Liu Bocheng, (1892-1986) Chinese revolutionist, strategist, military theorist, one of the founders and leaders of the Chinese People's Liberation Army, and Marshal of the People's Republic of China.

Born on December 4, 1892 in Zhaojiachang, Kaixian County, Sichuan Province. Coming from a poor family, he studied hard since childhood and achieved excellent academic results. Under the influence of the revolutionary trend, the idea of ??enriching the country and strengthening the army and saving the people from fire and water sprouted in his youth. In 1911, he joined the student army in response to the Revolution of 1911. In 1912, he was admitted to the Chongqing Military Government General School. The following year, he participated in the Sichuan Campaign against Yuan (Shikai) Army. In 1914, he joined the Chinese Revolutionary Party led by Dr. Sun Yat-sen. In wars such as protecting the country and protecting the law, he successively served as company commander, brigade chief of staff, and regimental commander. In March 1916, during the battle to capture Fengdu County, he was shot in the right eye and became disabled. In 1923, during the war against Beiyang warlord Wu Peifu, he served as the commander of the first route of the East Route Army against the Bandits. He is resourceful, brave and good at fighting, and is known as a famous general in Sichuan. In the autumn of the same year, he met the communists Yang Angong, Wu Yuzhang and others. Starting from 1924, he followed Wu Yuzhang to inspect Shanghai, Beijing, Guangzhou and other places. In the process of in-depth study of the reality of Chinese society, after careful exploration, he accepted Marxism and gradually realized the transformation from patriotic democrats to communists. change of the person.

He joined the Communist Party of China in May 1926 and later served as a member of the Military Committee of the Chongqing Local Committee of the Communist Party of China. In December of the same year, he, Zhu De, Yang Anggong and others launched the Luzhou and Shunqing (today's Nanchong) uprisings and served as the commander-in-chief of the National Revolutionary Army in Sichuan. He led the uprising troops to fight against the Sichuan warlords and coordinated the Northern Expedition, achieving the strategic goal of the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China to prevent the Sichuan army from threatening Wuhan from the east. In the spring of 1927, he was appointed as the temporary commander of the 15th Army by the Wuhan National Government. At the critical moment of the failure of the Great Revolution, he led the Nanchang Uprising with Zhou Enlai, He Long, Ye Ting, Zhu De and others, and served as the chief of staff of the Communist Party of China's Former Enemies Committee.

He went to the Soviet Union in the winter of 1927. He first studied at the Moscow Advanced Infantry School and then at the Urunzhi Military Academy. During this period, the "Supplementary Report on Military Issues" was made at the Sixth National Congress of the Communist Party of China, and a special report "The Beginning and End of the Nanchang Uprising" was presented. He returned to China in the summer of 1930 and served as a member of the Central Military Commission of the Communist Party of China and secretary of the Yangtze River Bureau Military Commission. In December, he went to Shanghai to assist Zhou Enlai, Secretary of the Central Military Commission, in handling the daily work of the Central Military Commission.

In 1931, he was ordered to go to the Central Revolutionary Base Area. In January 1932, he served as the principal and political commissar of the Red Army School. In October, he served as Chief of General Staff of the Military Commission, assisted Zhu De and Zhou Enlai in commanding operations, and achieved victory in the fourth anti-"encirclement and suppression" campaign. During the fifth counter-campaign against "encirclement and suppression", due to his opposition to dogmatism in military command, he was mistakenly dismissed from the post of Chief of General Staff and appointed as Chief of Staff of the Fifth Army Corps. During the Long March, he returned to the position of Chief of General Staff of the Red Army at the end of 1934 and concurrently served as the commander of the Central Column, commanding the advance troops to forcefully cross the Wu River and outwit Zunyi. In January 1935, he participated in the Zunyi Conference and firmly supported Mao Zedong's correct ideas at this important historical turning point in the Chinese revolution. After the meeting, he assisted Mao Zedong, Zhou Enlai, Zhu De and others in commanding the Red Army to cross the Chishui River four times. He personally led a cadre regiment to seize the Jiaoping Ferry and ensured the troops' smooth northward crossing of the Jinsha River. In May, he was appointed commander of the advance team and led his troops with political commissar Nie Rongzhen to clear the way for the entire army. When entering Daliang Mountain, he implemented the party's ethnic policy and made a "blood-based alliance" with the leader of the Yi tribe, Xiao Yedan, so that the troops could pass through the Yi inhabited areas smoothly. Then, he led the Red Division to forcefully cross the Dadu River at Anshun Field. After the First and Fourth Front Armies of the Red Army reunited, they implemented the strategic policy of the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China on going north to resist Japan, and together with Zhu De, they fought resolutely against Zhang Guotao's activities to split the party.

After the outbreak of the Anti-Japanese War, he served as commander of the 129th Division of the Eighth Route Army. At the end of September 1937, he led his troops to advance into Shanxi and, relying on the Taihang Mountains, launched guerrilla warfare behind enemy lines. The organization's famous battles such as the night attack on Yangmingbao and the ambush of Qigen Village severely dampened the aggressiveness of the Japanese army.

Since 1938, together with political commissar Deng Xiaoping, deputy division commander Xu Xiangqian and other organizations, he has commanded the battles of Changshengkou, Shentouling, Xiangtangpu, and the anti-"Nine Route Siege" in southeastern Shanxi and the anti-Eleventh Route "mopping up" campaigns in southern Hebei, creating Entered the Shanxi-Hebei-Henan Anti-Japanese Base Area. In 1940, he led the soldiers and civilians in the base area to carry out extensive raids on transportation lines controlled by the Japanese and puppet troops. In August, he commanded the troops to participate in the famous Hundred Regiments Campaign, organized and implemented the battles of Zhengtai, Yu (she) and Liao (county), which dealt a heavy blow to the Japanese invaders. Under the serious situation that the Japanese and puppet forces stepped up their implementation of the "cage policy" and divided and blocked the anti-Japanese base areas, they resolutely implemented the policy of localizing the main force, actively organized guerrilla groups that combined regular troops, guerrillas, and militia, and formed a large number of armed work teams. , implemented "the enemy advances, we advance" and launched extensive attacks on enemy-occupied areas and communication lines, smashing the frequent "encroachments" and brutal "mopping up" by the Japanese and puppet troops. At the same time, it repeatedly countered the attacks by the Kuomintang's anti-Japanese die-hard party on the base areas. During the most difficult period of the Anti-Japanese War, together with Deng Xiaoping, he led the military and civilians in the base areas to implement self-sufficiency in production, reduce rents and interest rates, streamline troops and streamline administration, which consolidated and developed the base areas. In September 1943, he went to Yan'an to participate in the rectification movement. In 1945, he attended the Seventh National Congress of the Party. After the meeting, he returned to the Shanxi-Hebei-Luyu base area and led the army and civilians in the region to launch a major counterattack against the Japanese invading forces.

During the War of Liberation, he successively served as the commander of the Shanxi-Hebei-Luyu Military Region, the Central Plains Military Region, and the Second Field Army. Beginning in September 1945, he and political commissar Deng Xiaoping led their troops to counterattack the Kuomintang army that was attacking the liberated areas. They commanded the Shangdang Campaign and annihilated all 13 Yan Xishan divisions in one fell swoop. Then, they moved eastward and launched the Handan Campaign to annihilate the enemy. Most of the two armies fought for an army uprising. The victories in the Shangdang and Handan battles created successful experience in organizing large-scale corps operations and transforming from guerrilla warfare to mobile warfare. They shattered the Kuomintang army's attempt to control key areas in southeastern Shanxi and open up the Pinghan Railway. They consolidated the North China Liberated Area and protected our army. The strategic development in Northeast China also effectively cooperated with Mao Zedong, Zhou Enlai and others in the peace negotiations with Chiang Kai-shek in Chongqing, and played an important role in forcing Chiang Kai-shek to agree to sign the "Double Ten Agreement" and the "Armistice Agreement." In June 1946, Chiang Kai-shek suddenly launched a full-scale civil war. With Deng Xiaoping leading the Shanxi-Hebei-Shandong-Henan Field Army, using a mobile warfare of great strides forward and retreat, within ten months he organized successive campaigns in Longhai, Dingtao, Juye, Juanan, Huaxian, Ju(ye)jin(xiang), Yu(tai) and In the Battle of Northern Henan and other battles, a large number of enemy troops were annihilated and pinned down, a large area was liberated, and the strategic offensive of the Kuomintang army was defeated by cooperating with the battlefield.

At the end of June 1947, in accordance with the Party Central Committee's major decision to shift from strategic defense to strategic offense, he and Deng Xiaoping led an army of 100,000 to forcefully cross the Yellow River and advance into the Central Plains to implement a central breakthrough. They first launched the Southwest Shandong Campaign and successively Nine and a half enemy brigades were wiped out, and the enemy was skillfully mobilized and confused. Then he quickly moved his troops south, leaped thousands of miles into the Dabie Mountains, penetrated deep into the enemy's heartland, threatened Nanjing and Wuhan, and kicked off the People's Liberation Army's strategic offensive. Under the difficult conditions of being far away from the base area and having no rear operations, we relied on the masses, established ourselves, and repeatedly broke through the enemy's heavy siege. Starting from September of the same year, they worked closely with the East China Field Army's Outer Line Corps, which attacked the Longhai Line, and the Chen Xie Corps, which advanced into western Henan, to annihilate a large number of enemies between the Jianghuai River and Han Dynasty. After more than ten months of arduous fighting, the Central Plains Liberated Area was expanded, forcing the Kuomintang army into a passive defensive position, and played a decisive role in reversing the national war situation. In November 1948, according to the decision of the Central Military Commission, he formed the General Front Committee with Deng Xiaoping, Chen Yi, Su Yu, and Tan Zhenlin to unified command the East China and Central Plains troops to carry out the huge Huaihai Campaign, engage in a strategic decisive battle with the main force of the Kuomintang army in the Xuhuai area, and achieved victory. A major victory in which more than 550,000 enemy troops were wiped out.

In April 1949, he participated in the command of the Cross-River Campaign, and directly commanded the Second Field Army to go straight out of the Zhejiang-Jiangxi line, liberating the vast areas of southern Anhui, western Zhejiang, northeastern Jiangxi, and northern Fujian. After the liberation of Nanjing, he concurrently served as director and mayor of Nanjing Municipal Military Control Commission.

In the winter of the same year, together with Deng Xiaoping, he commanded the Second Field Army and the First Field Army of the Fourth Field Army. In cooperation with the First Field Army commanded by He Long, he conducted the Southwest Campaign. He brilliantly implemented the combat policy of long-distance roundabout encirclement proposed by the Central Committee and defeated the enemy. They cut off the enemy's escape route and wiped out a large number of enemies; at the same time, through military strikes and political struggles, a large number of upper-level military and political personnel of the Kuomintang led their troops to revolt and surrender, and liberated Sichuan, Yunnan, Guizhou, and Xikang provinces in a relatively short period of time. In January 1950, he served as chairman of the Southwest Military and Political Commission. He led the army and civilians to eliminate banditry, restore the economy, and plan for the peaceful liberation of Tibet, making important contributions to the liberation of the southwest region and the consolidation of the southwest frontier.

At the end of 1950, he served as the dean of the Military Academy of the People's Liberation Army and later served as political commissar. Since 1954, he has served as Vice Chairman of the People's Revolutionary Military Commission, Vice Chairman of the National Defense Commission, and Minister of the Training Directorate of the Military Commission. In September 1957, he was transferred to the position of dean and political commissar of the Higher Military Academy. After 1959, he was responsible for the work of the Strategic Group of the Central Military Commission. It has always been advocated that "to run the army, we must first run the school", adhere to the idea of ??combining theory and practice to guide teaching and academic research in the work of military academies, and learn from the advanced experience of foreign militaries on the basis of inheriting and carrying forward the fine traditions of the People's Liberation Army. Organized large-scale teaching material compilation and translation work, and personally wrote, reviewed and translated a batch of military and political teaching materials. He attaches great importance to absorbing the modern military scientific achievements of various countries and is one of the first leaders to put education and training in the Chinese People's Liberation Army construction strategy. On the basis of inheriting and carrying forward the fine traditions of the People's Liberation Army, we actively draw on the advanced experience of foreign militaries, make great efforts to establish command academies for various services and arms, train mid-level and senior cadres, and promote the construction of a modern and medium-sized revolutionary army. He is a Marxist military theorist who draws on the essence of ancient and modern Chinese and foreign military theories and creatively applies them to the practice of China's revolutionary war. In the use of troops, we pay attention to seeking truth from facts, change ourselves when the enemy changes, and introduce materialist dialectics into military command, enriching and developing Mao Zedong's military dialectics. At the same time, he has rich discussions on guerrilla warfare, mobile warfare, positional warfare, headquarters work, and the education and training of the troops. His military works have been published in "Selected Military Writings of Liu Bocheng". He is a member of the 7th Central Committee of the Communist Party of China, a member of the Political Bureau of the 8th to 11th CPC Central Committee, and a vice chairman of the Standing Committee of the 2nd to 5th National People's Congress.

In 1955, he was awarded the rank of Marshal of the People's Republic of China. Since 1966, he has served as Vice Chairman of Military Affairs of the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China. After 1982, he resigned from his leadership position in the party, government and military due to age and health reasons. He died in Beijing on October 7, 1986.