1. Li Zhensheng, winner of the highest national science and technology award, said: "Decades of experience have made me deeply realize that studying philosophy can really make people make fewer mistakes when doing things and make fewer detours when doing research." This kind of emotion shows that ()
A. Philosophy is the foundation of specific scientific.
B. philosophy is the generalization of human laws in a specific field.
C philosophy is a scientific world outlook and methodology.
D. True philosophy can guide people to correctly understand and transform the world.
With every epoch-making discovery in the field of natural science, materialism will inevitably change its form. The philosophical truth of this assertion is ()
A. specific scientific is the foundation of philosophy.
B. Philosophy provides guidance for the world outlook and methodology of specific science.
C. Philosophy is the forerunner of social change
D. Philosophy is a scientific science.
3. The main basic problem of all philosophy, especially modern philosophy, is the relationship between thinking and existence. This is because the relationship between thinking and existence is ()
A. The question that materialists must answer first
B. The question that the idealist must answer first
C. the fundamental symbol of distinguishing knowability from agnosticism
D. Questions that all philosophy cannot avoid and must answer.
4. The following view is consistent with the comic book view ()
A. I think, therefore I am
B. Angry people are justified.
C. Form survives, then God survives, form thanks, and then God dies.
D. there is no way without it.
5. Marx said: "Everything that exists, everything that lives on the ground and in the water, can only exist and live because of some kind of movement." This argument shows that ()
A. Motion is the inherent property and existing mode of matter.
Matter is the carrier of motion.
C.there is nothing fixed in the world.
D. the movement of matter is regular.
6. Xunzi said in "On Heaven": "Praise it from heaven and use it to control the destiny." The philosophy embodied in this sentence is ()
A. people can't obey nature, but should transform it.
B. People should not only respect laws, but also understand and apply objective laws.
C. we must give full play to subjective initiative and reform objective laws.
D. between man and nature, man's needs are the first.
7. In April 2007, a large-scale outbreak of cyanobacteria in Taihu Lake seriously affected the drinking water safety of people in Taihu Lake area. Subsequently, Dianchi Lake and Chaohu Lake broke out one after another, and China entered the stage of "intensive outbreak of water pollution", which highlighted the pain of rapid economic growth. The philosophy embodied in the above materials is ()
A. There is a connection between any two things in the world.
B. the relationship between man and nature is the basic problem of philosophy.
C. violation of objective laws will be punished by law.
D. solving the problem of cyanobacteria is the main contradiction in current society.
8. "Caigentan" has a cloud: "The wind comes to sparse bamboo, and the wind does not leave a sound; The geese are too cold in the pool, and they go to the pool without taking pictures. So when the gentleman comes, the heart begins to appear, and when he goes, the heart is empty. " The correct understanding of this is ()
A. the mind can decide everything.
Consciousness is the reflection of objective existence.
C. Things are unknown
D. the movement of matter is regular.
9. It is predicted that the GDP growth rate will slow down in 2008, and it is expected to remain close to 1 1%. People can predict the future economic situation, which shows that ()
A. consciousness plays a decisive role in matter
B. People can actively understand the world.
C. Consciousness can actively transform the world.
D. I'm afraid I can't do it, but I'm afraid I can't think of it
10. General Secretary Hu Jintao pointed out that it is necessary to vigorously carry forward the spirit of seeking truth and being pragmatic in the whole Party. Seeking truth from facts, from a philosophical point of view, we must ()
A. Give full play to subjective initiative to understand and reform the law
B. Insist on proceeding from reality and seeking truth from facts.
C. Emancipate your mind and dare to think and do.
D. Recognizing the decisive role of thinking in survival
1 1. Hegel believes that practice is to "specify" and transform the objective world according to the subjective inner nature. This view denies practicality ()
A. Objective importance
B. Infinite rise
C. Subjective initiative
D. Relative stability
12. "recite 300 poems, teach them to be political, but not up to; Make it everywhere, not just right; Although a lot, what do you think? " From a philosophical point of view, Confucius emphasized ()
A. Practice is the source of knowledge
B. Practice is the fundamental driving force of cognitive development.
C. Practice is the ultimate goal of cognition
D. practice is the only criterion for testing the truth.
13. Compared with the previous formulation of "sound and rapid development", "sound and rapid development" and "words first" have become the new coordinates of China economy in 2008. This shows that ()
A. knowledge can promote the development of practice
B. Cognition plays a decisive role in practice
C. knowledge is infinite and constantly rising.
D. Cognition can never be correct
14. Citigroup of the United States announced a loss of $9.83 billion in the fourth quarter of 2007. Affected by this, global stock markets plummeted collectively. This reflects ()
A. the connection between things is objective.
B.everything is related to other things around.
C. quantitative change will inevitably lead to qualitative change
D. changes in the whole will affect some parts
15. "If there is constancy, why do you sleep at night? The most useless thing is to be frozen for ten days a day. " The following famous words are consistent with the philosophical truth contained in this couplet ()
A. if you use books, you hate them less, and if things are difficult, you will pass.
B. the feeling from the paper is very shallow and I don't know how to do it.
C. It takes time to get old.
D. there is a road to diligence in shushan, and there is no limit to learning the sea.
16. A paper-making worker in Germany accidentally made a mistake in the formula, resulting in a lot of unwritten waste paper. But he soon discovered a new use of waste paper, named "absorbent paper", which sold out quickly in the market. Instruct workers to find the winning move from the lost chess ()
A. Both sides of the contradiction are contending.
B. the two sides of the contradiction are interdependent.
C. Contradictions can be transformed into each other under certain conditions.
D. Adversity is a necessary condition for success
17. Peking Opera is the quintessence of our country. Watching Peking Opera can distinguish different roles according to facial makeup and different genres according to different vocals. This shows that ()
A. look at the problem and distinguish the mainstream from the tributaries.
B. Contradictions exist in everything
C. contradictions run through the development process of everything.
D. the particularity of contradiction is the basis for distinguishing one thing from other things.
18. Radix Rehmanniae Preparata, Radix Paeoniae Alba, Radix Angelicae Sinensis and Rhizoma Chuanxiong are the basic Chinese herbal medicines for treating blood deficiency, headache and dizziness. However, in clinical use, if qi deficiency exists at the same time, ginseng and astragalus should be added; If blood deficiency is cold, it is necessary to add processed ginger and cinnamon; If blood deficiency is accompanied by fever, Rhizoma Coptidis should be added. The clinical application of Siwu decoction is embodied in ()
A. Generalizing universality from particularity
B. Personality research under the guidance of B.* *
C. the process from practice to theory
D. The process from subjective to objective
19. Paying attention to people's livelihood, attaching importance to people's livelihood, ensuring people's livelihood and improving people's livelihood are the requirements of our party's purpose of serving the people wholeheartedly, an important duty of the people's government and the key to building a harmonious socialist society at present. This shows that ()
A. The status of major and minor contradictions in our society has changed.
B people's livelihood, as a minor contradiction, determines the solution of major contradictions.
C. solving people's livelihood problems is a concrete manifestation of solving major social contradictions.
D. People's livelihood has become the basic contradiction in the primary stage of socialism.
20. belinsky said: "Without negation, human history will become a stagnant stinking puddle." The enlightenment of this sentence is ()
A. The development of human history is the complete negation of the old system by the new system.
B. dialectical negation is a link in the development of things.
C. As long as you dare to deny it, you can push things forward.
D. Is negation an absolutely incompatible opposition?
2 1. The Central Economic Work Conference emphasized that in 2008, it is necessary to stabilize policies, moderately fine-tune, grasp the overall situation, highlight key points, make overall plans, pay attention to people's livelihood, be active and steady, and leave room. Highlighting the key points in the materials and making overall plans refer to ()
A. adhere to the key theory and grasp the main contradiction.
B attach importance to the quantitative change of things and adhere to the principle of moderation.
C. Pay attention to the local role and give full play to the overall advantages
D. Adhere to the combination of two-point theory and key theory
22. General Secretary Hu Jintao said: "Who to trust, who to rely on and for whom, whether to always stand in the position of the overwhelming majority of the people is a watershed to distinguish historical materialism from historical idealism, and also a touchstone to judge Marxist political parties."
Philosophically, this is because ()
A. People are the subject of practice and the creator of history.
B. Social existence determines social consciousness
C. people's understanding conforms to the objective law of social development.
D. the people represent the interests of the majority.
23. From a philosophical point of view, the following figure reflects ()
A. the value of life lies in self-satisfaction
B. Value judgment and value choice are social historic.
C. Value judgment plays a decisive role in practice.
D. Social consciousness is independent
24. In 2007, the five-month "Pride of China People"-thanking and looking for heroes was announced on June 9, 2007. In 2007, more than a dozen civilian heroes who stood up in eight crises won the title of "Pride of China People". Their deeds tell us ()
A person's value lies in his responsibility and contribution to society, creating value through labor and dedication, evaluating a person's value mainly depends on his spiritual contribution, and realizing value through the unity of individual and society?
A.①②③
B.①③④
C.①②④
D.②③④
Second, multiple-choice questions (two or more of the four options given in each small question meet the meaning of the question. )
25. A painter painted a waterfall with rapids. Next to a small tree, a bird was sleeping in its nest. He named the painting Jing. The painter painted the true meaning of silence because he knew ().
A. there is stillness in motion, and there is motion in stillness.
B. Movement is stillness, and stillness is movement.
C. contradiction is the unity of opposites
D. stillness is relative
26. "I dropped a nail and broke a shoe; Broke a shoe and a horse; Fold a horse and hurt a knight; Wounded a knight and lost a battle; Lost a battle and lost an empire. " The philosophical truth revealed by this folk song is ()
A. any phenomenon is caused by other phenomena.
B.everything is related to its surroundings?
C. the result of the development of things is irregular and unpredictable.
D. the movement and change of things always start with small and insignificant changes.
27. Being eager for quick success and instant benefit, making ends meet, and over-exploitation are the problems existing in the process of urbanization in some places in recent years. Philosophically, these problems arise because ()
A. This violates the objectivity of law.
B. there is no overall concept.
C. Scientific Outlook on Development has not established
D. Failure to exert subjective initiative
28. In the following agricultural proverbs, the same philosophy as "cooked sweet potatoes with eggplant and cultivated flowers with lettuce" is ().
A. point tung on the mountainside and plant land under the mountain.
B. Fertilizing crops is skillful, and we should also look at the seedlings according to the sky and the ground.
C. a grain and a drop of sweat, each of which is gold.
D. hit six or nine heads in spring, prepare for farming, and start work early.
General Secretary Hu Jintao emphasized that cadres at all levels, especially leading cadres, should further enhance their awareness of hardship, public servants and frugality, and unite and lead the broad masses to win new victories in reform, opening up and socialist modernization. Answer questions 29 ~ 3 1 accordingly.
29. In the critical period of reform and development, further enhancing the sense of hardship requires us to ().
A. Insist on looking at the problem from a comprehensive perspective
B. Look at the decisive role of principal contradiction in the nature of things
C. correctly understand the law of complementary development of things
D. Grasp the diversity and unconditional connection of things
30. Establish a sense of public servants, always keep in mind the purpose of serving the people wholeheartedly, and ask our leading cadres ()
A. stick to the standard and realize the value of life
B. Establish a correct world outlook, outlook on life and values
C. transform the subjective world first, and then transform the objective world.
D. establish the mass viewpoint and adhere to the mass line.
3 1. Enhance frugality awareness and always carry forward the spirit of hard struggle ()
A is the highest standard of value judgment and value choice.
B. it is a correct value choice based on national conditions.
C. it contributes to the success of activities to transform the world.
D is the key to solving all contradictions correctly.
32. The correct attitude towards life taught by dialectical negation should be ()
A. Dare to deny yourself, develop yourself and surpass yourself.
B. Say "no" to authority, doubt and deny everything.
C. Get rid of backward ideas and open up new horizons
D cultivate critical thinking and "discard the useless" the experience of others.
33. "If it is a drop of water, you should moisten the earth; If it is a ray of sunshine, you should light up a darkness; If it is a grain, it will give birth to life ... "This sentence tells us to ().
A. Realizing value in the unity of individual and society
B. Creating value through labor and dedication
C. Prove your worth in personal struggle
D. Self-fulfilling success
Third, short answer questions
34. A research group in a middle school started a research study on the topic of "Current situation and countermeasures of rural land resources utilization". The research group conducted field research in villages A, B and C, and found that the increase of migrant workers in villages B and C led to serious waste of idle land. Although there are no similar problems in Village A, there are a large number of heavily polluted township enterprises, which seriously affect agricultural production and people's lives. On the basis of investigation, the research team suggested to the municipal government: strengthen the government's macro-control, make overall plans and make scientific plans to solve the problem of idle land waste in villages B and C; Shut down the heavily polluting enterprises in Village A, develop characteristic agriculture and promote the coordinated development of economic and social benefits.
What philosophical principles are embodied in the research process and suggestions of this research group?
Chery Automobile Company is known as "a banner of independent innovation of China enterprises". It grew up in people's skeptical eyes, carried forward with heavy burdens in difficulties, and broke all kinds of "myths" that it was impossible to independently develop cars without huge capital investment and huge production scale for a long time with irrefutable facts. With independent intellectual property rights and brands, it has embarked on a new road of leap-forward development. Chery Automobile not only increased its domestic market share, but also began to export abroad. The successful experience of Chery Automobile Company can be summarized as "Innovation needs courage, innovation cannot be separated from scientific attitude, and innovation is an action".
(1) Expounds the significance of innovation to enhance the competitiveness of enterprises from the perspective of dialectical negation.
(2) Combining the successful experience of Chery Automobile Company, this paper expounds how to promote the independent innovation of enterprises from a philosophical point of view.
Fourth, analysis questions
36. In some cities, sidewalks are occupied by bicycles, bike lanes are occupied by cars, and car lanes are occupied by pedestrians and bicycles. People and cars do not give way to each other, and there are many contradictions. "Difficult to walk" has become a problem that cannot be ignored.
Argument: contradiction is opposition, which will hinder the development of things.
Fuwa, the mascot of the 2008 Beijing Olympic Games, is a group of five doll images that integrate children and animals, which not only echoes the five Olympic rings, but also shows the splendid Chinese culture. "Fuwa" is both national and global.
Argument: National is the world's.
Verb (abbreviation of verb) analyzes and explains problems.
As soon as the materials were available, some experts said, "19th century is the century of economic development, 20th century is the century of military conquest of the world, and 2 1 century is the century of a new era of cultural construction." In today's society, the integration of culture, economy and politics has become an important symbol to measure comprehensive strength.
Material 2 "Kerry Land in the South of the Yangtze River, the Imperial Capital of Jinling." Zhong Ling, Jiangsu Province has a profound cultural heritage, but at present, the realistic influence of Jiangsu culture is far from commensurate with the situation that the economic and social development is ahead of the whole country. On the basis of in-depth investigation and study and extensive listening to opinions from all sides, the provincial party committee and government take the construction of "cultural Jiangsu" as a major strategic task to promote "two firsts" and build a harmonious Jiangsu in combination with the construction of "rule of law Jiangsu", "safe Jiangsu", "clean Jiangsu" and "green Jiangsu".
Combine the above materials and answer the following questions.
(1) How to build a "cultural Jiangsu" should proceed from reality.
(2) From the perspective of the relationship between the whole and the part, this paper expounds the role of building a "cultural Jiangsu" in building a "harmonious Jiangsu".
Sixth, case analysis?
39. Carrying out energy conservation and emission reduction is related to the sustainable development of economy and society and the vital interests of the broad masses of the people. Need to start from now on, from everyone's side.
Materials1In September 2007, the first China Urban Public Transport Week and Car Free Day was officially launched in 108 cities nationwide. For the same transportation 100 person-time, compared with using cars, the road occupation length is reduced by nearly 9 times, the fuel consumption is saved by about 5 times, and the most harmful gas emission can be reduced by about 15 times.
Material 2 "Taihu Lake is beautiful, and the beauty lies in Taihu Lake." This song has a unique flavor among Wuxi citizens. In May, 2007, blue-green algae broke out on a large scale in Taihu Lake, which made it difficult for nearly one million Wuxi citizens to use water. In the six industries of textile, chemical industry, gold, paper making, electroplating and wine making in Taihu Lake Basin, COD and ammonia nitrogen emissions account for 65% and 63.4% of the total industrial emissions respectively. The increase of industrial pollution is one of the main reasons for the environmental deterioration of Taihu Lake.
Material 3 Middle school students in a city found that saving 1 kwh of electricity is equivalent to saving 0.5 kg of coal and reducing the emission of10g of sulfur dioxide. If the national 10% printing paper can be printed and copied on both sides, the paper consumption can be reduced by about 5 10000 tons per year, which is equivalent to saving 64,000 tons of standard coal and reducing 235,000 tons of carbon dioxide emissions.
On the basis of analyzing the above examples, review and apply what you have learned to discuss the following questions.
(1) In real life, would you choose "car" or "car-free"? Try to demonstrate your choice with the knowledge of dialectics.
(2) Analyze the consequences of energy consumption and pollution emission of enterprises, and put forward feasible measures and methods for energy saving and emission reduction of enterprises.
(3) Energy conservation and emission reduction call for national action. Please give two examples of energy saving and emission reduction in daily life.
Comprehensive evaluation 1
First, multiple choice questions
1.D2？ 6.B 7。 c？ 8.B 9。 b？ 10.B 1 1。 A 12。 C 13。 C 14。 B 15。 C
16.C 17。 d？ 18.B 19。 C20.B 2 1。 d？ 22. A handful of 23. B24.C？
Second, multiple choice questions
25.ACD 26。 BD27.ABC 28。 AC？ 29.BD？ 30.BD3 1。 In 32 BC. AC33.AB
Third, short answer questions
34.( 1) The research group made suggestions on the basis of in-depth practice and investigation, indicating that matter is primary and consciousness is derived, insisting on proceeding from reality and seeking truth from facts, and combining subjective initiative with respect for objective laws.
(2) The research team conducted on-the-spot investigation in A, B and C, grasped the overall situation, and suggested that the county government make overall planning and rationally distribute land resources, which reflected the universality and objectivity of contact and the problem from the perspective of contact, so as to establish the overall concept, base on the whole and make overall consideration.
(3) According to the different problems in A, B and C, the research group put forward targeted suggestions, explained the particularity of contradictions, and insisted on concrete analysis of specific problems.
35
(1) Dialectical negation is the negation of things themselves, the link of things development, and the fundamental way to realize the emergence of new things and the extinction of old things. Adhering to the dialectical view of negation and development, we must stand on the standpoint of things going forward, keep pace with the times, actively cultivate innovative consciousness and promote the growth of new things. Innovation is beneficial for enterprises to change the mode of economic growth and improve economic benefits, and it is the fundamental way for enterprises to develop themselves and win in the competition.
(2)① People can actively understand and transform the world. Innovation needs courage, that is, to give full play to subjective initiative, understand the law, create conditions, overcome difficulties and take the road of independent development. ② The world is material, and the laws of material movement exist objectively. Promoting enterprise innovation requires a scientific attitude, that is, we must proceed from reality, seek truth from facts and act according to objective laws. ③ Practice is the activity that people transform the objective world, and practice is the ultimate goal of cognition. Innovation needs action. Only by carrying forward the spirit of innovation and basing on mass practice can independent innovation of enterprises continuously achieve new results.
Fourth, analysis questions
36.
(1) Everything in the world contains two aspects: opposition and unity, and contradiction is the unity of opposites. Struggle and identity are two basic attributes inherent in contradiction. The struggle of contradiction is the attribute of mutual exclusion and opposition, and identity is the attribute and trend of mutual attraction and connection between the two sides of contradiction. The view that contradiction is opposition is one-sided.
(2) materialist dialectics holds that contradiction is universal and is the source and motive force of the development of things. At any time, for anything, only by acknowledging contradictions, analyzing contradictions, bravely exposing contradictions and solving contradictions in the right way can we promote the development of things; On the contrary, denying and avoiding contradictions will hinder the development of things. Generally speaking, it is one-sided that contradictions will hinder the development of things.
37.
(1) The universality and particularity of contradiction are interrelated. On the one hand, universality lies in particularity and is manifested through particularity. Without particularity, there is no universality. On the other hand, particularity is inseparable from universality, and particularity without universality does not exist. "Fuwa" is national and embodies the particularity of contradiction; "Fuwa" belongs to the world and shows the universality of contradiction. Judging from the interrelation between them, the view that nation is the world is reasonable.
(2) The universality of contradiction means that contradiction exists in everything and runs through the development process of everything; The particularity of contradiction means that contradictory things and each side have their own characteristics. The relationship between universality and particularity of contradiction is the relationship between individuality and individual, and the relationship between generality and individuality. It is one-sided to equate the universality of contradiction with the particularity of contradiction and think that nation is the world.
Verb (abbreviation of verb) analyzes and explains problems.
38.
(1)① Take the actual things that exist objectively as the fundamental starting point for thinking and doing things. In-depth investigation and study, listen to various opinions extensively, and formulate the correct principles and policies for building a "cultural Jiangsu". ② Fully understand and grasp the reality and realize the unity of subjective and objective concrete history. We should grasp the requirements of the development of the times, base ourselves on Jiangsu's profound cultural heritage, fully understand the reality that the current cultural development is incompatible with economic and social development, and promote the coordinated development of the construction of "Cultural Jiangsu" and other constructions.
(2)①
Any whole is composed of parts, and the change of parts will affect the change of the whole, and sometimes even have a decisive impact on the whole. Therefore, we must attach great importance to the role of the part on the premise of emphasizing that the part should obey the whole. ② Cultural construction is an important part of harmonious Jiangsu construction. Putting the construction of "cultural Jiangsu" in a more prominent position is conducive to creating a good cultural environment for the construction of harmonious Jiangsu, thus realizing the important strategic task of promoting "two firsts" and building a harmonious Jiangsu well and quickly.
VI. Case study questions
39.
(1) Select "Have a car. (1) contact is universal and objective, and it is independent of human will. In modern society, cars are inseparable from social production and people's lives. The development of things is universal, so we should look at the problem from the perspective of development. The emergence of automobile civilization is the product of economic and social development. With the development of economy and the progress of science and technology, the problems existing in automobile development will be solved. (3) Contradictions are unity of opposites, and everything contains two aspects, which are both opposition and unity. Only by recognizing the obstacles in the development of automobiles can we correctly analyze and solve the contradictions. Select "No Car". ① Contact and development are universal. We should correctly understand and handle the dialectical relationship between the whole and the part from the perspective of contact and development, and establish a Scientific Outlook on Development. Choosing "car-free" is conducive to arousing people's attention to resources and environmental issues and promoting the overall harmonious and sustainable development of society. (2) Contradictions are unity of opposites, and both sides of contradictions can be transformed into each other under certain conditions. Although the appearance of cars has brought convenience to people's social life, it has also brought serious energy, environment, roads and safety problems. Quantitative change will inevitably lead to qualitative change, and laissez-faire automobile development will endanger the survival of mankind itself. ③ Dialectical negation is the link between things and development, and its essence is "sublation". Dialectical negative view requires us to establish innovative consciousness. Choosing "car-free" is not to exclude cars, but to establish innovative consciousness, promote scientific and technological innovation, and better solve the problems existing in automobile development.
(2) Consequence: The energy consumption and pollution emissions of enterprises not only waste resources and damage the environment, but also increase the production cost and damage the corporate image, which is not conducive to the sustainable development of enterprises.
Measures and methods: strictly abide by laws and regulations on energy conservation and environmental protection; Formulate a correct business strategy, and promote the adjustment of economic structure and the transformation of development mode; Relying on scientific and technological progress, strengthening scientific management, adopting advanced energy-saving and emission-reduction technologies, and eliminating backward production capacity; Carry out international cooperation in energy conservation and emission reduction, and introduce foreign advanced energy conservation and environmental protection technologies and management experience; Wait a minute.
(three) travel by bike, not by private car, by subway or bus; Turn off the lights and taps; Scientifically control the air conditioning temperature; Use energy-saving and environment-friendly lighting products, office equipment, home decoration materials and water appliances; Wait a minute.