First of all, let's take a look at the characteristics of Chinese test papers in China for many years:
Propositional thinking: keep stability, seek change in stability, be determined to innovate, and put ability first.
Proposition content: close to life, extending after class, having feelings for culture and caring for humanity.
Proposition: subjective openness, flexible answers, moderate questions and enhanced application.
Overall guiding ideology:
Around one center: consolidating basic knowledge
Implement two key points: reading and writing.
Conquer three fortresses: writing, examining questions and answering questions
Chinese review strategy:
Make clear the direction of review and grasp the key points of review
Collective lesson preparation and resource sharing
Strengthen method guidance and improve students' ability to do problems
Find students' problems and discuss solutions in time.
Below, we will elaborate on the above points:
First, strengthen collective lesson preparation and avoid individual combat.
Collective lesson preparation is an important part. Through the exchange and mutual learning between teachers, give full play to the collective wisdom. Collective lesson preparation can achieve seven points: the teacher talks about the experience of review class; Tell the text of the reviewed lesson; Put forward review questions that you think are difficult to solve; Improve students' error-prone knowledge points; Listen to the main lesson preparation teacher collectively to review; Listen to the teacher's review class and evaluate the class collectively; Collectively determine a teacher to write a test question and review it regularly.
Second, study students, find problems in time, and avoid paying more attention to study.
For example, after a unit review, consciously sum up and sort out students' scores and losses when correcting and commenting on test papers, so as to find and solve problems in time. Don't finish publishing the answers, and don't talk about the test paper for the sake of talking, thus ignoring the search for the reasons for losing points, the inference of knowledge points and the feedback of teaching effect.
Third, special review, closely follow the new curriculum standards, stress practical results, and avoid sea tactics.
As we all know, the Chinese test questions in the senior high school entrance examination consist of five parts: accumulation and application of basic knowledge, comprehensive study, reading of modern literature, reading and writing of ancient poems. The quality and effect of special review will directly affect the results of senior high school entrance examination. Improving the quality and efficiency of special review will be the top priority in the review stage! Below I will talk about some suggestions around these five aspects:
The accumulation and application of basic knowledge;
The standard requirement of word course: Accumulate 3,500 commonly used Chinese characters, of which about 3,000 can write. On the basis of skilled use of hard pen to write block letters, learn to write standard and popular block letters to improve writing speed. This work should start from the first day of junior high school, and insist on expanding the literacy of each text, dictation in each class, unit summary, performance test and so on. What else can I do when I enter the ninth grade review? It is necessary to guide students to sum up the words item by item, find out the common typos in idioms, and change them into typos in the text, and constantly strengthen word training. Writing should be standardized, neat and beautiful.
Teach students how to organize words: first, learn to screen keywords. Most of the test sites that proposers pay attention to are commonly used words, unique words, polyphonic words and similar words that are easy to mispronounce. Based on this, we can screen, classify and remember the new words and common solutions in the six textbooks. Second, develop the habit of correcting mistakes. Correct the typo with a red pen. Third, arrange the time reasonably. Choose spare time, no more than 20 minutes a day.
Modifying sick sentences, refining news information, imitating sentences, looking at pictures, reading famous books, etc. all need to be taught in special topics and special classes. The teacher divides the works into special exercise volumes for students to practice and consolidate. We also need to classify and summarize famous sentences in detail, including spring, summer, autumn and winter, mountains and rivers, the sun, the moon and stars, strokes, clouds and snow, farewell, affection, homesickness, patriotism, inspiration and so on, and then write them in categories. The knowledge of famous books is mainly to sort out the "introduction to famous books" in the appendix of each textbook. It mainly combs the name of the work, the author's brief introduction, the theme, the content overview, the main characters, the personality analysis and the feeling after reading. You can also set up a cooperation group, several students work together, sort out some of them, and then summarize the exchange.
Comprehensive learning
Curriculum standards require you to organize literary activities independently and experience the joy of cooperation and success in the process of running journals, performing and discussing. Be able to ask questions of interest in study and life, * * * discuss with each other, choose research topics, make simple research plans, care about major events in schools, regions and at home and abroad, collect information, investigate and visit hot issues of common concern, discuss with each other, and show learning results with words, charts, pictures and photos. Master the basic methods of finding and quoting materials.
Senior one to senior three should carry out comprehensive learning activities in a down-to-earth manner, focusing on improving students' comprehensive quality and comprehensive application ability. Activities are divided into large-scale activities and small-scale activities. Large-scale comprehensive learning activities should have early guidance, grouping, finding materials, displaying materials, making courseware by optimizing combination, exchanging and displaying achievements, and evaluating students. Generally, it takes four to five class hours to treat China people differently from non-China people's activities, such as boating in Kehai and endless exploration. If these learning activities are not carried out in a down-to-earth manner, we should think about remedial measures when reviewing. Comprehensive learning, six books have comprehensive learning content after each unit, but there are few direct investigations in the middle school exam questions. In the review, students should pay attention to the accumulation of operational processes and methods. Select comprehensive learning questions with strong operability from textbooks to practice, accumulate relevant knowledge and accumulate operation methods.
Modern text reading
Curriculum standards require: on the basis of reading through the text, clear your mind, understand the main content, appreciate and scrutinize the significance and function of important words and expressions in the language environment. I have my own experience in the content and expression of the text, can put forward my own views and problems, and can discuss difficult problems in a cooperative way. Understand the narrative, description, explanation, discussion, lyric and other expressions in reading. Know poetry, prose, novel, drama and other styles. Appreciate literary works, have your own emotional experience, read scientific and technological works, and pay attention to understanding the scientific spirit and scientific thinking method embodied in the works. Read simple argumentative essays, distinguish viewpoints from materials, find the connection between viewpoints and materials, and make judgments through your own thinking. According to the requirements of curriculum standards, the review should closely follow the Description and Test compiled by the provincial teaching and research section, with narrative and argumentative as the main reading styles, followed by expository. Grasp the knowledge points of these styles, highlight their regularity and regularity, sum up the knowledge points first, then explain the problem methods, and then practice. In practice, three points are emphasized: first, according to the depth of reading materials, training from shallow to deep; Second, teachers and students should not be satisfied with the problems behind the paragraphs, but should further explore the articles and redesign the problems themselves; Three, not only oral expression, but also written expression, and strive to complete the key points, neat handwriting without typos. No matter what style, it is best to guide students to do it according to the methods of "three views", "two theories" and "five steps". "Three readings" means: reading the topic, reading the beginning and reading the end; The "two principles" mean: "read with the author's ideas" and "read with the topic after the text"; "five steps" means: "read the whole text and grasp the tone; Combine the context and reasonably imagine; Keywords, combination category; The original words in the text are copied correctly; The main points are comprehensive and the tone is embellished. " In the review of modern Chinese reading, six textbooks can also be reviewed according to style. When reviewing every style, we should start with the common sense of this style and master the most basic stylistic knowledge. Then, choose a typical and representative text from this kind of style to be concise. If there are articles with similar contents, you can compare and read them.
Classical Chinese criticism
The curriculum standard requires reading simple classical Chinese and being able to understand the basic content with the help of notes and reference books. Recite 80 excellent poems. Understand the basic grammar knowledge and help to understand the language difficulties in the text; Understand the commonly used rhetorical methods and realize their expressive effect in the text. Understand the works knowledge and cultural common sense of the important writers involved in this article. It is suggested to review all the lessons for the first time and emphasize the key lessons for the second time. For the first time, students should be specially instructed to summarize each lesson, from writers' works, interchangeable words, key notional words, function words, polysemy, ancient and modern difference words to the translation and content understanding of key sentences. In addition, teachers should independently write classical Chinese review questions, from Volume 7 to Volume 9, and each teacher is responsible for several key articles, from word expression to content understanding to extension, thus providing students with a complete practice material.
The specific operation of classical Chinese reading review is to arrange one or two articles in the first half of each class. Students recite the words first, and then the teacher speaks. This will not only consolidate the old knowledge, but also find new problems in the series of lectures.
Appreciation of ancient poetry
The curriculum standard requires "reading ancient poems, and consciously improving one's appreciation taste and aesthetic taste through accumulation, perception and application". We conducted a special review on the appreciation and comment of ancient poetry, starting with whether the test center can correctly understand the content and analyze the language of poetry, first understand the relevant knowledge of poetry, and then summarize it. The key to the appreciation of ancient poetry lies in evaluating key words, understanding content and emotion, appreciating expression skills, and guiding students to master the basic answer format and thinking: (word) meaning+(rhetoric, expression, etc. ) technique+expression effect+expression of emotion (revealing the truth).
From the content classification: patriotism, homesickness, farewell, lack of talent, dissatisfaction with the darkness of reality, love of nature and so on. Summarize the expression skills of poetry, and finally strengthen feedback practice. There are five aspects in reviewing poetry: grasping famous sentences; Grasp the key words; Grasp the writer; Grab the image; Grasping skills.
Wen Zuo
Curriculum standards require: writing should be sincere, and strive to express their unique feelings and real experiences of nature, society and life. Observe life from many angles, discover the richness of life, capture the characteristics of things, and strive to be creative. According to the expression center, choose the appropriate expression. Arrange the order and details of the content reasonably and express your meaning clearly. Use association and imagination to enrich the content of expression. Write a narrative to make the content concrete; Write a simple explanation; Write a simple argumentative essay, and strive to be justified; Write daily practical articles according to the needs of life. Develop the habit of revising composition, etc.
Strengthen the training of writing standardization. Even though many senior high school entrance examination compositions are not limited in style, they are not without style, so normative exercises are very important. Usually, when choosing a style, you should always write according to the norms of the style, and you can't write an article that is "four unlike". If you want to get high marks in composition, you should not only solve the problem of expression skills, but also accumulate. Therefore, I ask students to keep four persistences: keep a diary, and write two or three articles a week to write their true feelings; Adhere to extracurricular reading and excerpts; Insist on speaking orally before each class; Insist that students change their compositions and write comments. We start with the proposition, semi-proposition, materials and topic composition, guide the practice from the aspects of topic examination, conception, material selection, material composition, expression skills, beginning and end, and finally strengthen the outline training.
Tell the students the key points of composition grading:
Title, beginning (the first 90 words are particularly important, and rejection is implicit), language, materials and volume.
Suggest that students: the narrative is firm; Details;
Ask questions and keep asking questions; Novels should be as novel as possible;
Input questions, quickly input questions; The topic should not be propositional;
Excellent, excellent, resolutely excellent (never say that you are not good)
Fourth, pay attention to regular review.
The review of Chinese in the senior high school entrance examination can be divided into three stages: 1, combing the textbook knowledge vertically. 2. Review each knowledge point horizontally. 3. Combine training with simulated sprint. "Practice" should be targeted, hierarchical, step by step, flexible and diverse in training thinking ability. There must be certain guarantees, because "practice makes perfect", and at the same time, we should pay attention to refinement and realize a leap from quantity to quality. For example, some exercises can be discussed by students themselves, some exercises can be appropriately selected to talk about topics where students make more mistakes, and some exercises can be talked from beginning to end. In addition, training methods should be varied, such as speaking before practicing, giving rules for students to master standardized exercises, or practicing while solving problems repeatedly, or practicing before speaking, giving guidance when students are at the end of their tether, so that students can suddenly realize.
Fifth, increase classroom capacity and improve classroom efficiency.
The 45-minute class is divided into two parts. The first half reviews the textbook knowledge collectively. You can review the textbook again by reading back, dictation and cross talk. The second half of the time is used for simulation training, using supporting review materials such as "Essential for Senior High School Entrance Examination" and "Notes and Tests for Senior High School Entrance Examination in 2008". Students can use their spare time and self-study time to do it themselves, and then the teacher will comment in class, explain in detail when encountering key problems, and try to draw inferences when commenting.
In a word, Chinese review for senior high school entrance examination is a systematic project. Teachers remember:
"Return to the focus of textbooks, focus on difficulties in special training, and focus on test sites in comprehensive evaluation".
In this way, the organic perfect combination of "point", "line" and "surface" is formed.
To this end, I would like to ask you a few misunderstandings that should be paid attention to:
Only emphasize the ability training, but ignore the basic accumulation;
Fall into the quagmire of information and ignore textbook review;
Engage in sea tactics, ignoring "explanation and test" and test research;
Training emphasizes results and ignores process analysis and evaluation;
Pay attention to oral expression and ignore hands-on training;
Pay attention to all aspects, and ignore the "short, flat and fast" project.