wen tianxiang

Give the prisoner to the North Yard [1] and sit in an earthen house, which is eight feet wide and four feet deep [2], with a single door low and small [3] and a white house short and narrow [4] and dirty and dark [5]. In this summer, various gases were extracted [6]: four sets of rain [7], several floating beds, and sometimes water vapor; Mud coating for a long time [8], steaming for a long time [9], sometimes it is rustic; It's sunny and hot at first sight [10], with four air ducts blocked [1 1], and it's sunny and hot at times; Yin on the eaves [12] encourages inflammation and abuse [13], sometimes anger; Warehouse rot leads to rice [14], Chen chen is aggressive [15], and sometimes it is rice gas; Your shoulder is mixed [16], and the foul is dirty (17), which is popular from time to time; Or putrid [18], or ruined corpse [19], or rotten mouse, and the evil spirits are mixed together to be foul qi [20], and the superposition is several qi [2 1]. When it is infiltrated [22], it is rarely serious [22]. However, to be weak [24] and to pitch its news [25] has been two years [26], and to be innocent [27] has almost become a support [28]. But you also know what you are raising [29]? Mencius Ri [30]: "I am good at nurturing my noble spirit [3 1]." There are seven gases, and I have one gas. One against seven, why should I bother [32]. Honest and clean is the meaning of heaven and earth. Write a Song Zhengqi. Heaven and earth are righteous, but they are various [33]. The river yue is below and the sun star is above [34]; In human days, "integrity" is more than enough [35]. Yellow deer dangqing Yi [36], including Hetu Mingting [37]. Festivals of poverty are found in [38]. Hanging on Danqing [39] one by one: bamboo slips in Qi Taishi [40], Hu Bi in East Shanxi [4 1], Zhang Liang in Qin [42], and Han Suwu Festival [43]; General Yan's head [44], Zhong Xue [45], Zhang Suiyang's teeth [46], Yan Changshan's tongue [47]; Or Liaodong hat [48], Qing. Li Bingxue [49]; Or a model [50]. Ghosts cry heroes [51]; Or for crossing the river [52], generously swallow Hu Jie [53]; Still want to hit the thief [54], the vertical head is broken [55]. Is the spirit of majesty [56]. It will last forever [57]. When it runs through the sun and the moon, life and death are satisfied [58]! The earth depends on it, and the Tianzhu depends on it [59]. Three principles are the foundation of morality [60] [6 1] Give Li Yangjiu [62], and the official will not work [63]. Chu prisoners raised the crown [64] and sent cars to the poor north [65]. A tripod is as sweet as a cup [66]. Ghosts are in the dark room [67] and in the spring yard [68]. Cows and horses share the same soap, and chickens live in phoenix food [69]. Zeng Wuliu [70] is barren in the ditch [7 1]. So it was cold and summer [72], and it infiltrated from Yi [73]. Alas, I am in the field [74] and happy for my country. Is he smart, and Yin He won't be a thief? Concerned about this [76], look up at the cloud [77]. Sad in my heart, the sky is extremely high [78]! The days of philosophers are far away [79], which is typical of the past [80]. Read the book on the eaves of the wind [8 1], the color of the ancient road [82].

Notes [1] to: 1. Beiting refers to Yanjing (now Beijing), the capital of the Yuan Dynasty. [2] Search: In ancient times, eight feet was a search. (3) single door: single door. [4] White room: window. (5) Under pollution: low. [6] Cutting green: the appearance of gathering. [7] Rain flow: Water accumulated on the ground due to rain. [8] Half-painted face: The face is regarded as tide, which means that half of the mud painted on the prison wall is wet. [9] steaming calendar: steaming with hot air, stagnant water, messy everywhere. Lan: Lan Man, it's a mess. [10] Zha Qing: Gang Qing, Chu Qing. [1]] Four air duct plugs: the air ducts on all sides are blocked. [12] Payroll: firewood for cooking. [13] Inflammation: fiery tyranny. The rice stored in the warehouse has rotted. [15] Chen chen's threat: the old grain is added every year, and the musty smell is unbearable. Chen chen: Chen Xiangyin's Historical Records: "The millet in Taicang, Chen Xiangyin." [16] Parallel shoulders: shoulder to shoulder. It's crowded and messy. [17] fishy smell: the fishy smell of fish refers to the sour smell of prisoners. [18] Nursery: toilet. Corpse destruction: A destroyed corpse. [20] Dirty: Dirty. [2 1] stack is gas counting; These gases accumulate. [22] Invasion: Evil spirits invade people. [23] Few people are not sick. Li: I am sick. [24] weak: weak. [25] In the meantime, sell: live there. [26] Yu Zi: So far. [27] Nothing: no illness. [28] It's almost a matter of keeping: it's probably because it will stay alive. Almost; Probably. There is a salary increase; Maintain righteousness. The text "Mencius Gongsun Chou": "I am good at nurturing my noble spirit." Ran Zhi: That's what caused it. [29] But I also know what I am raising. But how do I know what I'm defending? Mencius: Minke, a thinker in the Warring States Period, had a book called Mencius handed down from generation to generation. [3 1] The noble spirit: pure, broad and strong. See Mencius, Gongsun Chou. [32] Why am I worried? What am I afraid of? Many contemporary thinkers in China believe that honesty is an omnipotent force for the human body. [33] "Heaven and earth are righteous" two sentences: Heaven and earth are full of righteousness, giving all things different forms. This view is obviously idealistic, but the author mainly emphasizes human integrity. Miscellaneous: various. [34] This sentence means that the mountains and rivers on the earth, the sun, the moon and the stars in the sky are all formed by righteousness. [35] "People's day," Haoran "two sentences: the meaning of giving people is called the gas of Haoran, all over the sky. Pei Hu: Full of vigor and vitality. Cang Ming: Between heaven and earth. [36] The yellow deer swings clear: When the country is peaceful. Huang Lu: National luck, national conditions. Qingyi: clear and peaceful. [37] Han, Ye Mingting: "Zheng Shi Ting" Yihe. Tucao: Reveal the secret. [38] When times are not good, see: integrity will only be revealed when the country is in danger. See also: co-occurrence, performance and exposure. [39] Cui Danqing: Look at the picture book and pass it on to the afterlife. Hang up: stay: leave. Dan Qing: Pictures. Ancient emperors often asked painters to paint portraits and deeds of heroes. [40] Qi Taishi Jane: Taishi: Historian. Jane: Bamboo pieces used for writing in ancient times. In the twenty-fifth year of Zuozhuan, during the Spring and Autumn Period, Cui Xun, a doctor of the State of Qi, killed the king, and Master Qi wrote in Biography of Historical Records: "The king of Cui Xun. "Cui Yao great anger, killed a surname. The two younger brothers of the Taishi continued to write, and they were both killed. Third brother still wrote like this. Cui Jue had no choice but to let him write on the blackboard. [4 1] The tiger skin of Jindong; " "Zuo Zhuan Gong Xuan Two Years" contains: During the Spring and Autumn Period, Duke Ling of Jin was killed by Zhao Chuan, and Zhao Dun, a doctor of the Jin Dynasty, did not associate with Zhao Chuan. Tai Shihong Dong Hu wrote in Historical Records: "Zhao Dun killed his king." Kong Yu praised this article as a "good history" brushwork. (42) Zhang Liang chased. "The Story of Towel" contains: Zhang Liangzhu was the prime minister of South Korea for five generations. After Korea was destroyed by Qin Shihuang, he was bent on revenge for South Korea. He found a Hercules, with a vertebra of 120 Jin, and ambushed the patrolling Qin Shihuang in Bolangsha (now south of Xinxiang County, Henan Province), but missed. Later, Sean helped Liu Bang establish the Han Dynasty and sealed Liu Hou. (43) Su Wu Festival: "Han Shu Li Guang Su Jian Chuan"; When Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty, Su Wu defected to Xiongnu, and Xiongnu asked him to surrender. He resolutely refused and was exiled to Beihai (now Lake Baikal in Siberia, Soviet Union) to shepherd sheep. In order to show his loyalty to the motherland, he took Jeff away from the Han Dynasty all day, herded sheep for 19 years, remained chaste and unyielding, and finally returned to the Han Dynasty. (44) General Yan: Biography of the Three Kingdoms, Shu Zhi and Zhang Fei contains: Liu Zhang's general was guarding Ba County, and Zhang Fei caught him and asked him to surrender. He replied that there was a beheaded general in my state, but there was no general! Zhang Fei saw that he was mighty and unyielding, so he let him go. (45) serving middle schools; Ji Kang's son Ji Shao is Jin Huidi's assistant. The biography of Jin Shu Ji Shao contains: In the first year of Yongxing (304), the royal family was in civil strife and the guards were defeated. Ji Shao covered Hui Di with his body and was killed. His blood spilled on Hui Di's clothes. After the war, someone tried to wash the blood off Hui Di's clothes. Hui Di said, "Don't come here, because it's blood!" [46] Zhang Suiyang: Zhang Xun in the Tang Dynasty. "Biography of Zhang Xun in Old Tang Dynasty" contains: During the Anshi Rebellion, Zhang Xun stuck to Suiyang (now Shangqiu, Henan). Every time he goes into battle, he screams and his teeth are broken. When the city was captured and refused to surrender, the enemy general asked him, "I heard that every time you fight, your eyes are cracked and your teeth are broken." Why did you come here? " Zhang Xun replied, "I want to swallow the thief, but I can't. "The enemy will see his teeth, but only three people will survive." (47) Yan Changshan: That is, Yan Gaoqing of the Tang Dynasty was appointed as the prefect of Changshan. "Biography of Yan Gaoqing, a Book of the New Tang Dynasty" contains: During the Anshi Rebellion, the city was attacked and the city was broken. He cursed An Lushan to his face, but he remained unyielding and was killed. [48] Liaodongmao: At the end of the Eastern Han Dynasty, Guan Ning had Gao Jie, who was a very famous person in the wild. In order to avoid chaos, he lived in Liaodong (now the southeast of Liaoning Province) and refused to be drafted by the court many times. He often wears a black hat, lectures in poverty and is famous all over the world. (49) Qing. Li Bingxue: It means that Guan Ning is honest and pure. Li: Serious and strict. (50) For example, before attacking Wei, Zhuge Liang gave it to Liu Chan, the late ruler of Shu, to show his determination to fight for reunification. There is a famous saying in the table, "Do your best until you die." [5 1] Ghosts and gods cry heroes: Ghosts and gods are also moved to tears by Zhuge Liang's heroism. (52) Crossing the Yangtze River (set): Zu Ti, a patriot of the Eastern Jin Dynasty, led his troops to the Northern Expedition. When crossing the river, he struck the oars and vowed to set the Central Plains in the north, and finally recovered the lost land south of the Yellow River. Ba: Paddle. [53] Hu Jie: the ancient name of the northern minorities. In the past, the history books once called the Xiongnu, Xianbei, Jiejie, Biandi and Qiang people the Five Lakes. This sentence describes Zu Ti's heroism. [54] Beating thieves: During the rebellion, Zhu Di called Duan to discuss this matter, but Duan refused to do so. He slammed Zhu Shu's head and cursed: "Crazy thief, I wish I could cut you to pieces. How can I resist you? " Handboard: Handboard held by ancient ministers when they met with the emperor. [55] Reverse vertical: The traitor refers to Zhu Shu. [56] Qi: This "noble spirit". Majestic; Stuffing. (57) fierce; A solemn look. (58) "When it penetrates the sun and the moon" two sentences: When righteousness rises to the sun and the moon, there is nothing to care about personal life and death. [59] The phrase "Heaven and earth depend on righteousness" means that heaven and earth are supported by righteousness. Di Wei: Ancient people thought that the earth was square with four pillars at four corners. Tianzhu: According to legend, there were bronze columns in ancient Kunlun Mountain, which rose into the sky and were named Tianzhu. Some people say that there are people in the sky as pillars. [60] The three cardinal guides are actually life-oriented: it means that the three cardinal guides are actually life-oriented, that is, supported by righteousness. [6 1] Morality is the root: Morality is based on righteousness. [62] Yu Yuyang: Alas, I'm really unlucky. Oh (husband rank): interjection. Li: Yes, yes. Yang Jiu: that is, 106 Yang Jiu, which was used by the ancients to refer to the disaster year and the national situation in peril. [63] Li can do nothing: that is to say, I really can't do anything to change this precarious country situation. Li: A junior official. This is the author's humble name. [64] Chu prisoners hold the crown: "Zuo Zhuan's Nine Years of Success" contains: In the Spring and Autumn Period, Chu attacked Chen again to save Zhao, and those captured in Chu wore Chu hats (indicating that they did not forget the motherland and were detained). Jin Hou asked who it was, and the person next to him replied that it was a "Chu prisoner." The author here means that he was detained and tied Dai Lai's hat tightly, which shows that although he was a prisoner, he still did not forget the Song Dynasty. [65] Car transfer: vehicles at government-run traffic stations. Poor north: extreme north. [66] Zhong Ding is as sweet as a cup: after being tortured by Zhong Ding, I feel as sweet as eating sugar, which shows that I am not afraid of sacrifice. Tripod: cauldron. An ancient torture in which people are boiled alive in a pot. [67] Ghost fire in the dark room: The cell was dark and silent, and only the ghost fire was haunting. Du Fu ("Yuhua Palace" poem: "Dark room ghosts are green." Yin room: the place where the sun can't be seen refers to the prison room. Shovel: darkness and silence. The yard in spring is stuffy and dark: although the gate is tightly closed in spring, it is still dark. Du Fu's poem "Dayun Temple praises public houses". "The spring yard is dark and stuffy." Close: Close. [69] "Cows and horses are in the same trough, and chickens and winds are in the same place. It's a metaphor, regardless of the virtuous and the foolish, outstanding people are locked with mediocre people. Ji: Good horse. Soap: manger. Chicken habitat: chicken nest. [70] Once the fog is exposed: once the fog is exposed, it is cold. Monk: Yes. (7 1) Being divided into ditches is barren: I expected that I would become a skeleton in the ditch. Sub: material, estimation. Barren in the ditch: Abandoning the bones in the ditch "Shuo Yuan": "Death is inevitable in the ditch." [72] Hot and cold: Two years have passed in this environment. [73] All kinds of diseases have retired by themselves. This means that you are not sick. [74] Jumping field: a place with low humidity. (75) "Is there any clever trick? "Two sentences: What's the trick to make both hot and cold hurt you? Miao Qiao: Smart. Thief: Harm people. [76] I care about this: just because my heart is full of righteousness. Gu: However, the conjunctions that indicate the turning point. This: refers to righteousness. Worry: the appearance is bright. [77] Looking up at the cloud is white: dismissing wealth as if it were a cloud. " The Analects of Confucius: "Being unjust and rich is like a cloud to me." [78] "My Heart is Sad" two sentences: The sadness of the pain of national subjugation is in my heart, like heaven, with no end. Dee: He, that. Extreme: the end. [79] Philosophers are getting farther and farther: the ancient sages are getting farther and farther every day. Philosopher: a wise and outstanding figure, referring to the ancients listed above. [80] Typical: example, model. Past: Once upon a time, past. [8 1] Reading under the windy eaves: reading history books under the windy eaves. [82] The color of the ancient road: the virtues of the ancient tradition shine before our eyes.

It shows that this poem was written in the summer of the eighteenth year of Zhiyuan in Yuan Shizu (128 1), and the author was taken to Yanjing the next year. The preface of the poem says: the cell is small, dark and damp, and all kinds of evil spirits coexist. After living in this harsh environment for two years, I didn't get sick, but gained integrity by my own cultivation. The first paragraph of the poem (from the beginning to "morality is fundamental") enthusiastically praised the lofty integrity that supported his struggle. The first ten days show that mountains, rivers, the sun and the moon are all forms endowed by righteousness. For people, with righteousness, they can give full play to their talents and do their best for the prosperity of the country under peaceful conditions; When the country is in danger, it can show unswerving moral integrity. The following sentence 16 lists 12 outstanding figures in history and describes their awe-inspiring righteous deeds and heroic struggles. Then sum up in eight sentences, righteousness is the pillar on which heaven and earth, human relations and morality depend. Carry forward the righteousness! Life and death will be ignored. The latter paragraph of this poem describes his prison life. Because of the support of healthy qi, it has the strength to bear all physical pains, resist the invasion of various diseases and stand all kinds of torture and tests. Finally, it is pointed out that heroes and sages in history are examples for him to learn, and their lofty spirit and traditional virtues have always inspired him. The whole article is impassioned, tragic and just, showing the lofty national integrity. Although the author's explanation of "righteousness" is obviously idealistic, his ethical concept belongs to feudalism, and not all the historical figures cited are commendable, the strong patriotism and high fighting spirit shown in the whole article have had a great educational effect on future generations.

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