Date of birth: 65 BC-8 BC
Celebrity title: ancient Roman poet
Celebrity country: ancient Rome
Related introduction:
Horace (65-8 BC) was an ancient Roman poet. His early works were satirical poems and short sentences similar in nature to satirical poems. Later, he wrote lyric poems and called himself "Song". Later generations called it "ode" according to his solemn style. He took ancient Greek poetry as a model, widely absorbed various rhythms of Greek lyric poetry, successfully used Latin poetry creation, reached a quite perfect level, and pushed Roman lyric poetry creation to the peak. Horace has always enjoyed a high reputation in ancient western Europe and later generations. The conception of his poem Monument has been welcomed by many famous European poets and celebrities.
People imitate.
Horace (65-8 BC) was born in a small town in southern Italy. His father is a freed slave, and his family has some money. Therefore, Horace received a good education in Rome as a teenager, and later went to several famous colleges in Athens to study philosophy, and was directly influenced by ancient Greek culture. In March of 44 BC, conspirators headed by noble Broudo assassinated the Roman military dictator Caesar at a rally in an attempt to restore the overthrown aristocratic dictatorship of the Republic of China, and Athens was the center of noble peaceful activities at that time. Horace, who was in his early twenties, was deeply moved by their propaganda and participated in aristocratic peace activities with many Roman youths in Athens at that time. At that time, in Rome, the struggle between Caesar's heirs and your faction was so fierce that even celebrities like Cicero, an essayist and speaker who believed in aristocratic harmony, were killed. Broudo and his followers who fled to Greece were recruiting, so Horace joined the army in 42 BC and was appointed as the commander of the legion. Soon, * * * sent troops to fight against Caesar's successors W David and Anthony in Philippi, Greece. Broudo died in battle, Horace abandoned the shield and fled.
After W. David came to power, Horace was convicted as a public enemy; Shortly after the Amnesty was issued, Horace returned to Rome, but all his property was confiscated and he had to find a financial clerk to make a living, so he was down and out. He hoped to attract people's attention with his literary talent and get some assistance, so he wrote poems. Sure enough, his satirical poems and short sentences were quickly appreciated by Virgil, a famous poet at that time. Virgil recommended it to W David's closest friend McKennas, and he also appreciated it. In 35 BC, his first satirical poetry anthology was published, and the following year he was declared completely free. In 33 BC, McKennas gave Horace a manor. Since then, Horace has lived a stable life and is very comfortable. A commander of the corps who fought against W Taiwei naturally became a singer of W Taiwei. The poems he wrote in Anshi Manor in his later years promoted the golden mean lifestyle he yearned for and practiced at the same time: independence and dependence; Don't be extravagant and indulgent, but also enjoy it properly; Integrity, simplicity, benevolence, martial arts, retro, zhende. This philosophy of life, which combines asceticism and hedonism, is very suitable for the social and ethical needs of Dawei regime in Hotan, and draws a clear line with the extravagant and decadent society at that time. In his poems, you can often hear the belief and worship of Wei Dawei, but it is said that when Wei Dawei asked him to be a minister, he was ashamed of being a vassal and declined politely.
What really made Horace famous was a poetic letter he wrote to Piso and his son. This letter was later called "the art of poetry" by the Roman rhetorician and orator Kuntilya Yunus (about 35-95 AD). Probably the recipient Pisso and his son wrote to ask how to write the script, so more than one third of the poetry is about drama. It is these contents that make A Private Communication a masterpiece of a generation of drama theory. It is uncertain when The Art of Poetry was written. It can be roughly determined that it was written after 24 BC. At that time, Horace had achieved great success and had a long creative experience, which was in line with the content and tone of the letter.
Lang Girnus
Long Ganus (about 2 13-273) also translated Long Girnus. Greek scholars, rhetoricians and critics in ancient Rome. He is the author of On Sublime, and there are still many controversies about his date of birth and death.
Ron Ganus's aesthetic thought inherits and develops Horace's classical view. He defined and expounded the important aesthetic category of "sublime" for the first time. He believes that lofty style is caused by five factors, namely, solemn and great thoughts, strong excited emotions, seaweed decoration techniques, elegant wording and magnificent and prominent structure. The artist's ability to master and use language is the premise of a work with lofty style. Ron Ganus also discusses the content and relationship between style and personality, pointing out that only artists with lofty personality can create works with lofty style, and lofty works are the echo of lofty souls. Lofty means great and extraordinary. It can produce aesthetic effect of improving mood and self-esteem.
Ron Ganus advocated learning from the classics, but he did not stick to the ancients. He believed that art should be faithful to reality and handled the relationship between tradition inheritance and innovation well. He clearly talked about the universal standards of art, and believed that the works that transcended the specific historical situation and were praised by all people at home and abroad were truly sublime. This view originated from Horace and was inherited by later classicism. Different from Horace, Longanus emphasized the role of the artist's genius, passion and imagination, and clearly discussed the touching effect of art for the first time. He said that the essence of genius lies in superhuman factors, great spirit and lofty thoughts. Art must have a vivid image and a thrilling attraction to the viewer. These views have a romantic element.