Chinese Reading Comprehension Question-Answering Skills

Reading Comprehension Question-Solving Skills for Various Question Types

1. The role of a certain sentence in the beginning paragraph of the article in the article, The function of a certain paragraph or sentence in the middle, and the function of a certain sentence in the last paragraph. We can answer this type of question from two aspects: for the question in the first paragraph, from a structural point of view, it is to write down the topic, point out the center of the article, get straight to the point, lead the whole text, or play a role in triggering the following; In terms of content, it is a foreshadowing and foil for what follows, and a foreshadowing for the description of certain content later. The questions in a certain section in the middle serve as a link and transition in structure. The function of the last paragraph or sentence is to summarize the full text, point out the main idea of ??the article, make people memorable, and correspond to the title. 2. What thoughts and feelings does the article express? This needs to be answered according to the specific content of the article. Common ones include praise, praise, love, affection, touching, happiness, longing, shock, nostalgia, melancholy, a touch of sadness, regret, missing (missing) hometown and relatives, or boredom , hatred, pain, shame, guilt, hatred, sadness, grief, regret, etc. Generally, the author's emotions can be seen between the lines of the article. Some may be written more implicitly, while others may express their feelings directly.

2. Summarize the main purpose of the article. For this kind of question, you must read the full text carefully several times before answering, and then you can answer with such keywords: "Through... the story, it praises (praises)... expresses the author...'s thoughts and feelings, Reveals the profound truth of... We can also find it in the article. In each paragraph of the article, especially the first or last sentence of the first paragraph or the last paragraph, the philosophical sentences in the article are often what the author wants to express. Theme.

3. What expression is used in the underlined sentence in the text? What is its function? When we see this type of question, we must first look at the expression used in this sentence. Description, explanation, discussion, lyricism, especially description is divided into character description, scene description and comprehensive scene description. Character description can also be subdivided into language description, action description, psychological description, portrait description and detailed description. The role of description is to make the article vivid, vivid and touching. The use of lyricism can enhance the appeal of the article and highlight the center of the article. If there are some descriptions of myths, folklore and magical scenes in nature, its role is It adds mystery to the content and arouses readers' interest. 5. What rhetorical techniques are used in a certain sentence in the article? Repetition, questioning, and rhetorical questioning. Among them, metaphor, personification, exaggeration, and parallelism are most frequently used. Metaphors have three functions: one is to make profound truths simple and help people deepen their understanding; the other is to make abstract things concrete. , making it easier for people to accept; the third is: to visualize the generalized things and give people a clear impression. The role of personification is to make the readers not only have a clear impression of the things expressed, but also feel the author's strong feelings about the things. , use personification to express favorite things, you can write them lifelike, making people feel more friendly and natural; express hateful things, you can write them in an ugly way, giving people a strong sense of disgust.

The role of exaggeration is to deeply express the author's distinct emotional attitude towards things, thereby arousing strong reactions from readers; through the image rendering of things, it can arouse people's rich imagination and help highlight the essence and characteristics of things. The role of parallelism is to highlight the center of the article, express strong and unrestrained emotions, and enhance the momentum of the language; it is also an important link to improve the expression effect. It also uses repeated words and short sentences to make the article rhythmic, phonologically beautiful, and easy to read. Catchy. Another type of rhetoric that is often used is quotation. Sometimes there are quoted poems, celebrity stories, and relevant content in celebrity language or celebrity works in reading comprehension. The question will be "What are the contents quoted in the article?" What does it do? "When answering this kind of question, you should pay attention to the following two key words. One is "it sets off the quality of the object of description and highlights a certain spirit of the protagonist." 6. What does a certain sentence in the article mean? Or what does it tell us? Profound truth? Please tell me your understanding.

The answer to this kind of question cannot be solved by simply looking for ready-made sentences in the text. This requires our students to read more, read more, accumulate more, read more and remember some philosophical quotes. Aphorisms, so that you can truly understand the meaning of the article, enrich the content of your answer, and accurately express your understanding of the article in your own language. Answering modern reading questions should be divided into three steps:

The first step is to look at the whole text and grasp the main idea

(1) Clarify the idea of ????the article. In the final analysis, every paragraph and every sentence of the article serves to clarify the center and leads to the main purpose of the article. Usually, you must learn to mark paragraphs for articles, summarize the meaning of each paragraph, and summarize the central idea. Often it works.

(2) Find and understand the key words and sentences in the article. Especially those words and phrases that embody the author's position and point of view, reflect the deep content of the article, have rich connotations, and are vivid in image. Especially in the opening sentences, concluding sentences, independent paragraphs, metaphors, continuous questions, transitional sentences, and lyrical argumentative sentences, the main idea of ??the article is often implicit.

①Don’t rush to do the questions. You must read the article twice before entering the questions. The first speed reading is a quick glance, absorbing the general meaning of each paragraph, establishing an overall understanding of the article, and focusing on solving one question - what is the selected article? The second time of intensive reading, read each sentence carefully, figure out and understand some important sentences and paragraphs, and have a certain understanding of the main purpose of the article. ② Draw the words, sentences, and paragraphs that serve as transitions and connections in the structure of the article, and draw the central sentences in each paragraph, paying special attention to the beginning and end of the paragraph. These words and phrases are often the ones that need to be studied when answering questions. Find important words and sentences to further understand the ideas and structural levels of the article. ③Have a sense of style in your mind and find the sentences that make the final point. As a type of philosophical prose that expresses one's ambitions, there are always some argumentative and lyrical sentences in the narrative and description. When reading, you must be good at grasping the argumentative and lyrical sentences to grasp the meaning of the text. Pay special attention to the argumentative and lyrical sentences at the end of the article. They are This is often the main point of the entire text.

Remember: haste makes waste. Be sure to understand the article before answering the questions, and resolutely avoid superficial reading.

The second step is to carefully review the questions and conduct directional scanning.

The key to doing subjective questions in modern reading is to accurately review the questions. If you grasp the key to reviewing the questions, you will find the secret to answering the questions. The review of questions in modern text reading is to carefully analyze the question stem and grasp the question requirements, that is, grasp the various information related to the answer contained in the question stem. This is the first and most critical step in answering the question. The question stem generally consists of two parts, one is the words of the author of the article, and the other is the words of the proposer. The purpose of setting the question stem is mainly to limit the content of the answer; at the same time, in order to prevent the candidates from being confused, the question stem often indicates the location of the answer content in the text, and even limits which paragraph or sentence it is in. . In this way, we can find out the question point of each question according to the prompts in the question stem, and lock the answer range, down to the paragraph, sentence, and word. As long as you identify the relevant areas in the original text, carefully figure out the meaning of the context, accurately grasp the key phrases, and accurately grasp the relevant information of the answer, the answers to most questions can be found in the original text.

Remember: the question stem indicates the scope of the answer, the question stem specifies the angle of the answer, the question stem provides the answer idea, the question stem implies the answer information, and the question stem reflects the answer pattern. The third step is to screen combinations and directional expressions

Reading literary works is mostly subjective questions, and the question stems can not only show the area to answer the question, but also the way to answer the question. Answer the question from the perspective of the person asking the question, answer the question as asked, so that the answer is sufficient, in place, accurate and organized. When integrating, make sure the text is clear and the sentences are fluent.

Remember:

1. Find out the attitude or tendency contained in the question stem

If the question stem you encounter is in negative form, use the negative form first. Answer questions in a positive way to avoid missing key points; if the question you encounter is in the affirmative form, use a positive answer method.

2. Clarify the composition of the question stem language and determine the answer language form.

The structure of the question stem is the external form of the meaning, which hints at the aspects that make up the meaning of the sentence. Analyzing the structure can remind candidates how to organize the language when answering the question.

3. Understand the words of the author and the person who wrote the question.

The author's sentences appearing in the question are generally the objects that students need to understand and analyze, and the proposition writer's words generally play a role in guiding students to clearly answer key points or provide restrictive conditions. 4. Change implicitness into directness, and change theory into generalization. When organizing the answer, you must first integrate the relevant information in the text, find out the most common points in the information conveyed by the relevant paragraphs in the original text, and then use the specific and visual statements in the text that attach the most common points of information to combine these Convert concrete and figurative language into abstract and general language, which is the required answer.

5. Screen, refine, and integrate sentences from the original text to answer. Be clear about the nouns and terms commonly used in test questions.

Methods of expression. Commonly used expressions include narrative, description, discussion, lyricism, explanation, etc.

Candidates must be clear about writing techniques. In the narrow sense, writing techniques are "expression". In the broad sense, they refer to all techniques for writing articles, such as expressions, rhetorical techniques, restraint first and then emphasis, symbolism, straight to the point, To support things and express aspirations, etc.

Rhetorical techniques commonly used include metaphor, personification, repetition, exaggeration, parallelism, antithesis, contrast, question, rhetorical question, etc.

Language characteristics generally refer to the ease of understanding of spoken language, the rigor and elegance of written language, and the bright, vivid, image-rich and emotional characteristics of literary language. When analyzing, it is generally analyzed rhetorically.

Perception mostly refers to inner feelings, understanding, realization, etc. Types of expository essays: expository essays on things and events (from a content perspective); plain and vivid expository essays (from a language expression perspective).

Explanation methods generally include giving examples, classifying, listing data, making comparisons, defining, explaining, making analogies, drawing charts, describing situations, etc. (usually three words).

Describe the order, time order (program order), spatial order, and logical order. When answering questions, candidates can be more specific, such as: spatial order (from top to bottom, from inside to outside, etc.), logical order (result first, then cause, layer by layer, etc.).

The description object refers to the main person or thing described in the article (generally, it is not necessary to answer the characteristics of the person or thing).

Argumentation methods: reasonable argumentation, factual argumentation, comparative argumentation, metaphorical argumentation, and reductio ad absurdum, which are required to be mastered in middle schools.

Argument methods, establishing and refuting arguments.

Theoretical arguments, including famous quotes, proverbs, formulas and laws, etc.

Factual arguments, all facts, historical facts, data, etc.

Concise, the statements are concise and clear, and there is usually a limit on the number of words. Appropriate, civilized and humane.

What is the role? The role or benefit of a certain content in the answer can be considered from three aspects. One is the content, such as deepening the theme, emphasizing feelings, etc.; the other is the structure, such as transition, echo, etc.; the third is language, such as fascinating, lively, etc.

Ideological content basically refers to the central idea or theme of the article.

Thoughts and emotions, the ideological tendencies shown by the author or the characters in the work, such as good and evil, likes and dislikes, praise and criticism, etc.

The above "commonly used terms" secretly test the students' Chinese language foundation, and are also the points for assigning points to the questions. If candidates understand them clearly, they can effectively eliminate the problem of "answering questions that are not what they are asked".

Asking questions is mainly to attract the reader's attention and stimulate the reader's interest; rhetorical questions are mainly to strengthen the tone and clearly express certain opinions, thoughts and feelings.

The function of a rhetorical question is to enhance the tone and emphasize the meaning to be expressed.

The function of a double negative sentence is to strengthen the tone of expression. Double negative equals yes, dash 1. Used for the explanatory part of the text. Entering the golden door, passing through the spacious foyer and cloakroom, you arrive at the central hall of the General Assembly Hall building.

2. Used for sudden changes in topic. "It's so hot today! When are you going to Shanghai?" Zhang Qiang said to Xiao Wang who had just walked in.

3. After an onomatopoeic word used for prolongation of sound. "Woo──" The train started moving.

4． Used before listing items of inheritance. According to different research objects, environmental physics is divided into the following five sub-disciplines:

──Environmental Acoustics

──Environmental Optics

──Environmental Thermal< /p>

──Environmental electromagnetics

──Environmental aerodynamics.

Ellipsis ⑤1. Used for citation omissions. She softly hummed "Lullaby": "The moon is bright, the wind is quiet, and the leaves cover the window lattice..."

2. Omission for enumeration. In the flower market in Guangzhou, peonies, bells, narcissus, plum blossoms, chrysanthemums, camellias, ink orchids... flowers from spring, autumn and winter are all crowded together!

3． Used in the middle of a utterance to indicate that the speech is intermittent. "I...I'm sorry...everyone, I...didn't...complete...the task."

4. Used for semantic omission They will always live in our hearts...

Usage

Name

Symbol

Usage instructions

Examples

Period ①

1． Used at the end of a declarative sentence.

Beijing is the capital of the Republic of China.

2. Used at the end of an imperative sentence with a soothing tone.

Please wait a moment.

Question mark

?

1. Used at the end of a question.

What's his name?

2. Used at the end of a rhetorical question.

Don’t you understand me?

Exclamation mark

!

1. Used at the end of an exclamatory sentence.

Strive for the prosperity of the motherland!

2. Used at the end of a strong imperative sentence.

Stop shooting!

3． Used at the end of a strong rhetorical question.

How can I compare to him!

Comma

1. If there is a pause between the subject and the predicate within the sentence, use a comma.

Most of the stars we can see are stars.

2. If there is a pause between the verb and the object within the sentence, use a comma.

It should be noted that science requires a person to devote his entire life.

3． If there is a pause after an adverbial inside a sentence, use a comma.

He is not unfamiliar with this city.

4. The pauses between clauses in a complex sentence should always use commas, except sometimes semicolons.

It is said that there are more than 100 gardens in Suzhou, but I have been to only a dozen.

The pause mark

and

are used to pause between parallel words within a sentence.

A square is a quadrilateral with four equal sides and four right angles.

Semicolon ②

1. Used to pause between parallel clauses within a complex sentence.

Language is used by people to express their feelings; words are used by people to record words and events.

2. Used between items listed on separate lines.

The administrative regions of the People's Republic of China are divided as follows:

1. The country is divided into provinces, autonomous regions, and municipalities; 2. Provinces and autonomous regions are divided into autonomous prefectures, counties, autonomous counties, City;

3. Counties and autonomous counties are divided into townships, ethnic townships and towns.

Colon

1. Used after a salutation to indicate the following.

Comrades and friends: The meeting is here...

2. Used after words such as "say, think, be, prove, announce, point out, reveal, for example, as follows" to bring up the following.

He was very surprised and said: "Ah, it's you!"

3. Used after a general utterance to indicate the subsequent explanation.

There are four gates in the Forbidden City in Beijing: Meridian Gate, Shenwu Gate, Donghua Gate, and Xihua Gate.

4. Used after words that require explanation to lead to explanations or explanations.

Foreign Language Book Fair

Date: October 20 to November 10

Time: 8 am to 4 pm

< p>Location: No. 16, Gongti East Road, Chaoyang District, Beijing

Organizer: China Book Import and Export Corporation

5. Used before a general statement to summarize the above.

Zhang Hua was admitted to Peking University; Li Ping entered a technical secondary school; I worked as a salesperson in a department store: we all have bright futures.

Quotation marks ③

“”

‘ ’

1. Used for direct quotations in the text.

The motto "full of losses, modest gains" has been circulating for at least two thousand years.

2. Used for objects that require emphasis.

3. Used for words with special meaning.

It’s better to have fewer such “smart people”.

4． When you need to use quotation marks inside quotation marks, use double quotation marks on the outer layer and single quotation marks on the inner layer.

He stood up and asked: "Teacher, what does 'in order' mean?"

Brackets ④

()

Used The annotated part of the text. When annotating certain words in a sentence (intra-sentence brackets), the brackets are placed immediately after the words being annotated; when annotating the entire sentence (extra-sentence brackets), the brackets are placed after the punctuation at the end of the sentence. There can be commas or semicolons inside the brackets in the sentence, but there cannot be periods. Even if it is a complete sentence, there cannot be periods.

(1) The discovery of Chinese ape-man (full name "Chinese ape-man Peking species", or simply "Peking man") in my country is a major contribution to paleoanthropology.

(2) Writing research articles is different from literary creation. You cannot spread out the manuscript paper and engage in "improvisation". (In fact, literary creation also requires literacy in order to have "improvisation")

Dash

──

1. Used for the explanatory part of the text.

Entering the golden door, passing through the spacious foyer and cloakroom, you arrive at the central hall of the General Assembly Hall building.

2. Used for sudden changes in topic.

"It's so hot today!──When are you going to Shanghai?" Zhang Qiang said to Xiao Wang who had just walked in.

3. After an onomatopoeic word used for prolongation of sound.

"Woo──" the train started moving.

4． Used before listing items of inheritance.

According to different research objects, environmental physics is divided into the following five branches:

──Environmental Acoustics

──Environmental Optics

< p>──Environmental Thermal

──Environmental Electromagnetics

──Environmental Aerodynamics.

Ellipsis ⑤

......

1. Used for citation omissions.

She gently hummed "Lullaby": "The moon is bright, the wind is quiet, and the leaves cover the window lattice..."

2. Omission for enumeration.

In the flower market in Guangzhou, peonies, bells, narcissus, plum blossoms, chrysanthemums, camellias, ink orchids... flowers in spring, autumn and winter are all crowded together!

3. Used in the middle of a utterance to indicate discontinuous explanation.

"I...I'm sorry...everyone, I...didn't...complete...the task."

4. Omission used for semantics

Them Live in our hearts forever...

Connection number ⑥

—

1. Two related nouns are constructed into a unit of meaning with a hyphen between them.

The area north of the Qinling Mountains and Huaihe River in my country belongs to the temperate monsoon climate zone, with high temperatures and rainy summers and cold and dry winters.

2. Between related times, places or numbers, use connecting numbers to indicate the beginning and end.

Lu Xun (1881-1936) was originally named Zhou Shuren, and his courtesy name was Hencai. He was a native of Shaoxing, Zhejiang.

3. Connecting numbers are used between relevant letters, Arabic numerals, etc. to indicate the product model.

In the Pacific region, in addition to the HAW-4 and TPC-3 submarine optical cables that have been completed and put into use, the TPC-4 submarine optical cable has also been put into operation.

4． Several related projects represent progressive development, with connecting numbers in between.

The development of human beings can be divided into four stages: ancient ape - ape man - ancient man - new man.

Spacer number

·

1. Used to delineate the various parts of the names of foreigners and certain ethnic minorities.

Leonardo da Vinci, Aixinjueluo Nurhaci.

2. Used to separate the book title and the chapter (chapter, volume) title.

"Chinese Encyclopedia·Physics", "Three Kingdoms·Shu·Zhuge Liang Biography".

Book title number

《》

〈 〉

It is used for book titles, chapter titles, newspaper titles, publication titles, etc.

The author of "A Dream of Red Mansions" is Cao Xueqin. There is an article in the text called "From Baicao Garden to Sanwei Bookstore" by Lu Xun. His article was published in People's Daily.

There is a copy of "Chinese Language" on the table. "Chinese Workers" was published on February 7, 1940.

Proper names ⑦

____

Used under proper names such as names of persons, places, dynasties, etc.

Sima Xiangru was born in Chengdu, Shu County, Han Dynasty, with the courtesy name Changqing.

The connection number is the same as the dash

The top grid of the connection number

1. Indicates that the time spans Bingxin 1900-1999

2. Indicates that the location spans Beijing-Shanghai proper names are marked with a horizontal line under the grid

1. Used to indicate the center of the article

2. To indicate the protagonist's notes:

①Period The form is ".". There is another form of period, that is, a small dot ".", which is generally used in scientific literature.

②For multiple repetitive sentences with non-parallel relationships (such as transition relationships, causal relationships, etc.), a semicolon is also used between the two parts before and after the first level.

③ Use double quotation marks "﹄﹃" and single quotation marks "﹂﹁" for direct quotation marks in the manuscript.

④In addition, there are square brackets "[]", hexagonal brackets "〔〕", and square brackets "".

⑤ If an entire article or line of poetry is omitted, twelve small dots can be used to indicate it. In articles, it is usually in the middle of a line.

⑥ There are three other forms of hyphens, namely long horizontal "——" (occupying the position of two characters), half-word line "-" (occupying the position of half a character), and wave. Pattern "~" (occupies the position of a character).

⑦Special names are only used in ancient books or certain literary and historical works. In order to match the proper title, the title of this type of work can use a tilde "﹏﹏".