Gandhi, a famous leader of India's modern national liberation movement, belongs to Gandhi, a modern national bourgeois political theory.

Founder.

Gandhi's life was full of worries and setbacks. He was born in India under the yoke of British colonialism and grew up in pious letters.

A kind, non-killing, vegetarian and abstinent Hindu family. He has been shy, shy and obedient since childhood. 13 years old, I will follow my father.

My mother ordered me to marry an illiterate girl of the same age. 16-year-old father died, and 1 child died at birth. From primary school to middle school, Gandhi I

Straight and mediocre. Although I was infected by the wind of innovation at that time, I still tried to break the vegetarian diet to keep fit and revitalize the nation.

Because the country could not get rid of the education it received from childhood, it finally gave up halfway. /kloc-at the age of 0/9, he was expelled from caste status and crossed the ocean.

Go to London to study. Foreign civilization once made Gandhi feel inferior and fell at its feet, and the bondage of religious prejudice made him

He was at a loss in a brand-new environment. After a short period of confusion and exploration, he finally gave up the blind model of western civilization.

Imitate, adhere to the original religious beliefs and eclectic other religious teachings, accept the education of British legal thought, and make

Lawyer at the University of London. After returning to China, he began to engage in legal work in Mumbai, but suffered setbacks. first time

Litigation will be ruined because of cold feet. Half a year later, he went home and, with the support of his brother and relatives, maintained the law in his hometown of Lachikot.

Organizational affairs. The lawyer's business has not improved, and the suffocating environment makes him feel depressed. When someone comes from South Africa and India,

When he was asked to handle a human case, he embarked on a journey to South Africa without hesitation.

In South Africa, a British colony with deep-rooted and ubiquitous racial discrimination, Gandhi, as a colored person, suffered one after another.

A series of discrimination and insults. National pride and the sufferings of compatriots here drove him to lead India against South Africa.

The struggle against racial discrimination has become a noticeable figure. It was in South Africa full of racial discrimination that Gandhi treated him.

The once enviable western civilization was denied, and the ability to engage in public work was cultivated and exercised, and it was mastered as a

The secret of a successful lawyer basically forms his religion, outlook on life and social and political views. His difficult leadership in South Africa.

The struggle against racial discrimination won the basic equal rights for Indians in South Africa, and he also successfully tested an effective

Weapon-truth and non-violence theory and its practice. However, in this anti-discrimination process, Gandhi was still full of illusions about the British Empire.

Yes

19 15, Gandhi returned to India. In the first few years of his return to China, he traveled around India in third class to get to know his long-lost ancestors.

Country. A year later, he began to give a speech, publicize his thoughts, engage in non-violent struggle, experiment and develop non-violence.

Theory. He supported the ongoing war at that time, hoping to gain British pity and give India autonomy. "A.

After the war, the colonial authorities turned Gandhi from a loyal follower of the British Empire into a writer. 19 19 3 ~ 4

In March, in order to protest against the reactionary "Lolat Law", he launched a nationwide non-violent resistance movement because of the bloody colonial authorities.

Suppression and the violent resistance of the masses, Gandhi had announced that he would suspend the non-violent resistance movement and tried to cooperate with the government, but the British government

Continue to run counter to the caliph and Punjab and break Gandhi's fantasy. The upsurge of anti-British struggle in India

At that time, Gandhi's uncooperative thought became mature, and he took the lead in launching a large-scale boycott of the colonial government in the caliphate movement.

The non-violent non-cooperation movement among legal institutions, courts, schools, titles and foreign goods has been further promoted as a form of national anti-imperialist struggle.

1920 September, the special meeting of the Congress Party in Kolkata and the annual meeting of Napur in February 19 formally adopted Gandhi's non-violence and non-cooperation.

Gandhi's plan and party program take non-violence and non-cooperation as the guiding ideology of the Congress Party. Strive for "Indian autonomy" to become a country

The realistic goal of the big party; Therefore, the Congress Party is organized by a few elites who mainly rely on constitutional means to engage in activities.

It has become a modern bourgeois party with a broad mass base and relying on the direct struggle of the masses to carry out an all-round anti-imperialist struggle. sweet food

Therefore, the leading position of land in the Congress Party was established. Since then, Gandhi has always been a big country, whether he works in the Congress Party or not.

The party's "soul" has influenced the development direction of India's national liberation movement. 1922 February, due to violence during the sports,

Gandhi announced that he would stop the first non-violent and non-cooperative movement, which hit morale and caused ideological confusion in the Congress Party. Gandhi is also a body.

Trapped. After his release from prison, Gandhi devoted himself to reviving the people's morale. 1929 65438+February 3 1 day, the annual meeting of Lahore National Congress passed India's bid for the Olympic Games.

Independent resolution, and authorized Gandhi to lead the new non-cooperative movement. 1March, 930, he led 78 volunteers to start " ...

Gandhi's life

He is called "Bapu", which means father, because he was the father of India in the 20th century. Even before India won its independence from the British rulers, it was obvious that Gandhi was already a key figure and leader in the struggle for autonomy of 380 million Indians.

Mohandas? Gandhi was born in India on 1869. According to local custom, he got married at the age of 13. 1September, 888, 19 years old went to England by boat. After studying for three years, he became a lawyer. As soon as he returned to India, he got an opportunity to go to South Africa to handle a case. This experience later changed the course of his life.

During this period, Indians living in South Africa were abused by white South Africans, and only a few people had the right to vote. Gandhi was thrown off the train and the mail car twice because he insisted on sitting in the white seat area when traveling. He was shocked by this kind of inequality and injustice, so he set up an organization to lead the Indians to fight for equal rights. He soon became the leader of this organization.

In the past 20 years, Gandhi has played a very important role in the struggle of Indians for equal rights. He wrote articles about socialism for newspapers and founded a magazine called Indian Public Opinion. When he returned to India, he made a public speech on the situation in South Africa. Later, South Africa passed some laws in an attempt to make life difficult for non-whites. Indians over the age of 8 must carry their passes at all times. Indians claim that this "passport law" is unfair. Some people even burned their passes in public, and many people were arrested and imprisoned for it. Others were killed when the police brutally attacked political demonstrations. Finally, due to the riots of Indian residents, South African leaders had to make concessions. So Gandhi won the first non-violent struggle against racial discrimination.

Gandhi returned to India on 19 15 and was hailed as a hero. For the next 32 years, he fought for human rights and the rights of workers who were abused by their employers. Finally, he called for the end of British rule in India and the realization of national independence. Because of his revolutionary views, he spent many years in prison. He has a gift for trying to explain his political views. He encouraged Indians to produce their own cotton cloth and refused to buy British cloth. He led a parade to the seaside, and thousands of people joined him in order to produce some salt at the seaside. At that time, only the British government had the right to sell salt, which was taxed. So Gandhi encouraged people all over the country to produce their own salt. After this incident, 60,000 Indians, including Gandhi, were put into prison. The political struggle finally won, and Indians were allowed to produce and sell salt.

Since then, there have been many other struggles. Finally, India won its independence on August 5, 1947/kloc-0, but Gandhi was assassinated by a man who opposed his views five months later and died on October 30, 1948/kloc-0.

Gandhi's faith

Gandhi was not only a clever lawyer, an excellent speaker, a staunch human rights fighter and a political leader. He is also a model of different political leaders. He wrote a book about his early life, entitled "The Story of My Experience of Truth". The mystery is embodied in this title. He is free to talk about his failures and difficulties. When he made a mistake, he automatically admitted it.

Most importantly, he refused to get any benefit from his political activities. Before he returned to India, he decided to live like a poor man and never have wealth. When traveling in India, he took a hard seat, never reserved a seat, but stayed with ordinary people such as farmers. In the city, he refused to take a rickshaw-a two-wheeled cart pulled by barefoot men. He eats very simply and never eats meat. He got up early in the morning and then sat in front of the spinning wheel to spin cotton thread. He believes that everyone, from leaders to the poorest farmers, should be prepared to do heavy work.

He is interested in all religious issues, not just Indian gods. He has read many books. At six o'clock every night, he stops working to pray, even though he is with other world leaders. There is always a whole day every week, and he spends all his time in silence. In his life, he always tried to get the true meaning of the gods.

Gandhi believed that people should be able to "love the most ordinary people in the world as themselves". Gandhi hated the custom of dividing Indian society into different castes for thousands of years, and his goal was to abolish this custom. He supports those who do minimum wage jobs and belongs to the poorest class in society. Thanks to his personal practice, all Indians can finally drink freely from the same well in the village, go to the same temple to pray, and even marry each other.

Gandhi attached great importance to women's equality. Perhaps his greatest belief lies in the Indian idiom "The Power of Truth". If there are unjust laws-British rulers in India and South Africa have passed many such laws-then everyone has the responsibility to refuse to abide by this law, but not to use violence. People should always be ready to go to jail for their beliefs, instead of taking up arms and fighting.

Gandhi's death gave India an opportunity to mourn and let people express how he became the "father of the country" of all Indian people. Millions of people watched the funeral procession carrying his body slowly through the capital. Millions of people watched the cremation ceremony-according to Indian custom, his body was burned to ashes. 12 days later, millions of people lined up by the railway line, and a local train carrying Gandhi's urn came to a place by the river 584 kilometers away. Three million people watched the great man's ashes slowly pour into the Brown River, and the ashes will flow into the sea with the river.

At the time of his death, a man praised Gandhi like this: "It may be hard for future generations to believe that such a person has ever walked in this world." Is this what Albert said? [Name] Albert Einstein (Jewish theoretical physicist)