Life is short, and a hundred years go by in the blink of an eye. Learning to say no can help you save time; learning to say no can help you concentrate on doing things. I have compiled the reading answers for "The Wisdom of Decline" here, come and learn!
The Wisdom of "Decline"
① American chemist Francis Crick After winning the Nobel Prize, I ordered a general letter of refusal for myself: "I would like to express my gratitude for your letter, but I am very sorry that I cannot respond to your kind invitation to sign your name, send you photos, accept interviews, or publish Speak on the radio, appear on television, attend dinners and lectures, serve as a witness, read your manuscript, give a report, attend meetings, serve as chairman, act as editor, receive an honorary degree, etc." Crick declined wisely. Although there is less "human touch", it avoids countless troubles, saves many meaningless social interactions, and saves a lot of precious time.
② Probably celebrities, dignitaries, and successful people will encounter similar troubles, and they all need the courage and wisdom to refuse. Decline is not the same as refusal. Decline is basically a good thing or good intention, at least that's what the person involved thinks; if you refuse, you just need to pull your face down and shake your head. To decline, you need to take the matter back and thank the person for their "good intentions." You need to use tactful and reasonable language, but you also need to be firm and uncompromising. Therefore, how to word your words requires some hesitation and some wisdom.
③Mr. Qian Zhongshu is indifferent by nature and hates socializing the most, especially in his later years. He almost refused all banquets, speeches, part-time jobs and interviews, even though others had good intentions. But Mr. Qian didn't think so, "If you feel good after eating an egg, is it necessary to meet the hen that laid the egg?" He declined the readers who wanted to meet him, which was humorous. As for the invitation to feast and drink, he refused: "I don't want to spend some unknown money, eat some dirty food, meet some dishonest people, and talk about some unkind things." "If it's not itchy," it seems to be more direct than clever, but it also shows the gentleman's loftiness and introspection, and it is more effective. After all the talk, who would have the nerve to come and invite me again?
④Writer Mao Dun is a gentle and kind person. His refusal was polite and had the flavor of negotiation. In March 1958, Mao Dun wrote a letter to the office of the Chinese Writers Association, saying: "Now I will write down some of my personal plans, but the plan has been finalized. Whether it can be completed depends on whether there is time. I hope the leadership will help me." First, help me get rid of my part-time job as Minister of Culture and member of the Standing Committee of the Chinese People's Political Consultative Conference; second, help me get rid of my two positions in "Chinese Literature" and "Translation"; third, help me not have any overseas assignments this year. I have so many part-time jobs and I have to spend two-fifths of every week on meetings, cocktail parties, evening parties, etc., so I have no choice but to stop writing novels?" It was precisely because of his refusal. Being too polite, not decisive enough, and of course there were "work needs", so it didn't work very well. He had to spend time in meetings, cocktail parties, and parties day after day, and his writing plan basically came to nothing. In the next thirty years of his life During this period, not a single influential work was published.
⑤ Contrary to Mao Dun, the Nobel Prize-winning Hungarian writer Imre Kertesz believes that the biggest secret to his success is “being good at declining all kinds of invitations and entertainment, and successfully closing the door on himself.” 's door". He has always declined interviews, conferences, and inclusion in celebrity dictionaries, so much so that the foreign literature volume of the "Encyclopedia of China", the "History of Literature in Eastern European Countries" and several versions of the "World Cultural Celebrities Dictionary" were all checked. Not even his name. It was precisely because he declined almost all activities that had nothing to do with writing that he was able to concentrate on his beloved literary creation. He worked hard in obscurity for most of his life, and finally aspired to win the Nobel Prize for Literature.
⑥Life is short, and a hundred years go by in the blink of an eye. Learning to say no can help you save time; learning to say no can help you concentrate on doing things.
⑦ Then, please turn off the phone and e-mail in a timely manner to reduce all kinds of "enthusiastic" interference. Those dispensable entertainments, shows that serve as "flower vase", various seminars, award ceremonies, lectures, celebrity interviews on TV, and judges of numerous competitions, just refuse them if you can. You might as well learn from Qian Zhongshu Mr. Crick’s humorous and decisive spirit, learn from Mr. Crick’s clever words and uncompromising attitude.
(Chen Lumin's "People's Digest" Issue 8, 2017)
1. In the second natural paragraph, what does the author think is the difference between "decline" and "reject"? Please summarize . (2 points)
Answer: Decline is basically a good thing or good intention. Not only do you want to get rid of the matter, but you also need to thank the person for their "good intentions." How to word it requires some hesitation. wisdom.
If you refuse, just pull your face down and shake your head.
2. Talk about the role of the first natural paragraph in the full text. (3 points)
Answer: Vivid examples lead to arguments and support your own opinions. At the same time, the introduction of stories increases the readability and attractiveness of the discussion.
3. Can the fourth natural paragraph be deleted? Why? (3 points)
Answer: It cannot be deleted.
The article cites the example of Mao Dun's polite refusal, which on the one hand proves that some things will have a significant impact on one's life if not refused; on the other hand, it proves that a polite refusal like Mao Dun's is not strong enough and does not work.
4. Many students tried hard to restrain themselves from doing homework during the holidays, while sending messages from time to time declining invitations from classmates. Based on the article, talk about your views on this phenomenon. (2 points)
Answer: If you can’t refuse something like homework, you must do it well in a planned way. Invitations from classmates cannot be generalized. Group activities that are meaningful and safe can be participated in together; activities or "parties" that are meaningless or dangerous are clearly rejected without ambiguity.
Suggested guidance on Chinese learning methods for the first grade of junior high school
1. Carefully carry out language accumulation
Language accumulation not only refers to the accumulation and recitation of ancient poems and modern poems, but also Including the accumulation of words, famous sayings, sayings, and proverbs. Accumulation questions have recently occupied a certain proportion in the Chinese language test questions of the high school entrance examination. Their position in the test paper may be listed separately for centralized examination, or they may be placed in the reading test questions. In some areas, they are placed in the "additional test paper": But in any case, we should pay attention to it in daily study and high school entrance examination review: because language accumulation is our country’s traditional Chinese education experience, and testing students’ language accumulation through examinations is a way to promote student learning and improve An excellent way to teach Chinese.
During review, you must memorize famous poems and passages required to be memorized in the "Chinese Curriculum Standards" and textbooks, and do not add, delete, or make wrong words or punctuation marks when writing from memory. You will be able to write out the titles of poems and essays and the names of their authors, and also carefully read the extracurricular readings required by the "Chinese Curriculum Standards", and consciously make information cards and collect famous quotes and words. In addition, in daily reading, you should also pay attention to accumulating and excerpting some common poems and famous sentences outside class. What needs to be pointed out is that through the accumulation and study of famous sentences, one must be able to understand their meaning and use them accurately and appropriately in line with the context. You can also use the method of categorization to sort out the accumulated famous sentences and conduct comparative learning and memory.
The accumulation of words also includes common idioms, synonyms and antonyms. While accumulating, it is necessary to master the rules of its application, such as language environment, praise and criticism colors, etc.
2. Strengthen the cultivation of language use ability
The language use test covers a wide range of areas, including pronunciation, Chinese characters, grammar, rhetoric, extracurricular reading, oral communication, and comprehensive learning. content. The pronunciation test generally involves accurately notating words that are easily mispronounced based on contextual requirements, including some polyphonic characters, characters with similar shapes, and characters whose nasal finals and some initial consonants cannot be distinguished in dialects. Commonly used characters are the scope of the test. ; The examination of Chinese characters involves two aspects, one is to correct typos, and the other is to write in a standardized, correct and neat manner; grammar and rhetoric are examined from the perspective of application, such as correcting faulty sentences; the examination of rhetoric is more common, such as imitation of sentences, Continue writing and filling in. Generally, the rhetorical figures tested are parallelism, antithesis, metaphor, etc., as well as conciseness, coherence, and appropriateness in negative rhetoric.
Common language application questions include writing slogans based on the materials provided, retelling the content using tables, designing relevant columns for newspapers, commenting on relevant life phenomena, summarizing the main content of the news, and comprehensive learning The examination may require you to design an activity plan, display and analyze the activity results, etc.: These question types are very flexible and must not be neglected during training.
3. Improve reading literacy according to the spirit of the curriculum standards
The requirements for modern literature reading in the Ministry of Education’s high school entrance examination documents are mainly based on extracurricular materials. Obviously, modern literature reading should mainly test knowledge migration and application capabilities. During review, you should do the following aspects:
1. Choose good reading materials. That is to say, there are three major practical literary styles: narrative, expository and argumentative essays, as well as prose and novels in literary works (poetry and drama do not appear much in the test questions). Naturally, the content must be well selected, with good language and good ideological content. , with profound cultural connotations, the explanatory text must be scientific and contemporary. The length should generally be between 1,000 and 1,500 words, and should be a famous article with good content and language. The number of words can also exceed the limit, and it cannot be deleted or edited arbitrarily.
Second, we must pay attention to the overall understanding and perception: we must be able to accurately grasp the main content, important views and ideas of the article, and understand the meaning of its image. This is the key point of reading the article: because only by doing this Only by doing this can you correctly grasp the key to answering other questions.
Third, it is to clarify the writing ideas of the article. That is to clarify the chapter structure of the article and grasp the ingenuity of the author's layout. This is an important aspect to explore the artistic characteristics of the article, and it is also an indispensable link to grasp the center and key points of the article.
Fourth, be able to accurately understand the meaning of key words and sentences according to the language environment. Key words and sentences sometimes seem very ordinary and plain, but if you think about them carefully, you will find that they have very profound connotations. To explore the center and theme of an article, we often understand a word or an important sentence. Therefore, during review, we must work hard to exercise our ability to discover and understand such words and sentences.
Fifth, be able to use the spirit of inquiry to put forward your own opinions on the point of view or writing skills of the article: these types of questions are generally open-ended questions. According to the materials, we can either use normal thinking methods to answer, or You can use divergent thinking and reverse thinking to express your own opinions and opinions. The answers to such questions are generally not fixed, but they must be reasonable and convincing. This is also the most commonly used question type these days.
Sixth, be able to think and expand based on the content of the article. Judging from the recent high school entrance examination questions, many reading questions have appropriate expansion, such as connecting the knowledge described in the explanatory text to the phenomena in life, requiring knowledge transfer; starting from the content of the narrative, requiring the article to be summarized and sorted out, and produced Cards, migratory picture appreciation based on content, etc. This type of test questions is quite flexible and valuable, and should attract our attention.
Classical Chinese reading materials mainly come from in-class materials, but there are also many areas that test both in-class and out-of-class materials, or only test extra-curricular materials. These materials are simple and easy to understand. Compared with the previous examination, there have been some changes in the examination methods. We can see that the design of the questions not only includes the unique characters and sentence translations unique to the classical Chinese examination, but also the understanding of key words and sentences, the grasp of the content of the article, and the same as those of modern Chinese. Open-ended questions that test inquiry ability and innovative spirit. Because it pays attention to the accumulation of ancient poetry and prose. Students' understanding has also been improved accordingly, and it is natural that the reading of classical Chinese texts will become more difficult: we should also pay attention to the method of comparison, compare and read two articles that have certain similarities, and discover the similarities and differences. Summarize its rules.
What needs to be emphasized is that you must have a certain understanding of the content of the extracurricular reading articles stipulated in the new curriculum standards and syllabus, such as its main storyline, main characters' personalities, highlights, etc. This can be said to be " The scope of "expanded reading": the appreciation of ancient poetry has recently been tested with more questions, including multiple-choice questions, short-answer questions for direct appreciation, and comparative reading methods and classical Chinese prose. This type of question is not very difficult, but if you don't pay enough attention to it, it may affect your answer.
4. Carry out effective training to improve writing skills
High school entrance examination composition is a subjective test question with the highest score. Due to improper teaching methods, there is an obvious tendency of randomness in grading. As a result, we do not pay enough attention to composition training, which also affects the improvement of composition level and ability: during review, we must first grasp the characteristics of composition propositions, and secondly, choose appropriate methods. According to these high school entrance examination essays, there are roughly four types of questions: topic essays, propositional essays, semi-propositional essays and material essays.
The topic of topic composition is not a proposition, it is a broad concept, or a scope of writing. Generally speaking, there are no restrictions on the selection of topics for topic compositions, as long as they do not exceed the scope of the topic; there are no restrictions on style. The writer can choose the style independently according to his own expertise and the needs of content expression.
True feelings are the soul of writing a good composition. There should be rich emotions between the lines. You can't just write with a "pen", but you should write with a "heart". You should share the joy, cry and sorrow with the characters written in the article, and it should be vivid and vivid. It is appropriate to express one's emotions, to love sincerely and strongly, and to criticize sharply and profoundly. When writing a narrative, you cannot fail to record events. When recording events, you must not only describe them in a detailed and vivid way to make people feel immersed in the situation, but also write down the value and significance of such events to life, and the inspiration and feelings gained from them. To do this, you must have a pair of eyes that can discover and have a unique perspective, and a brain that can actively think and explore and innovate. Only in this way can you find something strange in the ordinary, something new in the ordinary, be creative, have insights, and have new ideas. When writing an argumentative essay, you must establish a correct point of view, that is, an argument, select appropriate reasoning and factual arguments, and use a variety of argumentation methods to make the truth stand upright and persuasive; when writing prose, you must use lyrical writing or singing praises Beautiful things, or expressions of sincere emotions and attitudes. If you choose a good angle and conceive cleverly, you can also use the form of Taoge. However, it should be noted that the narrative must have key points and cannot be a running account. The meaning and value of things must be clearly stated in appropriate places; the discussion must be profound, well-founded, and convincing, and not exaggerated and empty; both prose and poetry must be used in language. It is relatively subtle and profound, but if it is too straightforward and revealing, it will lack the poetry and sentiment it deserves.