy named two ships after Roosevelt: the submarine USS Theodore Roosevelt, which served from 1961 to 1982, and the aircraft carrier USS Theodore Roosevelt, which has served in the Atlantic Fleet since 1986.

9. Popular culture

In 1902, in Mississippi, Theodore Roosevelt refused to kill a small black bear and received considerable praise. The toy manufacturer launched the "Teddy Bear", a stuffed toy with the same name as Theodore Roosevelt. From then on, the "Teddy Bear" became famous. Theodore Roosevelt's childhood nickname was "Teedie" (not "Teddie"); his adult nickname was "Teddy" (Theodore Roosevelt did not like "Teddy", he preferred "T.R. ”) Since then, bears have often been used to refer to Theodore Roosevelt in political cartoons.

Children of Theodore Roosevelt

Alice Lee Roosevelt Longworth Jr. Theodore Roosevelt Kermit Roosevelt Ethel Carroll Roosevelt Derby Archibald Bullock Roosevelt Quentin Roosevelt

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