Junior high school is a period in which students' world outlook is gradually formed. Putting moral education in the first place is the basic starting point of school education. School moral education is a whole composed of various moral education activities organized by the school and moral education activities of various disciplines, and each discipline is responsible for the moral education task formed by its own characteristics. The new physics curriculum standard clearly points out that we should pay attention to improving all students' scientific literacy, cultivating students' emotional attitudes and values, cultivating students' interest in learning physics, and attaching importance to the education of scientific attitudes and methods. Encourage students to think independently and innovate; Combined with physics teaching, dialectical materialism education and patriotism education are carried out.
Through classroom infiltration, the content of moral education gradually enters students' minds and nourishes their hearts. Infiltration is to truly achieve the unity of knowledge and thought, and achieve harmony. In addition to classroom infiltration, teachers also need to have certain strength to do extracurricular activities. Moral education in extracurricular activities mainly depends on edification and infection, thus achieving the purpose of educating people. It is feasible to infiltrate moral education into physics teaching, with various contents and forms.
First, the infiltration of patriotism education in classroom teaching
Patriotism education in physics classroom teaching is mainly based on the history of physics and the achievements made in physics since the founding of the People's Republic of China. In physics teaching, we can introduce the history of physics development in China to students through classroom teaching, exercises, experiments and extracurricular activities, and use pictures, slides, movies, internet and other media means to infiltrate patriotism education into physics teaching. The specific method can be as follows: 1, introducing ancient China.
Junior high school students are new to physics. It is found that most laws and physical units in textbooks are named after foreigners, which is easy to produce national inferiority complex. In view of this situation, I consciously introduce China's outstanding contributions in physics to students in combination with classroom teaching. Speaking of acoustics, I'll say the echo wall of the Temple of Heaven in the Forbidden City. Speaking of optics, I will tell you that our country has expounded the straight-line propagation of light in the Mohist Scripture written by Mozi more than two thousand years ago. Speaking of leverage, I will tell you that as early as 3,000 years ago, our ancestors used the leverage principle to make pouches for pounding grain, orange sticks for pumping water from wells, and scales and pestles that are still widely used in modern society. When studying electromagnetic phenomena, I introduced the compass, one of the four great inventions in China. As early as 22 1 year BC, there were records of "magnets calling iron" in books such as Lu Chunqiu, Guiguzi and Huainanzi in the Warring States Period. The Compass edited by Shen Kuo, a scientist in the Northern Song Dynasty, in 1086 describes in detail the method of making a compass by hand, and clearly points out the magnetic deviation for the first time. Introduce to students that our ancestors began to explore the material essence of nature very early and put forward the theory of "five elements", "vitality" and "atomism". This made the students realize that the level of science and technology in ancient China was world-class, and enhanced their national pride and self-confidence. Why did modern physics in China fall behind? Just because the long-term feudal rule suppressed the development of productive forces, the feudal autocratic thought imprisoned people's thoughts. Feudal education stifled talents, so that students can understand the current situation of science and technology in China and the reasons for its backwardness, and know the national conditions of China realistically, which can greatly stimulate students' sense of responsibility to work hard and revitalize China.
Since the founding of New China, China has made great achievements in physics, some of which have been in the forefront of the world. For example, in the field of nuclear physics research, the explosion of atomic bombs and hydrogen bombs, in the field of aerospace, artificial satellites have entered space, Shenzhou series manned spacecraft have been successfully launched and recovered, and superconducting technology research has always been in the leading position in the world. Examples in real life that are closely related to students have a more obvious educational effect on students. Organize students to set up physics interest groups. Collect scientific and technological information in the library and online, so that students can keep abreast of China's scientific and technological achievements.
After the completion of teaching tasks in each class, I consciously tell students the stories of scientists such as Qian Xuesen and Li Siguang: when New China was just founded, they resolutely gave up the excellent living conditions abroad and broke through many obstacles to return to the embrace of the motherland, making indelible contributions to the scientific and technological development of New China. The story of Zhan Tianyou, an engineering expert, and Mao Yisheng, a bridge expert, was told to the students, which made them understand that scientists are not only rich in scientific knowledge, but also full of patriotic enthusiasm. This not only enlivens the classroom atmosphere, improves the interest in learning, but also unconsciously injects the idea of loving the motherland into students' hearts, which plays a role of "moistening things and being silent".
Second, use the deeds and aphorisms of Chinese and foreign physicists to educate students' life and values in class.
When teaching Newton's first law of motion, students can be introduced to Newton's famous saying, "I am like a child playing by the sea, and occasionally I find a beautiful shell." If I see farther than others, it is because I stand on the shoulders of giants. " Through this famous saying, students can be educated to be modest and prudent in their studies, and the persistence of this experimental physicist can be introduced when teaching Joule's Law. He is self-taught. The story of Ampere and Oster's persistent persistence in experiments; There are also two founding fathers of our country, Deng Jiaxian and Qian Xuesen, who broke through many obstacles and resolutely gave up the superior life and rich conditions abroad and returned to China with full patriotic enthusiasm and ambition to serve the country; For the nuclear cause of the motherland, the great scientist Wang bid farewell to Beijing, where he lived comfortably, and came to the inaccessible northwest plateau for more than ten years. Physicists' realistic attitude, indomitable will, the spirit of hard study and exploration, and the virtue of dedication are all good teaching materials for educating students. Through this example, let students understand the hardships of scientific inquiry and realize that they should persevere and study science diligently.
Third, combine theory with law to educate students on Marxist philosophy-dialectical materialism.
In the process of physics teaching, we should pay attention to starting from objective facts, taking experiments as the basis, and combining relevant concepts and laws to cultivate students' dialectical materialist views. Teachers should give examples of physical phenomena that happen around students, grasp the essential relationship between things, and correctly analyze physical phenomena and physical processes. Let students gradually establish a correct outlook on life and world. For example, Newton's first law of motion, Archimedes' law of light reflection, Ohm's law and the law of conservation of energy transformation in junior high school physics textbooks all reflect the materialistic view that knowledge comes from practice. These conclusions are summarized by many scientists after repeated practice, understanding, re-practice and re-understanding. Teachers should pay attention to standardized operation and real records when demonstrating experiments in class.
Fourthly, in experimental teaching, students' exploration spirit and personality cultivation should be infiltrated.
Physics is a natural science based on experiments. The operation of experiments and the observation of phenomena can cultivate students' scientific attitude of seeking truth from facts and establish the concept that practice is the basis of testing truth. Teachers' demonstration experiments can cultivate students' observation ability, and students' experiments can cultivate students' hands-on operation ability. If you experiment in groups, you can also cultivate the spirit of cooperation between students and people. The exchange of experimental results can strengthen the cultivation of students' self-confidence and modesty. When dealing with experimental data, educate students to cultivate the virtues of seeking truth from facts and respecting facts. Change some verification experiments into exploratory experiments, so that students can carry out inquiry learning. Through this learning method, students' learning attitude is more positive, which can also promote their positive thinking and gradually form their innovative consciousness of continuous exploration.
5. Infiltrate the spirit of unity and cooperation in physics teaching and experience the fun of cooperation.
Many great achievements in physics have been achieved through cooperation and mutual help among many scientists. For example, Faraday is good at experimental research, and Maxwell is good at theoretical generalization. On the basis of Faraday's law of electromagnetic induction, Maxwell established Maxwell's equations by using mathematical knowledge, which laid the foundation of electromagnetic field theory. Yang Zhenning and Li Zhengdao worked together and finally discovered the law of parity conservation. In physics teaching, these typical cases are used to educate students correctly in the spirit of unity and cooperation.
To sum up, it is not difficult to see that moral education in physics teaching is an important part of students' moral education. Because of the characteristics of physics course, it is impossible to carry out moral education directly in physics teaching, but more can only be infiltrated and imperceptibly influenced, so that students can receive education while receiving knowledge. As long as ideological, informative and interesting are organically combined in teaching, instead of mechanically applying them far-fetched and violating the teaching rules, it will certainly have a good influence on students, because subtle infiltration is often more attractive to students than explicit positive indoctrination. Teaching practice has repeatedly proved that a teacher's words can often impress students and benefit them for life.