Teaching plan for high school politics compulsory course 4 "The Process of Searching for Truth"

1. Clear test points

1. The concept and characteristics of practice

2. Practice is the basis of cognition

3. The objectivity, concreteness and conditionality of truth

4. Truth and fallacy

5. Repetition of cognition Nature and infinity

2. Test situation analysis

This lesson mainly talks about epistemological knowledge (practice is the basis of cognition; the objectivity, concreteness and conditionality of truth; cognition Repeatability and infinite nature, etc.), among which practice is the basis of understanding and is a high-frequency test point of the college entrance examination (2009 Hainan Paper Question 23 and Jiangsu Paper Question 35 are tested in the form of subjective questions, and Guangdong Literature Basic Questions 16 are tested in the form of multiple choice questions)

3. Sorting out basic knowledge

(1) Where does human knowledge come from?

1. Practice and its characteristics

( 1) Meaning: people’s activities.

① Practice is a material activity that takes subject and object ② Practice is an activity

(2) Characteristics: , and

(3) Form: , and

Corresponding exercises I, (2009 Anhui Volume 10) my country's rural reform in the new era is gradually launched and promoted sequentially on the basis of constantly summarizing experience. It has experienced From "big contract work" to tax and fee reform, and then to the comprehensive reform process including township institutions and management systems, it has greatly promoted the development of my country's rural economy and society. The process of my country's rural reform shows ( )

①Practice is seen objectively in subjective activities ②Human practical activities are social and historical

③The development of cognition is a spiral process ④Only by participating in social practice can we gain correct understanding

A. ①② B. ③④ C. ②③ D. ②④

II. (2009 Hainan Volume 22)? Earth Hour? Activities Savings Although energy is limited, when environmental awareness is deeply rooted in human nature and turned into the practice of consciously protecting the environment, it will make a huge contribution to global energy conservation and emission reduction. This shows that

①Practice is an active material activity that is subjective and objective ②Practice is an activity that transforms the world according to the subjective inner nature

③Practice has agency, sociality and objectivity The outstanding characteristics of ④ Practice is the effective and reasonable adaptive activity of human beings in response to the environment

A.①② B. ①③ C. ②③ D. ③④

2. Practice is the basis of understanding< /p>

　(1) Practice is understanding (2) Practice is understanding development

　(3) Practice is testing (4) Practice is understanding and

　☆ Note☆ Practice is the only source of knowledge, but it is not the only way to gain knowledge. There are two ways to gain knowledge: direct experience and indirect experience.

(2) Pursue and develop truth in practice

1. Truth is objective

(1) Meaning: The philosophical category of signs is people’s understanding of Objective things and their laws

(2) The most basic attributes of truth:

(3) Everyone is equal before the truth: many different opinions will arise for the same certain object Understanding, but there can only be one truth.

2. Truth is specific and conditional

(1) Truth is conditional (conditional). Any truth has its own application

(2) Truth is concrete (concreteness). Any truth is relative to , and is the specific historical unity of ,

.

(3) The conditionality and specificity of truth show that truth and truth often go hand in hand.

Correspondence exercise Ⅰ. With the improvement of science and technology, human beings' understanding of the shape of the earth has gone through a long process of "round sky and earth", "round sphere", "oblate sphere" and "irregular oblate sphere". process. The philosophy embodied in the process of human understanding of the shape of the earth is ( )

A. Innovation is the breakthrough and abandonment of existing theories B. Understanding is repeated many times and infinitely developed in practice

< p> C. Consciousness changes with changes in the objective world D. There will be multiple truths about the same certain object

II. The sound and rapid development of the national economy is the essence of fully implementing the Scientific Outlook on Development Require. Explanation of the change in formulation from the original national economy? Fast and good? to Good and fast? ( )

A. The world is material, and consciousness has a reaction to material B. Things are all opposites Unified

C. Values ??have positive guiding significance for people’s practical activities

D. Truth is relative, and understanding always changes and develops with changes in practice

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III. Thirty years ago, a great discussion on the standard of truth kicked off China’s reform and opening up. The process of pursuing truth is not smooth sailing. Tagore said: The river of truth flows through the ditch of its errors. ?This shows that ( )

A. Truth and fallacy exist in comparison B. Truth and fallacy merge with each other

C. Truth is based on fallacy D. Truth and fallacy interact with each other Differences

2. The pursuit of truth is a process

(1) Understanding is iterative. People's correct understanding of a thing often needs to be repeated many times before it can be completed. (Understand the reasons for the repetitive nature of knowledge)

(2) Knowledge is infinite. The pursuit of truth is an ongoing process. (Understand the reasons for the infinity of cognition)

(3) The repetition and infinity of cognition show that from practice to cognition, from cognition to practice is not a circular cyclic movement, but a kind of or .

3. Exploring key issues

1. Correct understanding? Practice is the basis of understanding?

Corresponding exercise I, (2009 Guangdong Cultural Foundation 16)? It is false to use knowledge for decoration, and it is the eccentricity of scholars to rely entirely on the rules of knowledge to judge things. ?This shows that ( )

A. Book knowledge is more important than personal practice B. Practice is the only way to obtain knowledge

C. Practice is the standard for testing the truth of knowledge D. Book knowledge should be combined with specific practice

II. (2009 Hainan Volume 18) Recently, some scientists in our country used the technical method of aluminum beryllium burial dating to determine that Peking Man lived about 770,000 years ago. , previously, based on other dating methods, the academic community accepted the statement of "four to five million years ago". The above archaeological research shows that

　①Any specific practice has limitations in testing the truth of understanding< /p>

②Expert-recognized inspection methods and archaeological conclusions have higher reliability

③Different archaeological practice methods will inevitably lead to different archaeological conclusions

④Different Archaeological conclusions should be constantly retested by new archaeological practices

A.①② B. ②③ C. ③④ D. ①④

III. (2009 Hainan Volume 23) Analysis question: Follow With the development of civilization, reading has become an important way for people to learn knowledge, share experiences, and shape their personal spiritual world. Some people say: A person's spiritual development history is his own reading history.

Use the relevant principles of epistemology to analyze: A person’s spiritual development history is his own reading history.

2. Repetition and infinity of understanding

Understand the causes of misunderstandings and conclusions

Repetition

Infinity

< p>Corresponding Exercise I, (2009 Liaoning, Ningxia Volume 21) Scientific research is an activity of understanding the unknown world. Tracking the current status of scientific development to refine problems depends on the academic quality and theoretical interest of the researcher.

In scientific understanding activities ( ) wwwB.ks5u.com

① The formation of scientific questions follows the inherent laws of the objective world ② The raising of scientific questions is highly related to the level of scientific development

③ Science The choice of questions reflects the interests and hobbies of the researcher ④Scientific questions originate from practice and determine the level of practice www.ks5 A.①② B. ②③ C. ③④ D. ①④

　Ⅱ, (2009 Zhejiang Vol. 32) A scientific research team measured 5,000 Glacier Leopard Spiders and found that between 1996 and 2005, the size of this spider increased by an average of 8%-10%. During the same period, the local annual thaw period advanced by 20-25%. Days, this supports their suspicion that drastic climate change has affected the growth of local spiders. The leader of the research team said that the consequences of this impact are very complicated and cannot be estimated at once. This statement reflects

　① The connection between things is objective and unconditional ② The exposure and display of the essence of things There is a process

③ There are always some secrets in the world that cannot be understood by people ④ Human understanding is repetitive and infinite

　A ①② B ③④ C ①③ D ②④

< p>Ⅲ. (2009 Jiangsu Volume 35) Since April 2009, the influenza that spread from Mexico was initially diagnosed as swine flu. Later, the World Health Organization and other authoritative organizations found that this influenza virus actually contained genetic fragments of three influenza viruses: swine influenza, human influenza and avian influenza, so this new type of influenza was renamed influenza A (H1N1), which our country calls It's influenza A H1N1. With the deepening of research, diagnostic technology continues to improve, prevention and treatment methods are gradually improved, and vaccine development is accelerated.

As soon as the foreign epidemic was announced, the Chinese government attached great importance to it and made every effort to carry out prevention and control work to ensure the health and life safety of the people. On the basis of extensive solicitation of opinions, the Ministry of Health and the Ministry of Agriculture specially formulated and issued diagnosis and treatment plans and emergency plans. Local governments at all levels took timely measures to strictly implement the zero-reporting system for epidemics, designate hospitals for treatment, and establish expert groups for prevention, control and treatment to effectively carry out prevention and control work.

What philosophical principles about human understanding are reflected in the research process of H1N1 influenza?

5. Links to current political hot topics about H1N1 influenza

Ministry of Health Liang Wannian, deputy director of the Emergency Response Office, said: "Through research and exploration, we now have a new understanding of the H1N1 influenza virus. Although it is highly contagious, its illness is mild, and some can be cured without treatment." ?On July 9, 2009, the Ministry of Health issued the "Notice on Further Improving Prevention and Control Measures for Influenza A (H1N1)", which means that my country has officially adjusted its prevention and control strategy for influenza A (H1N1). On July 29, 2009, my country's first batch of H1N1 influenza vaccines produced by Henan Hualan Biotech entered the clinical verification stage in Taizhou, Jiangsu after completing biological and biochemical tests.

According to the Ministry of Health, as of 24:00 on December 20, the State Food and Drug Administration had completed the issuance of 413 batches of influenza A (H1N1) vaccines for 75.249 million doses. A total of 63.51 million vaccines have been received by 31 provinces (autonomous regions and municipalities) across the country and the Xinjiang Production and Construction Corps; a total of 39.99 million people have been vaccinated.

Use the knowledge you have learned to analyze how the above materials reflect that practice is the basis of understanding?

6. Consolidation training

1. Since 1962, Many countries, represented by the United States, have launched Mars probes more than ten times. In 1997, the U.S. Mars Pathfinder sent back photos of ancient water marks on the surface of Mars. In 2002, the U.S. Odyssey discovered that the north pole region of Mars may contain a large amount of "frozen water." In 2008, the US Phoenix touched and tasted water on Mars for the first time, which was a milestone for Mars exploration that has been focusing on finding water for many years.

This shows that ( )

① Practice is a directly realistic activity ② Practice has subjective initiative

③ Practice is social and historical ④ Practice is the main criterion for testing the truth of knowledge< /p>

A. ①②④ B. ②③ C. ①③④ D. ②④

2. The British writer Huizlit said: A pure scholar who knows nothing except books must know nothing about Books are also ignorant. ?There are also famous sayings that are consistent with the philosophy contained in this sentence ( )

①?Learning without thinking will lead to indifference, and thinking without learning will lead to peril? ②?What you learn on paper will eventually feel shallow and useless. If you know this, you must act accordingly?

③? To know it is to know it, and to know it is to know it, and to know it is to know it? ④? It is better to read the wordless book of life than to read a book with words. ?

　A, ①②③ B, ②③④ C, ①③ D, ②④

3. In order to cope with the rapid development of the Internet, the limitations in the design of the first-generation Internet data packet transmission format , the World Internet Engineering Organization designed and officially released the data packet transmission format for the next generation Internet. This shows that ( )

A. Practice is the driving force for the development of knowledge B. Practice is the source of knowledge

C. Truth is objective and absolute D. Knowledge promotes the development of things

4. Promoting the construction of harmonious culture is an important task in building a harmonious society and promoting the great prosperity of socialist culture. ?Without a harmonious culture, it will be difficult to build a harmonious society? This point of view shows ( )

A. Contradiction is the fundamental driving force for the development of things B. Changes in social consciousness determine changes in social existence

C. Cognition has an active reaction on practice D .The main aspects of contradiction determine the development of things

5. If a person stands on the moon, the earth he sees is a sphere and cannot distinguish details; if a person uses an optical telescope with a magnification of 2000 times, he can see the earth The building above; if you use a nano-scanning microscope with a magnification of 100 million times, you can see the sand grains in the soil. This fact shows that ( )

A. People’s cognitive ability is unlimited B. New cognitive tools and methods can promote the development of cognition

C. New problems in practice will Promote the development of practice D. People’s understanding of the objective world is further deepened and expanded

6. Yang Wanwan, known as the number one retail investor in China’s stock market, said that the stock market is a social financial university without walls, only grade repetition and Read again and you will never graduate. This tells us ( )

A. Truth is objective B. Knowledge is infinite and repetitive

C. Practice is social and historical D. There are some things that people cannot understand

7. ?Weather forecasting is still an inexact science?, this conclusion gives us the inspiration that the infinite complexity of natural phenomena determines

① Human understanding will always be Unable to reach the truth ② Human’s understanding of truth contains elements of fallacy

③ Human’s understanding of truth is relativistic ④ Human’s understanding needs to be further developed

　A.①② B.②③ C.①③ D.③④