Confucius proposed the unified process of learning, thinking and doing. As early as the 6th century BC, my country's great educator Confucius summarized the learning process as a unified process of learning, thinking and doing based on his rich teaching practice. Later, the Confucian School of Thought and Mencius further proposed "study extensively, interrogate, think carefully, discern clearly, and practice diligently" ("Book of Rites: Doctrine of the Mean"), which focused on explaining the learning process.

Confucius was the first in Chinese history to propose that people have similar innate qualities, and that personality differences are mainly due to the influence of acquired education and social environment ("Sex is similar, but habits are far apart"). Therefore, everyone can be educated and everyone should be educated. He advocated "education without distinction", founded private schools, and recruited students widely. He broke the monopoly of slave-owning aristocrats on school education, expanded the scope of education to common people, and conformed to the trend of social development at that time. He advocated "If you are good at learning, you will become an official." If you have enough energy after studying, you can become an official. The purpose of his education was to cultivate gentlemen who would serve in politics, and gentlemen must have high moral qualities. Therefore, Confucius emphasized that school education must give top priority to moral education ("Disciples will be filial when they enter, be cowardly when they leave, be cautious and trustworthy, Love everyone universally and be kind to others. If you have enough energy to practice, study literature.")

In terms of teaching methods, Confucius required teachers to have an educational outlook of "teaching without distinction", "economicalizing the country and benefiting the world", a methodology of "teaching students in accordance with their aptitude", and a "heuristic" methodology, and focusing on children's enlightenment and enlightenment education. He educates students to have an honest attitude towards learning, to be humble and eager to learn, and to review the knowledge they have learned from time to time, so that they can "review the past and learn the new", expand and deepen the new knowledge, and "draw inferences from one example".

The main contents of Confucius’ moral education are “propriety” and “benevolence”. Among them, "propriety" is the moral norm, and "benevolence" is the highest moral principle. "Ritual" is the form of "benevolence", and "benevolence" is the content of "ritual". With the spirit of "benevolence", "ritual" can be truly enriched. In terms of moral cultivation, he proposed methods such as establishing ambition, self-denial, practice, introspection, and the courage to make corrections. "Learn to know" is the dominant idea of ??Confucius' teaching thought. While advocating not being ashamed to ask questions and being open-minded and eager to learn, he emphasized the combination of learning and thinking ("Learning without thinking is a waste, thinking without learning is peril"). At the same time, he must also "apply what he has learned" and apply the learned knowledge to social practice.

He was the first to propose heuristic teaching. He said: "If you are not angry, you are not enlightened; if you are not angry, you are not angry." This means that teachers should inspire and enlighten students appropriately when they think seriously and have reached a certain level. He was also the first educator to adopt the method of teaching students in accordance with their aptitude in teaching practice. Home. Through conversations and individual observations, he understands and is familiar with the students' personality characteristics. On this basis, he adopts different educational methods according to the specific conditions of each student to cultivate talents in morality, language, politics, literature and other aspects. . Confucius loved education and was engaged in educational activities throughout his life. He is tireless in learning and teaching. He not only teaches by words, but also teaches by example, influencing students with his exemplary behavior. He loves his students and they respect him very much. The relationship between teachers and students is very harmonious. He is a shining example of ancient Chinese teachers.

Confucius’ educational activities not only cultivated many students, but also the educational theories he proposed based on practice laid the theoretical foundation for ancient Chinese education. Due to Confucius's conservative political attitude, the reform of the economic system also reflected conservative ideas. For example, in the fifteenth year of Lu Xuangong (594 BC), the "initial taxation of acres" was implemented, which legally recognized the legal status of private land, which was a major economic reform in the Spring and Autumn Period; however, according to "Zuo Zhuan", Confucius revised " In the Spring and Autumn Annals, the "first taxation of acres" was recorded, with the purpose of criticizing it as "indecent". But if the people are not rich, no king will be rich. It is also recorded in "The Analects of Confucius: Yao" that Confucius advocated "benefiting the people for their benefit", that is, only doing things that are beneficial to the people. On the other hand, he also advocated that taxes should be lighter and the allocation of corvees should not delay the farming season. "The Analects of Confucius Shuer" records that Confucius also preached to the politicians at that time, asking them not to be too extravagant and to pay attention to frugality. He said: "Luxury is not inferior, frugality is solid. Rather than being inferior, it is better to be solid." At the same time, he also advocated "being frugal and loving others." This includes applying Confucius' "benevolence" thought to the economic field.