Liu Bang, the great-grandfather of the Western Han Dynasty, was born in the 59th year of Zhou Nanwang (256 BC) and died in the 12th year of the great-grandfather (195 BC). He was born in Fengyi, Pei County (now Fengxian County, Jiangsu Province), and some of them said his nickname was Liu Ji. He ranks third among the four brothers. In the peasant war at the end of Qin Dynasty, Xiang Yu was named Hanwang, so when he defeated Xiang Yu and founded the country, the title was named "Han", because Chang 'an was his capital, and it was called "Western Han" in history in order to distinguish it from the "Han" of Luoyang, the capital of Liu Xiu.
First, the young "rogue" became a hero
He didn't like reading or working
Liu Bang was generous and didn't like reading very much, but he was tolerant of people. He didn't like working in the fields either, so he was often reprimanded as a "rogue" by his father, saying that he was not as good as his brother, but Liu Bang still went his own way. When Liu Bang grew up, he became the director of Surabaya after the examination. After a long time, he became familiar with the officials in the county and became famous in the local area.
Liu Bang has a big heart. On the way to send a serviceman to Xianyang, he met Qin Shihuang's brigade on patrol. From a distance, Qin Shihuang was sitting in a beautifully decorated car, and he was so envious that he blurted out, "A gentleman should be like this!"
Marry Lu
Liu Bang's wife is Lv Gong's daughter Lu, and Lv Gong didn't live in Pei County. Later, she made an enmity with people in her hometown, so she came to Pei County with her family, because the county magistrate at that time was his good friend. When I first arrived in Pei county, many people heard about his relationship with the county magistrate, so people came to visit, lesbian relationship, and befriended. When Liu Bang heard about it, he also went to join in the fun. At that time, Xiao He, who served as the county bookkeeper in Pei County, presided over the reception. He announced a rule: anyone who received less than 1, yuan as a gift would be seated under the hall. Liu bang didn't care about this at all. Although he didn't take any money with him, he said to the person in charge of delivering the letter, "I will give you a congratulatory money of 1 thousand!" "
when Lv Gong heard this, he hurried out to meet him personally. As soon as I saw Liu Bang's grand appearance and unusual appearance, I liked it very much. Please come to the table and sit down. This time, Liu Bang not only ate a meal for nothing, but also had a full meal. After that, Lv Gong kindly left him and offered to marry his daughter. Liu Bang wanted this marriage, and with the consent of his parents, he married Lu, which became the famous Lv Hou in the history. Han Huidi is the son of her and Liu Bang, and another child is Princess Luyuan.
Utilize superstitions
There are many superstitions in historical materials about Liu Bang, just like other emperors. Once, Lv Hou and his daughter were weeding in the field, and an old man passing by asked them for some water to drink. After drinking the water, he told them that they were both distinguished guests. When the old man just left, Liu Bang came back. Lv Hou told Liu Bang what the old man said just now. Liu Bang was also very happy when he heard it. He quickly caught up with the old man and let him see his face for himself. The old man said that it was because of him that his wife and daughter looked alike, and Liu Bang's face was priceless. Liu bang was so happy that he thanked the old man and went back.
Later, Liu Bang was ordered to escort the prisoners to serve in Lishan Mountain, but many people fled halfway. Liu Bang was also very helpless. When he went to osawa in Fengyi County to have a rest, Liu Bang drank some wine, then loosened the rope on the prisoners and let them run for their lives. But more than a dozen people didn't want to leave him alone, and they all expressed their willingness to follow him. Liu Bang led everyone to flee, and the person in charge of opening the road came back to tell him that there was a big snake blocking the road and there was no way to pass. Liu Bang was a little drunk and reprimanded: "We brave people are walking, what are we afraid of!" He separated the crowd and went to the front by himself. When he saw a snake lying in the middle of the road, he drew his sword and cut it off. After another walk, Liu Bang felt dizzy, so he lay on the roadside to rest and waited for the people behind him. After a while, the man behind him caught up with him and told him that he saw an old lady crying by the roadside and asked her why. She said that someone had killed his son. Asked why he was killed, she said that his son was the son of Bai Di, who just turned into a snake, but was killed by Chi Di's son on the side of the road, so he was so sad. At that time, everyone thought that the old lady was lying, but the old lady suddenly disappeared. When Liu Bang heard about it, he exulted in his heart, and later he used it to improve his prestige and status.
After that, Liu Bang fled with people everywhere, but every time Lv Hou could find him, Liu Bang was very surprised and asked his wife why. Lv Hou said that his hiding place was often surrounded by colorful clouds, so it was easy to find. Liu bang later let his men spread this rumor widely, and many people believed it and wanted to come to him. In fact, this kind of rumor was basically deliberately fabricated after the emperor established the country to prove that he was different and had the spirit of being a king.
Because of these legends, Liu Bang's prestige in the local area gradually increased, and more people followed him. He was called a hero in Peizhong by the local people.
Pei Gong took up his army
In 29 BC, the peasant uprising broke out at the end of Qin Dynasty. After Chen Sheng and Wu Guang led the rebels to capture Chen (now Huaiyang, Henan Province), Chen Sheng established the "Zhang Chu" regime and openly opposed the Qin Dynasty. At this time, the county magistrate of Peixian county also wanted to respond to continue to master the regime of Peixian county. Xiao He and Cao Can were the main officials of the county magistrate at that time, and they advised the county magistrate to call back the people in exile in the county, which could increase the strength and prevent future troubles. The magistrate felt right, so he asked Liu Bang's brother-in-law Fan Kuai to get Liu Bang back, and Liu Bang took people back. The county magistrate here regretted it again, fearing that Liu Bang's return would be out of control, or he might be killed by Liu Bang, which would be tantamount to inviting the wolf into the room. So, he ordered the city gate to be closed, and he was ready to capture Xiao He and Cao Can. When Xiao He and Cao Can heard the news, they quickly fled to the outside of the city. Liu Bang shot the letter into the city, encouraging the people in the city to rise up and kill the reneging county magistrate, so that everyone could defend their hometown together. The people were very dissatisfied with the county magistrate who didn't take care of them at ordinary times. After killing the county magistrate, they opened the gate to welcome Liu Bang, and elected him Pei Gong to lead the uprising. Liu Bang obeyed public opinion, set up an altar, claimed to be the son of Chi Di, and led the people to raise the anti-Qin banner. This year is September of the first year of Qin Ershi, and Liu Bang is 48 years old.
Second, the Central Plains took the lead
The demise of the Qin Dynasty
There was another powerful force in the peasant war at the end of the Qin Dynasty, that is, Xiang Yu and his uncle Xiang Liang, descendants of the original Chu nobles, who started their troops in Wuzhong (now Wuxian County, Jiangsu Province) and soon reached nearly 1, troops. At the same time, other descendants of the nobles of the six countries who were wiped out by Qin also rose up and joined the ranks of destroying Qin.
After Chen Sheng was killed by the driver Zhuang Jia, Xiang Liang made Chu Huaiwang's grandson Xin king of Chu, and made his capital Xuyi (now Xuyi, Jiangsu). Later, he fought fiercely with Qin Jun led by Zhang Han, and won several times at first. As a result, Xiang Liang became more arrogant and arrogant, and others refused to listen. As a result, Zhang Han, who received reinforcements, was ambushed and killed. After Xiang Liang's death, Zhang Han felt that Chu would no longer pose a big threat, so he turned his main energy to Zhao. Zhao was attacked and turned to Chu for help. After consulting with the generals, the king of Chu decided to divide his troops into two ways to reinforce Zhao. One route led by Song Yi and Xiang Yu went north for direct rescue, and all the way led by Liu Bang went west into Guanzhong, containing Qin Jun and coordinating reinforcements on North Road. The king of Chu and the generals agreed that whoever settled in Guanzhong first would be the king of the world. But everyone didn't have much hope of being king, because Qin Jun was still very strong at that time, and the generals didn't want to risk going west and fighting Qin Jun. In order to avenge his uncle, Xiang Yu asked to go west to Guanzhong with Liu Bang, but it was unanimously opposed by everyone. Everyone thought that Xiang Yu was much more cruel than Liu Bang, and he was young and inexperienced. Liu Bang was an elder, kind and prestigious, so he finally decided to let Liu Bang lead the troops west to Guanzhong.
At the beginning, Liu Bang didn't go well either, but after several battles, Liu Bang moved westward step by step, and finally arrived in Enemy at the Gates, not far from the east of Xianyang (now the east of Xi 'an). Seeing that the tide was running out, Zi Ying, king of Qin, had to surrender the city and hand over the imperial seal to Liu Bang, and the Qin Dynasty ended.
Based on Guanzhong
Liu Bang proudly entered Xianyang City and claimed to be the "King of Guanzhong". Looking at the magnificent palace, Liu Bang was a little nostalgic and ready to stay and enjoy it. Fan Kuai, my brother-in-law, advised him to pay attention to the fact that the world has not been settled yet, and don't forget Qin's lesson. Liu bang didn't listen at all, until Zhang Liang personally persuaded him, and he realized the seriousness of the problem. Therefore, Liu Bang retreated his troops to Ba Shang.
After Liu Bang arrived in Ba Shang, he called local celebrities and made a pact with them in three chapters: the murderer died, the injured and the thief made amends. Other harsh legal systems of the Qin dynasty were abolished, which made him supported by the people.
After defeating Zhang Han and forcing him to surrender, Xiang Yu also led his troops straight to Guanzhong to compete for the qualification of being king of the world. When I arrived at Hangu Pass, I saw that Liu Bang had not only pacified Guanzhong, but also sent troops to guard Hangu Pass. I was so angry that I immediately ordered Ying Bu to lead the troops to capture Hangu Pass, and then led the troops to Xianyang with 4, troops, stationed under the scene (now the west bank of the northeast of Lintong, Shaanxi). Cao Wushang, a subordinate of Liu Bang, was very dissatisfied with Liu Bang. In order to get a bigger official position, he secretly sent someone to provoke Xiang Yu, saying, "Pei Gong Liu Bang wants to be king in Guanzhong, and then let Zi Ying be prime minister, and he pocketed all Qin's belongings." Xiang Yu couldn't help but fly into a rage. Fan Ceng also advised him to take the opportunity to get rid of Liu Bang. Xiang Yu ordered preparations to attack the next day. At this time, Liu Bang could not compete with the powerful Xiang Yu in terms of strength. He had only 1, troops and could not defeat Xiang Yu's 4, soldiers. Finally, Xiang Bo, Xiang Yu's uncle, "saved" Liu Bang: Xiang Bo and Zhang Liang, Liu Bang's counselor, were very close. Seeing that Xiang Yu was going to attack, they sneaked into the camp overnight to find Zhang Liang and told him to leave quickly to avoid being killed. Zhang Liang said that he could not leave Liu Bang, so he revealed the news to Liu Bang. In a panic, Liu Bang quickly asked Zhang Liang for a plan. Zhang Liang asked Liu Bang to go to see Xiang Bo, indicating that he had no ambition to compete with Xiang Yu for the throne.
So, Liu Bang hosted a feast for Xiang Bo, and made an agreement with him to be in-laws. He said to Xiang Bo, "Since I entered the customs, I have never dared to take possession of any property, register the officials and people, and seal up the treasury, just waiting for the general to come. The reason why I sent troops to guard the Hangu Pass is not to stop the generals from entering the Pass, but to better guard the Guanzhong area and prevent robbers from invading. The men and I are looking forward to your early arrival day and night. How can we have the heart of rebellion? Please be sure to explain this matter to General Xiang Yu when you go back, and clear up the misunderstanding. " Xiang Bo readily agreed, and then said to Liu Bang, "General, you must go to our camp tomorrow to explain the situation to Xiang Yu in person, so that you can get Xiang Yu's forgiveness by making a face-to-face gift." Liu bang listened and agreed.
Xiang Bo returned to the barracks that night. He said to Xiang Yu, "Because Pei Gong entered Guanzhong first, which cleared the barriers for us to enter the customs, we were able to pass Hangu Pass smoothly. Pei Gong is a meritorious person. We should not doubt him, but treat him sincerely." Hearing this, Xiang Yu decided not to attack Liu Bang.
The next day, Liu Bang came to Xiang Yu's barracks as promised, taking only Fan Kuai, Zhang Liang and 1 elite Qinbing. When you arrive at Xiang Yu's big tent, apologize to Xiang Yu who greeted him. Xiang Yu invited Liu Bang to come in for dinner. At the banquet, both sides came and went, and Xiang Yu gave up the murder. Xiang Zhuang tried to assassinate Liu Bang in the name of sword dancing at dinner, but failed. This is the origin of the idiom "Xiang Zhuang dances with a sword, which is intended to be Pei Gong". Later, Liu bang left for an excuse and returned to the camp.
After the banquet at Hongmen, Xiang Yu led his troops to the west, massacred in Xianyang City, and Zi Ying, the king of Qin, was also killed, and Afang Palace, the palace of Qin, was set on fire by Xiang Yu. After the Epang Palace was burnt down, Xiang Yu enfeoffed generals of all walks of life as kings, and * * * sealed 19 vassals. Liu Bang was named Hanwang, whose territory was forty-one counties of Ba, Shu and Hanzhong, and whose capital was Nanzheng (now Nanzheng, Shaanxi). Xiang Yu himself was the overlord of the West Chu, and he held the supreme commander-in-chief of the army. The king of Chu was honored as the righteous emperor.
after the enfeoffment, Xiang Yu asked everyone to work in their respective vassal States, and Liu Bang had to go to Nanzheng. Xiang Yu only gave Liu Bang3, troops. Later, some people followed him to Nanzheng, but the total strength was less than 1,. Liu Bang could not compete with Xiang Yu for the time being, so he had to wait for the opportunity. In order to dispel Xiang Yu's suspicion of him and stop other princes from attacking Hanzhong, Zhang Liang suggested that Liu Bang burn the plank road leading to Hanzhong.
Liu Bang, the great ancestor of the Western Han Dynasty
Chu-Han War
At first, Liu Bang didn't intend to compete with Xiang Yu eastward, but after he arrived in Nanzheng, the change of the situation prompted him to make up his mind to go eastward and compete with Xiang Yu for the world. One reason is that the soldiers are dissatisfied with the soil and water in Nanzheng, miss their hometown day and night, and their morale is low. Second, Tian Rong, who was sealed by Xiang Yu in Qi, suspected that Xiang Yu was unfairly enfeoffed and rebelled, which created an excellent opportunity for Liu Bang to invade. Just at this time, Liu Bang got the general Han Xin, and Xiao He told Liu Bang that if you want to compete for the world, you must reuse Han Xin. After Han Xin was made a general, he proposed to send troops to the East immediately: "Our soldiers are all from Shandong (referring to the area east of Hanguguan), and now we can take advantage of their strong desire to go home to the East to boost morale, and we will make great achievements after going east. Before it is too late, we should enter the army immediately. "
in 26 BC, that is, in may of the first year of Hanwang, Liu bang appointed Xiao He as the prime minister to take charge of the Bashu area in the rear. He personally and Han Xin led the troops to smuggle from Chencang (now Baoji East, Shaanxi Province) and quickly occupied all of Guanzhong. At this point, the famous Chu-Han War officially broke out.
The Chu-Han War was divided into two stages. In the first stage, Liu Bang was at a disadvantage and was repeatedly defeated by Xiang Yu. Later, Liu Bang alienated Xiang Yu and Fan Ceng, gradually gained the upper hand, and finally defeated Xiang Yu completely.
after Liu bang moved eastward, he took advantage of Xiang Yu's engagement with Qi and Zhao to capture Henan and Luoyang, then moved eastward and captured Pengcheng. Originally, Xiang Yu planned to fight Liu Bang again after pacifying Qi and Zhao. Now, seeing that Liu Bang captured Peng Cheng, he led 3, elite soldiers to March back in a hurry. While Liu Bang set up a banquet to celebrate his victory, he attacked in the early morning and defeated the Han army in one day. When the Han army retreated, he was chased by Xiang Yu and wiped out hundreds of thousands of people. To the east of Lingbi (now northwest of Suxian County, Anhui Province), the Lushui was overtaken by Xiang Yu, and hundreds of thousands of troops were lost. The Lushui was blocked by corpses. Only Liu Bang and dozens of cavalry struggled to escape, but his father and wife Lv Hou were captured by Xiang Yu. It turned out that the other princes who followed Liu Bang saw Liu Bang's defeat and left him one after another.
after Liu bang retreated to Xingyang, he got reinforcements sent by Xiao He from Guanzhong, and Han Xin also gathered the scattered troops to meet him. The Han army rallied and defeated Xiang Yu's army in the south of Xingyang, and the two armies began to confront each other in Xingyang area. Later, Liu Bang rebelled against Ying Bu, the general of Xiang Yu, divided Xiang Yu, and weakened Xiang Yu's forces because he wanted to divide his troops to suppress him. But Xiang Yu is not an ordinary person after all. He sent troops to invade the grain transportation channel of the Han army and eventually besieged the Han army in Xingyang. Liu Bang had no choice but to make peace with Xiang Yu, and proposed that Xingyang should be the dividing line, and the west of Xingyang should be Han. Xiang Yu wanted to promise Liu Bang, but Fan Ceng did not agree, saying that now is a good time to destroy the Han army. If we miss this opportunity, we will have endless future troubles. Xiang Yu then began to attack Xingyang. When Liu Bang saw that Fan Ceng was in the way, he adopted Chen Ping's deviant plan: when Xiang Yu sent an envoy to persuade Liu Bang to surrender, Liu Bang asked people to put on a warm reception and send exquisite food. When he met the envoy, he deliberately said in surprise: "We heard that it was the envoy of Ya Fu (referring to Fan Ceng), but it turned out to be the envoy of Xiang Wang." Then I took the exquisite food down,