1, Li Bai: With his own talent, Li Bai can "go out to make peace with the princes and flee the bird's nest" ("Preface to Send Swallow Garden to Play the Hidden Fairy City Mountain"). He has a strong contempt for those powerful people who enjoy high positions and high salaries by virtue of their family background, showing a proud and unyielding character. He despised the feudal hierarchy, was unwilling to flatter, and disdained to rise and fall with customs. The darkness of reality disillusioned his ideal, and he was suffocated by the shackles of feudal ethical hierarchy. He longed for the freedom and liberation of his personality, so he adopted a wild and uninhibited attitude towards life to get rid of the shackles and strive for freedom. Its manifestation is binge drinking and singing, seeking immortality and learning Taoism. But wine can't relieve worries, and the immortal is more ethereal, so he praised the beautiful nature as the ideal sustenance and the embodiment of freedom "according to the unchangeable habit of my life" (Lushan Ballad).
This is Li Bai's angry struggle against society and an important embodiment of his rebellious spirit. He opposed Xuanzong's exultation, his belligerence and his exposure that he was not one of his own, which led to the sacrifice of the people's soldiers in vain. Because of Xuanzong's arrogance, the eunuch's power was very hot ... Through the analysis of the political platform and the field observation in Youyan, Li Bai was sensitive to poets, and he and Du Fu were the first poets to reveal the disaster at that time. When the "An Shi Rebellion" broke out, his patriotic enthusiasm was sublimated and he got rid of the contradiction of using Tibetan resources. His rebellious character and spirit have profound patriotic connotation, social significance and characteristics of the times. The third, fifteenth, twenty-fourth and thirty-ninth editions of Antique have profoundly exposed and strongly criticized the social reality.
The above shows its integrity.
2. The fundamental purpose of Wang Anshi's political reform is to change the situation of poverty and weakness in the Northern Song Dynasty, strengthen the ability of external defense and internal pressure, and consolidate and strengthen feudal rule. It is nearly fifteen years from the second implementation of the new law to the abolition of the old school. In these fifteen years, after the implementation of each new law, although there are inevitably some drawbacks, they can basically achieve some results, and the effect of "enriching Qiang Bing" is very remarkable.
The government's fiscal revenue has increased substantially. Through the implementation of a series of new fiscal management laws, the state has increased new fiscal revenue items such as "young crops money", "idle surplus money" and "easy money in the city". On the basis of developing production and sharing taxes, the fiscal revenue has increased substantially and the national treasury is abundant. During the Song Shenzong period, the national treasury savings could be used for the government's fiscal expenditure for 20 years.
Through the implementation of the Law on Strengthening the Military, the weak situation was alleviated and the national strength of the Northern Song Dynasty was enhanced. The implementation of Jiabao Law strengthened the feudal ruling order in rural areas, maintained the social order in rural areas, established the national military reserve, and saved a lot of training expenses. Cutting the art of war has improved the quality of military soldiers; Sun Tzu's Art of War changed the situation of separation of soldiers and generals and strengthened the combat effectiveness of the army. The Law on the Protection of Horses has greatly improved the quality and quantity of horses, and at the same time, the government has saved a lot of expenses for raising horses. The Military Equipment Supervision Law has increased the production and quality of weapons.
Qiang Bing's political reform measures reversed the passive situation of northwest frontier defense. In the sixth year of Xining in the Northern Song Dynasty (1073), Wang Shao, the messenger of Xihe Road, under the command of Wang Anshi, led an army to attack Tubo, recapture five states, such as He, Tao and Min, open up more than 2,000 miles of territory and receive 300,000 Qiang accounts. This is an unprecedented military victory in the Northern Song Dynasty, and it is also the only example of the Northern Song Dynasty imperial court winning a total victory in the Han nationality's war against the neighboring minority regimes. At the same time, Wang Shao and other outstanding generals were trained, and a favorable front for attacking Xixia region was established, which set off earth-shaking changes in the war pattern between Song and Xixia.
Although the reform had many disadvantages, at that time, it brought good changes to the country and was generally progressive. In the process of reform, I was hindered several times and lost my official position several times, but I always adhered to my beliefs, so I was very upright.
3. Zhang Jiuling was one of the sages in Kaiyuan period and the only prime minister in Tang Dynasty who was born in Lingnan scholar. Born in Wen Ya, he is honest and frank, and his wind instruments are very neat. At that time, it was known as "Qujiang style". Even after the strike, if someone recommended talents to Xuanzong, Xuanzong asked, "Is he as charming as nine years old?" At the end of Kaiyuan, Xuanzong was tired of managing politics, gradually indulged in pleasure and alienated the sages. In the sinister political situation where little people succeed, Zhang Jiuling was able to remain upright and upright, detest evil as hatred, and speak frankly, becoming the last loyal and important minister in the Tang Dynasty before the Anshi Rebellion. He once firmly refused Wu Huifei's bribe and shattered her plot to harm the prince; He also opposed the traitor Li and the coward Niu Xianke, so that he repeatedly regretted Xuanzong's intention and finally gave up. He is far-sighted. He once said that An Lushan's appearance was upside down, and it would be a future trouble not to kill him. But it was not adopted by Xuanzong. Later, the Anshi rebellion. When Xuanzong rushed into Shu, he remembered the words of his nine-year-old son and wept bitterly. He only sent a special envoy to visit his old friend.
So in a big way, among the above three people, Zhang Faling is the most virtuous person.