The ancients studied hard. Ni Kuan in the Han Dynasty studied the Five Classics with Kong Anguo, and lacked the study expenses. Ni Kuan cooks for his disciples and sometimes works in the fields. He always takes scriptures with him when he goes to the fields, and studies hard when he has a rest.
During the Han Dynasty, Zhu Maichen's family was very poor and could not afford anything. He likes reading very much, and his family's livelihood depends on chopping wood. Therefore, Zhu Maichen was reading while walking with firewood on his back.
"Chujing" describes poor life and insists on learning.
(From Hanshu? 58 volumes? Ni Kuanchuan and Hanshu? 64 volumes? Biography of Zhu Maichen)
2. People at school cook fish.
Once upon a time, someone gave live fish to Zi Chan, a famous politician in Zheng State. Zichan ordered the small official in charge of the pond to keep the fish in the pond. The little official cooked the fish and said, "At first, the fish looked tired, but after a while, they became lively, and then they swam to the depths quickly." Zi chan said: "I found the place where I should go, I found the place where I should go!" " "
The beadle came out and said, "Who said that children produce wisdom? Now that I have cooked and eaten, he also said, "I found the place where I should go, I found the place where I should go." "
Therefore, a gentleman can be deceived in an appropriate way, but it is difficult to confuse him in an unreasonable way.
Moral: Lies made up with sweet words often fool those who don't know the actual situation. But if you can do the actual investigation seriously, then the deception will not come out!
worry
Zhou Youwang is a bad king. He dotes on the beauty's praise, because praise likes to hear the sound of tears, so he tears up large pieces of silk. In order to win a smile, he lit the beacon tower, and all the rescue princes came to escort around the clock, only to find that they were cheated. He exploited the people wantonly, making natural and man-made disasters continue, and the people suffered greatly. He also reused the great treacherous court official Yin Taishi, which caused confusion in the imperial court and distracted people.
There was a priest named my father who was very anxious and hoped that Zhou Youwang would change. He wrote a poem and said:
"Section Nanshan rock base, Yin a surname is famous, everyone is staring at you.
I feel as sad as a fire, but I dare not laugh at you.
The king has lost his country. Why can't you see it? ……"
However, Zhou Youwang didn't listen to advice, and still went his own way. Finally, he was killed at the foot of the mountain of deception, and the Western Zhou Dynasty perished.
"Worried" describes being very sad and anxious.
(Excerpted from "Poetry? Naive? Festival Nanshan ")
exaggerate
Ma Su is brilliant and likes to discuss military plans. Zhuge Liang likes him very much. On his deathbed, Liu Bei said to Zhuge Liang, "Ma Su's words are exaggerated and should not be used more. I hope Mr. pays attention. "
Six years later, Zhuge Liang sent troops to Qishan and sent Ma Su as the pioneer. In the battle of Jieting (now southeast of Zhuanglang County, Gansu Province), Ma Su was defeated by Wei and his troops were scattered. Zhuge Liang was losing ground and had to withdraw his troops. Finally, Ma Su had to be beheaded by military law, regretting forgetting Liu Bei's words.
"Exaggeration" refers to exaggeration, which is beyond his actual ability.
("Reflection? Shu zhi? Ma Liangchuan ")
be short of money
When Ceng Zi was defending his country, he often couldn't cook once every three days or make a dress for ten years, and the whole hat band would break, and the whole skirt and elbow would be exposed, but his singing of Ode to Shang filled the space between heaven and earth like a bell.
King Lu sent someone to give him a fief and said to him, "Please use the income from this fief to make a dress." Ceng Zi refused, the messenger went again, and Ceng Zi refused. The messenger said, "sir, this is not what you asked the monarch, but what the monarch wants to give you." Why not accept it? " Ceng Zi said: "The receiver is often afraid of the giver, and the giver is often arrogant to the receiver. Can the monarch give me a fief without arrogance? I am very worried about this! "
"Lack of money" describes rags, which means being in a difficult situation.
("Zhuangzi? Jean Wang and Shuo Yuan? Li Jie ")
6. embattled
Xiang Yu and Liu Bang originally agreed to take the east and west of the gorge (in present-day Rongxian County, Jia Luhe) as the boundary, and they did not invade each other. After ...
Liu Bang listened to He's suggestion and thought that Xiang Yu should be killed while he was weak, and then he and Han Xin and Liu.
Jia Huihe's pursuers are heading eastward to Pengcheng (now Xuzhou, Jiangsu)
Xiang Yu leads troops. Finally, several layers of troops were arranged to tightly surround Xiang Yu (in the southeast of Lingbi County, Anhui Province). this
At that time, Xiang Yu had few soldiers and no food. In the evening, I heard the troops around him singing about the people of Chu.
Song was shocked and said, "Has Liu Bang been forbidden?
Why are there so many Chu people in his army? "Say, the in the mind has lost the fight, then get out of bed, in
Drinking in the camp; Sing with his favorite concubine Yu Ji. I cried after singing, and everyone around me was very uncomfortable.
However, I feel that I can't lift my head. After a while, Xiang Yu got on his horse and escaped from the south with only 800 cavalry. Border escape
Fight and fight, and commit suicide in Wujiang River.
Because there is a story in this story that Xiang Yu was surprised to hear the songs of Chu songs around him, and then committed suicide, so
Later, people will use "besieged on all sides" to describe the personnel environment in which people are attacked or persecuted from all directions, resulting in being trapped.
An isolated and embarrassing situation.
Anyone caught in this situation often has a tragic fate. For example, some people often associate with bad people and accomplish nothing.
Production, idle; But later, it broke the despair of those bad guys. When they ask others for help, others should follow their usual behavior.
It's too bad. I never sympathize with or pay attention to it. This person's situation is "besieged on all sides". Another example is discussing academic issues at school.
Its students are unlearned (idiom, meaning unlearned)
When students get up and attack, they are completely isolated, which can also be called
"Embattled" in our life course, in our daily life, be a good person and do it down to earth.
If things go wrong, you will suffer from "besieged on all sides".
Embattled means: it is a metaphor to fall into a situation of being attacked on all sides and being isolated.
7. Dongpo painting fan
Su Dongpo is very compassionate. When he was an official in Hangzhou, a silk merchant once told a fan maker that he owed him 20 thousand silk money and would not pay it back. The craftsman said, "His father died not long ago and spent a sum of money. It has been rainy and cold for several days in Hangzhou this year. Nobody bought a fan, so I can't pay for it for the time being. " Su Shi thought for a long time, asked the craftsman to go home and bring the fans, picked out 20 folding fans, picked up the writing brush on the field, inscribed and painted on the fans, and then ordered the craftsman to take them outside and sell them quickly. As soon as the craftsman came out of the yamen, the fans were snapped up, and one thousand yuan was just enough to pay the bill.
At the age of forty-five, Su Dongpo was imprisoned for one hundred days. Fortunately, the emperor's pardon was issued. Later, he said in Miscellaneous Notes: "I didn't like killing people since I was a child, but I didn't stop completely." I have stopped killing pigs and sheep in recent years, but I like crabs and clams naturally, and sometimes I have to kill them. Last year, I was put in prison for a crime, and I thought I was involved. Later, I didn't want to be spared, so I stopped killing a thing. Sometimes I buy crabs and clams and put them in the river. Although I know that clams can't live in rivers, there may be a chance. Even if you can't live, it's much better than suffering in a pot. I have no other thoughts, just because I have experienced hardships, and I am no different from chickens and ducks in the kitchen. I don't want my life to suffer from this endless fear because of my stomach. I just hate myself for not forgetting delicious food, and sometimes I buy dead crabs to eat. "
"Dongpo painting fan" is a metaphor for caring about the sufferings of the people.
(Excerpted from He Yuan's Biography of Chun Zhu and Su Shi's Biography of Lu Du and History of Southern Sichuan)
8. Clever deception is better than sincerity.
As a general of Wei, Yang Le attacked Zhongshan. At that time, his son was in Zhongshan, and the monarch of Zhongshan gave him the meat soup cooked by his son. Yang Le sat in chancellorsville with broth and gulped it down. After Yang Le captured Zhongshan State, although Wei Wenhou rewarded him for his meritorious military service, his heart was suspicious.
Sun Meng, the monarch of the state of Lu, captured a deer alive while hunting and asked Qin Xiba to take it back. Qin Xiba found a big deer barking behind him. Qin Xiba could not bear to let the deer go. Sun Meng was very angry. He drove Qin Xiba away, and a year later he was taken back to be the teacher of the prince. Everyone around you said, "Qin Xiba is guilty of you. Is it inappropriate to ask him to be the teacher of the prince? " Sun Meng said, "Qin Xiba has a kind heart. He sympathized with a deer and asked him to be the prince's teacher. I am most relieved. "
Therefore, Liu Xiang of the Han Dynasty said that "cleverness is not as good as honesty". Suspected for his meritorious service, Qin Brazil was trusted despite his guilt. This is a question of benevolence and righteousness.
(From Liu Xiang Shuoyuan? Guide ")
9. talk on paper
In 264 BC, Qin attacked South Korea and pushed eastward along the north bank of the Yellow River. Two years later (262 BC), it separated Korea from Shangdang County in its northern territory. Shangdang county guards surrendered to Zhao. Zhao accepted Shangdang County.
Qin certainly didn't want the land he had acquired to be taken away by others. Two years later (260 BC), Shangdang was attacked, and when Lian Po, the general of Zhao, led reinforcements to arrive, Shangdang had fallen. While still resolutely attacking Zhao, Lian Po retreated one after another, and finally retreated to Changping Pass (Gaoping, Shanxi Province) to camp, but failed to hold it. Lian Po thinks that Qin Jun won't last long, and he will wait until Qin Jun retreats before attacking. Qin saw that if you don't get rid of Lian Po, it is impossible to eliminate Zhao.
The State of Qin sent people to spread rumors in Handan, the capital of Zhao (Handan, Hebei), saying, "Lian Po is old and listless, and he has been defeated in many wars. He knew that he was no match for Qin, and he had become a coward and didn't dare to fight. What Qin fears most is Zhao Kuo. As long as Zhao Kuo doesn't come out as commander in chief, Qin will definitely win. " Zhao Wang listened to rumors, dismissed Lian Po and appointed Zhao Kuo as his successor.
Zhao Kuo, the son of Zhao She, a famous soldier of Zhao, is extremely clever and eloquent, and thinks that he can travel to the West only by military means. When Zhao She was alive, the father and son talked about the art of war, and the father was often speechless by his son. Someone said, "It's really good to get away with it." However, Zhao She said disapprovingly, "War is a matter of life and death. He said it so easily that once he became a general, he would surely fail. "
So when Zhao Kuo was appointed commander-in-chief, his mother immediately wrote to Zhao Wang and said, "Zhao Kuo is not a general, please don't send him." Zhao Wang felt that his mother was humble, and her mother said, "When my father led the army, all the rewards were given to his subordinates. On the day of the order, he lived in the military camp, shared joys and sorrows with the soldiers, and no longer asked about family affairs. When you encounter difficulties, you must ask for advice, and never dare to be self-righteous. But as soon as Zhao Kuo was appointed commander in chief, he was commanding, and no one in the barracks dared to look up to him. All the property given to him will be shipped back to China. When his father died, he repeatedly told him not to let Zhao Kuo be a general under any circumstances. " Wang Zhao still refused to change his appointment, and his mother pleaded, "If you must use him, please forgive our family if you insult your teacher and your country." Wang Zhao allows this.
When the King of Qin got the news that Zhao Kuo was a general, he appointed Tian Lei, who was most afraid of all countries, as the general. For fear that Zhao Kuo was afraid to go out because of his fame, the main force of Zhao could not be captured. The king of Qin ordered that anyone who dared to reveal Tian Lei's name would be beheaded soon.
After Zhao Kuo took office, he demolished the fortifications, personally led the elite, adopted breakthrough tactics, and attacked the weakest camp in Qin Jun. Tian Lei ordered the retreat. After Zhao Kuo broke through Qin Jun's position, he still maintained a fierce offensive to expand the results. Tian Lei ordered to retreat again, and then sent troops to cut off Zhao Kuo's retreat. So Zhao's army split in two, Zhao Kuo and the elite troops separated in front, and the rest of the troops were still in Changping Pass. Then Tian Lei cut off the grain route of Zhao, and Zhao began to lack food.
Zhao Kuo launched several most violent attacks, hoping to get out of the encirclement, but all failed. Zhao Kuo's eloquent military theory all failed, so he had to follow Lian Po's example, turning attack into defense and waiting for reinforcements. But now the situation has changed, the troops have been separated, food and grass are exhausted, and it is impossible to stay. Zhao Kuo barely lasted for 46 days, and was forced to make a final sprint after running out of ammunition. He was divided into four teams and broke through in turn, but he still failed and died under the disorderly arrows. Zhao left 400,000 people, all of whom surrendered.
Tian Lei ordered 400,000 soldiers to enter the deep valley near Changping Pass and seal off both ends of the deep valley. Qin Jun, who had been ambushed at the top of the mountain in advance, left earth and stone, and all 400,000 people were buried alive. Zhao has since fallen.
Zhao Kuo's well-thought-out but disastrous war stories in practice is summed up as an idiom "an armchair strategist". This idiom means that you only know theory, but you can't apply it to practice.
Why do Zhao Kuo's parents know that Zhao Kuo is not a general? Zhao She knew that war needed caution, and Zhao Kuo was not careful, so he knew that his troops would fail. If you want to come to Zhao Kuo, you must be famous for being reckless and underestimating your enemy. Otherwise, the State of Qin would not choose Zhao Kuo as an opponent. Mother Zhao doesn't understand military affairs, but from the fact that Zhao Kuo can't share weal and woe with his subordinates, she knows that her son is not a general. It seems that a general must understand the art of war, be cautious and restrained against the enemy. Zhao Wang was ignorant, chickened out, changed his position, refused to listen to persuasion, and finally suffered a crushing defeat, which can be said to be self-inflicted.
Tian Lei killed soldiers indiscriminately, and was executed by the King of Qin a few years later, which did not come to a good end. What goes around comes around. According to folklore, Tian Lei still suffers in hell.
An armchair strategist is: an armchair strategist. Metaphor is empty talk, which can't solve practical problems. It is also a metaphor that empty talk cannot become a reality.
10. fearless
Source "Zuo Zhuan Vulgar Twenty-six Years"
During the Spring and Autumn Period, after the death of Qi Huangong, the overlord of the Central Plains, his son Hong Xiao of Qi succeeded to the throne. In the summer of the 26th year of Lu Xigong (634 BC), there was a severe famine in Lu. Taking advantage of this crisis, Hong Xiao of Qi led an army to crusade against Lu. When Lu Xigong learned this news, he knew that Lu Jun could not compete with Qi, so he sent a doctor to express his joy and came to Qi with cattle, sheep and wine. At this time, Qi's army had not yet entered the border of Lu, and it traveled day and night to the west and met Qi's army on the border between Qi and Lu. Zhan said to Xiao Gong, "King Lu heard that the King personally came to our country and specially sent me to comfort your army." "Do you Lu people feel hurt?" Qi Xiaohong is arrogant, he said. Zhan is an eloquent man. He replied arrogantly, "Those who have no knowledge may hurt Bo, but our monarchs and ministers in Lu are not afraid at all." When Qi heard this, he sneered at him and said, "Your treasury is empty, ordinary people lack food at home, there are no crops in the field, and you can't even see the grass. Why not feel scared? " Zhan has a well-thought-out plan. He said unhurriedly, "We rely on Zhou Chengwang's legacy. At the beginning, Duke Zhou, the ancestor of Lu State, and Qi Xin, the ancestor of Qi State, worked together to help become a king, sleepless nights to govern the country, and finally put the world in order. Wang Cheng was very grateful to them, and made them make an oath, warning future generations to live in friendship and not to invade each other. This is on record: our ancestors were so friendly, your majesty, how could you rashly give up your ancestral Covenant and attack our country? It is because of this that we are not afraid. Hearing this, Qi felt that Zhan Xi's words were very reasonable, so he dismissed the idea of crusade and returned to China.
Fearless means: rely on, rely on; Fear: fear. Without fear or scruple because of leaning on a stick.