According to the existing research data, salmon without lung is almost impossible to be the intermediate host of virus transmission, so the resurgence of this epidemic is probably the result of virus transmission from overseas through the cold chain, and many senior infectious disease experts have given this guess.
Because of this, a series of problems related to cold chain logistics have become the focus of attention outside the epidemic. In the special period, there are also many questions about cold chain logistics. What is the current situation of cold chain logistics industry in China? What are the loopholes?
This is the real cold chain logistics.
The term "cold chain logistics" seems cold, but it is not far from you and me.
Cold chain logistics generally refers to a systematic project that frozen food is always in a specified temperature control environment in all aspects of production, storage, transportation, sales and consumption to ensure food quality and reduce food loss.
It is established with the progress of science and technology and the development of refrigeration technology, and it is a temperature-controlled logistics process based on refrigeration technology.
The application scope of cold chain logistics includes: primary agricultural products: vegetables and fruits; Meat, poultry and eggs; Aquatic products and flower products; Processed food: frozen food, packaged cooked food such as poultry, meat and aquatic products, ice cream, dairy products and chocolate; Fast food raw materials; Special commodity: medicine, so it is a huge system engineering with higher requirements, more complexity and much larger construction investment than the general normal temperature logistics system.
In recent years, food safety accidents have occurred frequently in China, but cold chain logistics can effectively prevent food deterioration and ensure food quality. Cold chain logistics provides the most suitable temperature and humidity environment for transportation, storage and goods in distribution and processing. Inhibit the activity of bacteria, reduce the reproduction of bacteria in this process, and ensure the quality of goods as much as possible!
Why is cold chain logistics taken seriously?
For a long time, cold chain logistics has been tepid because of its inherent industry attributes such as high input threshold, high operating cost and long payback period. In recent years, cold chain logistics has become a hot potato. Not only businesses from all walks of life are eager to win, but even the state has issued policy documents to support cold chain logistics many times.
What makes cold chain logistics more and more valued by all walks of life?
The upgrading of residents' consumption has accelerated.
According to international practice, when the per capita GDP reaches about $65,438+$0,000, the growth of consumer demand will change from survival and quantity to development and enjoyment. In 20 19, China's per capita GDP exceeded 1 10,000 US dollars, which indicates that China people have entered an important window of consumption upgrading, and people are paying more and more attention to the values of quality, nutrition, taste and safety.
Although the price of low-temperature food is high, it generally has shorter shelf life, better taste and richer nutrition, which is an important direction of current consumption upgrading, as evidenced by the popularity of cold meat, low-temperature milk and other commodities. Low-temperature food needs the whole cold chain in the process of storage, transportation and sales, and the vigorous growth of demand naturally brings fire to cold chain logistics.
Explosive expansion of fresh e-commerce
Affected by the demand-side consumption upgrade, the great development of the Internet and the trend of convenient life, the entire retail industry has also begun to innovate itself, and fresh e-commerce has become popular.
Because buying fresh food is a kind of high-frequency instant consumption, consumers put forward high requirements for the timeliness and freshness of fresh food distribution, which constantly tests the logistics level of fresh food retailers. The research report of Ping An Securities shows that the cold chain logistics cost of fresh e-commerce accounts for 20%~40%. If an enterprise can make a substantial breakthrough in the cold chain, it will inevitably open the gap with its competitors.
For this reason, fresh e-commerce giants such as Boxma Xiansheng, Su Xiansheng, Tiantian Youxian, etc. began to invest heavily in self-built cold chain systems, which greatly promoted the development of the cold chain logistics industry.
The improvement of China people's safety awareness
In March of 20 16, the news that "hundreds of millions of vaccines flowed into 18 province without refrigeration" exploded in the circle of friends, and the continuous fermentation of the incident caused great concern for the transportation of vaccines and other drugs. The key to the problem lies in the cold chain, and the far-reaching impact of the incident has also forced the development of cold chain logistics to a certain extent.
Although China's cold chain logistics industry has developed rapidly, compared with developed countries, there are still obvious gaps in per capita refrigeration capacity, cold chain circulation rate and agricultural products refrigerated transportation rate. The cold chain infrastructure is not perfect, and the fresh products are short in shelf life and easy to be damaged, which leads to the high loss rate of circulation at different levels, among which the loss rate of fruits, vegetables, meat and aquatic products far exceeds the average level of developed countries.
However, the gap also shows great potential. Under the comprehensive influence of national policy support, residents' consumption upgrading and the continuous evolution of the industry, it is expected that China's cold chain logistics will usher in a golden period of rapid growth.
What are the loopholes in cold chain logistics?
Even so, the problems in cold chain logistics can not be ignored. The COVID-19 epidemic rebounded in Beijing this time, reminding everyone once again that the loopholes in the cold chain logistics and transportation need to be filled as soon as possible, otherwise the future trouble will be endless.
To sum up, cold chain logistics has three major pain points:
Food safety is low.
Although China has successively issued cold chain logistics standards such as Traceability Management Requirements and Classification of Food Cold Chain Logistics and Basic Requirements of Cold Chain Logistics, most of these standards are recommended reference standards and lack of mandatory force.
For the fresh agricultural products industry, due to many circulation links, high circulation standards, no industry standards and effective supervision, product quality is difficult to guarantee.
The cold chain logistics system is not perfect.
Fresh agricultural products need the close cooperation of all links in the transportation process, which objectively requires a more comprehensive and systematic infrastructure construction. The construction process of food cold chain system in China is relatively slow, which directly restricts the improvement of cold chain circulation rate.
Cold chain logistics technology professionals are scarce.
The construction and operation of cold chain system need to be highly specialized and completed by professionals, including technical talents, information talents and management talents.
According to statistics, there are about 200,000 full-time logistics graduates in China every year, but the logistics talent gap is as high as 6.5438+0.3 million, and the demand is extremely obvious. Among them, the supply of professional cold chain logistics talents is more severe, and many practitioners lack in-depth understanding of cold chain logistics technology, which greatly affects the development of cold chain logistics.
Before the epidemic? Cold chain logistics still needs development.
Looking forward to the future, cold chain logistics is promising. Based on the present situation, many problems faced by the cold chain industry still need to be addressed and solved by government departments, industry associations and enterprises.
1. It is necessary to establish an emergency linkage mechanism and open a white list of transportation during the epidemic or other emergencies to make the cold chain transportation smoother;
2. Organization or enterprise (scale, green pass, etc. ) Take the operation standard and management ability as the regional leadership, temporarily set up a regional cold chain logistics team, integrate the resources of vehicles and drivers, make unified dispatch, solve the operation problems of regional members, and ensure the supply of emergency materials such as food;
3. Due to the differences between local transportation policies and national policies, the implementation is based on local policies. Strict restrictions on licensed vehicles in many regions and provinces have seriously affected the recovery of enterprise transportation capacity. It is suggested to build a more comprehensive public information platform, so that enterprises can know the policy trends and other information at the first time, and establish unified standards to facilitate the improvement of the efficiency of cold chain transportation of fruits and vegetables in emergencies;
4. To ensure the safety of cold chain logistics process, promote intensive management, promote holistic nursing unit operation, and reduce personnel contact in all links;
5. During the epidemic period, there were many problems such as insufficient trailer capacity, lack of cold plug, reefer container backlog and so on in the customs declaration and refrigerated distribution at the port, which led to a sharp increase in the additional cost and risk of refrigerated container transportation, which was alleviated in the later period. It is suggested to establish port emergency plan and safeguard measures;
6. Data backup, risk prediction, map making and regular emergency training are carried out in the early stage of the disaster, so as to plan ahead, and the internal and external risks of the enterprise are classified and managed during the disaster.
7. During the epidemic, online consumption habits were cultivated, and the business volume of various fresh e-commerce platforms exploded. How to strengthen the supply chain with fresh e-commerce and jointly build a more perfect cold chain logistics system is something that practitioners in the cold chain logistics industry should think about.
8. Compared with the difference of modes, what really opens the gap of cold chain logistics peers lies in the supply chain ability and refined operation ability behind it, which essentially tests the organizational ability and digital ability of enterprises.
9. The epidemic situation is critical, and the cold chain industry needs the promotion of science and technology in the later stage. The whole process can be traced and visualized, with a higher level of resource scheduling and utilization and a more efficient emergency mechanism.
10. Through this epidemic, we can combine business flow and logistics, jointly market, open a green channel for producing areas, and help unsalable agricultural products go up by optimizing network advantages.
1 1. The epidemic situation exposed the problems existing in the construction of China's food supply chain system and the shortcomings of enterprises themselves. Enterprises should seize this opportunity to improve and reflect, and provide more effective solutions for customers.
12, more players in fresh retail enter the market, which can accelerate the cultivation of professionals in the industry and stimulate each other to promote the innovation of goods and services. More importantly, it can promote the evolution of fresh retail upstream, the standardization and branding of goods and the common development of food safety.
We have seen too many stories of epidemics forcing industrial upgrading. Perhaps this is also a brand-new development opportunity for cold chain logistics.
This article comes from car home, the author of the car manufacturer, and does not represent car home's position.