Han Zhongzong Xiaoxuan Emperor Liu Xun Emperor Xuan was one of the four emperors with temple titles in the Western Han Dynasty.

|Alive = 91 BC - 49 BC

|Reigned = 73 BC - 49 BC

|Year number=

Benshi: 73 BC - 70 BC

Dijie: 69 BC - 66 BC

Yuankang: 65 BC - 61 BC

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Shenjue: 60 BC - 58 BC

Five Phoenix: 57 BC - 54 BC

Manna: 53 BC - 50 BC

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Huanglong: 49 BC

Liu Xun, Emperor Xuan of the Han Dynasty (91 BC - 49 BC, whose real name was Liu Bingji, and whose courtesy name was Ciqing. After he ascended the throne, he changed his name to Xun, and was the tenth emperor of the Western Han Dynasty (Reigned from 73 BC to 49 BC). Great-grandson of Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty and grandson of the violent prince Liu Ju.

Before and after his accession

In the second year of Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty (91 BC). ), the "Witch Gu Disaster" broke out, and Liu Bingji's grandfather, the then crown prince Liu Zhi, and his father, the grandson of Emperor Shi Liu Jin, were both killed. Liu Bingji, who was just born, was also thrown into prison because some people said. Emperor Wu ordered all the prisoners to be executed, and Tingwei Supervisor Bing Ji fought hard to save Liu Bingji's life. The next day, Emperor Wu revoked the order because he was still a baby, and Bing Ji was in prison. Two female prisoners were selected to be his wet nurses. After Liu Ju's case was rehabilitated, Liu Bing had already lived in his grandmother Shi Liangdi's natal family.

In the first year of Emperor Zhao of the Han Dynasty (before 75 BC). In 74 AD), Emperor Zhao of the Han Dynasty died, and his nephew Liu He, king of Changyi, was proclaimed emperor by Huo Guang, Huo Qubing's half-brother. Liu He did 1,127 ridiculous things within 21 days of taking the throne and was deposed. Bing Ji, then the doctor of Guanglu, recommended Liu Bingji to Huo Guang, so Huo Guang appointed Liu Bingji, who was 19 years old at the time, as Emperor Xuan of the Han Dynasty.

When Emperor Xuan first came to the throne, political affairs were decided by Guang. The courtiers and the Empress Dowager Shangguan all believed that Huo Guang's youngest daughter Huo Chengjun should be made the queen. However, Emperor Xuan missed the old relationship and "edicted Wei Shi's old sword", so the officials decided to make Xu Pingjun the queen. Huo Guang's wife was very angry. In the first three years, he sent someone to kill Queen Xu (posthumously named "Queen Gongai"), but Huo Guang instructed Emperor Xuan not to pursue the matter; the following year, Huo Chengjun got his wish and became the queen.

In the second year of Dijie (68 BC). ) Huo Guang died of illness, and Emperor Xuan began to take charge of the government and gradually began to deprive the Huo family of their power. The Huo family began to feel fear. In the fourth year of Dijie, the Huo family attempted to launch a coup. The incident was exposed and the family was destroyed. Queen Huo was also deposed in the same year.

Political Achievements and Evaluation

Because Emperor Xuan had lived among the people for a long time and was well aware of the sufferings of the people, during his reign, he governed the country diligently and frugally, further confirming the status of Confucianism, and he also relaxed the people's minds and set requirements for ministers. Especially after Emperor Xuan took charge, the politics of the Han Dynasty became clearer and the social economy became more prosperous. During the two decades of taking charge, he focused on purging officials and strengthening imperial power. He not only eliminated the corrupt Huo family, but also punished them. In order to maintain the normal operation of the law, Emperor Xuan killed some high-status, corrupt officials. In addition to attaching importance to people's lives, they also strengthened the central government's control over local areas. In addition, Emperor Xuan summoned famous Confucian scholars to discuss the similarities and differences of the Five Classics in Weiyang Palace, with the purpose of consolidating imperial power and unifying thought. Others include abolishing some harsh laws, repeatedly exempting land rents and calculating taxes, recruiting exiles, and continuing Huo Guang's policies in developing agricultural production. When it comes to relations with surrounding ethnic minorities, both soft and hard tactics are used. He defeated the Western Qiang and defeated the Che division. At that time, civil strife broke out among the Xiongnu. In the third year of Ganlu (51 BC), Huhanxie Chanyu went to Wuyuan Fortress in person and asked to join the dynasty and become a vassal of the Han Dynasty. Emperor Xuan was able to complete what Emperor Wu had not accomplished with all his military strength. merit.

During the reign of Emperor Xuan, "officials were competent in their duties and the people were safe and secure", which was known as the "Zhongxing". It should be said that the reign of Emperor Xuan was the time when the Han Dynasty had the strongest military force and the most prosperous economy. Therefore, history books He greatly admired Emperor Xuan and said: "The rule of Xiaoxuan, trustworthy rewards must be punished, and civilized and martial arts can be called ZTE." His reign and that of his predecessor Liu Fuling, Emperor Zhao of the Han Dynasty, were collectively known as Zhaoxuan Zhongxing.

In the first year of Huanglong (49 BC), Emperor Xuan of the Han Dynasty passed away. He reigned for 25 years at the age of 44. His posthumous title was Emperor Xiaoxuan, and his temple name was Zhongzong. After his death, he was buried in Du in the eastern suburbs of Xi'an today. Mausoleum.

About Emperor Xuan

Emperor Xuan was the only emperor in Chinese history who suffered in prison before ascending the throne.

The reason why Emperor Xuan changed his name to "Xun" was that the words "ill" and "ji" were too commonly used and it was difficult for his subjects to avoid taboos.

The emotional entanglement between Emperor Xuan and Empress Xu and Empress Huo is the theme of the Yue Opera "Han Palace Grudge".

As a politician, Emperor Xuan made a famous saying when reprimanding the prince Liu Shi: "The Han family has its own system, which is originally based on the overlord's way. How can it be purely based on moral education and Zhou Zheng?"

Emperor Xuan, named Liu Xun (91 BC - 49 BC), was the great-grandson of Liu Che, Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty, and the grandson of Prince Ruili (Liu Ju). King Changyi succeeded to the throne after being deposed. After reigning for 25 years, he died of illness at the age of 42. Buried in Duling (15 miles southeast of today's Xi'an City, Shaanxi Province).

Liu Xun, whose real name is Bing Ji and whose courtesy name is Ciqing. Grandson of Prince Ru (Liu Ju), grandson of Emperor Shi Liu Jinzi. A few months after he was born, there was a witchcraft incident according to Liu. Liu Ju was framed by Jiang Chong and was suspected by his father, Emperor Wu. He was afraid of the disaster and was forced to raise an army to attack Jiang Chong. He was defeated and forced to commit suicide. His mother Wei Zifu (Empress Wu of the Han Dynasty and Wei Qing's sister) also hanged herself, implicating the whole family, and the survivors were also deprived of their citizenship. Liu Xun was adopted by his grandmother Shi's family and lived among the people. After King Changyi was deposed in the first year of Yuanping (74 BC), Huo Guang and other ministers welcomed him into the palace from the people. He was first named Marquis of Yangwu and succeeded to the throne in July of the same year at the age of 18. . In the second year, the year name was changed to "Benshi".

Because Liu Xun encountered changes in his childhood and lived among the people for a long time, he had an understanding of the sufferings of the people and the gains and losses of officials, which had a direct impact on his governance.

At the beginning of Liu Xun's accession to the throne, he was entrusted with government affairs by Huo Guang. After Huo Guang's death in the second year of Dijie (68 BC), he began to take charge personally. He vigorously rectified the official administration and strengthened the emperor's authority. In order to break the Huo family's influence on the government, he ordered the ministers to report in order to smoothen the situation, and stipulated that all officials below the prime minister should perform their duties in order to facilitate assessment. In the fourth year of Dijie, the Queen Huo family was deposed because of the rebellion of the Grand Sima Huo Yu, thus completely eliminating the power of the Huo family.

During his reign, Liu Xun worked hard to govern, appointed talented people, and talented officials emerged in large numbers. He can pay attention to reducing the burden on the people and restoring and developing agricultural production. He also attached great importance to the governance of officials and believed that the way to govern the country should be based on "hegemonic" and "kingly" governance, and opposed full-time Confucianism. In terms of external relations, Liu Xun united with Wusun to attack the Xiongnu in the second year of Benshi (72 BC). Later, taking advantage of the internal division of the Xiongnu, he established friendly relations with Huhanxie Chanyu, gradually calming down the border. The Protectorate of the Western Regions was also established, making the Western Regions officially belong to the central government of the Western Han Dynasty. In the first year of Shenjue (61 BC), the Western Qiang were defeated. Later general Zhao Chongguo implemented farming and strengthened border defense to make the Qiang people submit.

During Liu Xun's reign, "officials were competent in their duties and the people were in peace with their jobs", which was known as the "Xuan Emperor Zhongxing" in history. However, due to the deep-rooted shortcomings of the Western Han Dynasty, the measures Liu Xun vigorously promoted to appease the exiles and stabilize people's livelihood were not enough to fundamentally solve the land annexation problem. After his son Emperor Yuan came to the throne, social conflicts further intensified, and finally the Western Han Dynasty collapsed.

In the winter of 49 BC, Liu Xun fell ill and became seriously ill in December. He ordered Shi Gao, the Marquis of Leling, to be the Great Sima and Chariot General, and the Crown Prince Xiao Wangzhi to be the former General. The young master Zhou Lukan was appointed as the Guanglu doctor, and he also assisted the prince.

Not long after, Liu Xun died of illness in Weiyang Palace in Chang'an. His posthumous temple name was Zhongzong and his posthumous title was Emperor Xuan.