Hippocrates: the oath of medicine
You solemnly swear that everyone swears by what is most sacred to him or her.
You will be loyal to the medical profession and treat its members fairly and generously.
You will live and practice your art in an upright and noble way.
No matter where you enter, you should try your best to benefit the patients and stay away from injustice, corruption and inducing others to commit crimes.
You will exercise your art only for the purpose of curing your patients, not giving medicine, not performing surgery, and committing crimes, even if you ask for it, don't recommend it.
Anything you will see or hear about a man's or a woman's life that is inappropriate to say, you will keep an inviolable secret.
You swear these things. Let everyone nod their heads in agreement
Now, if you will be true, your vows, possible prosperity and good reputation will always belong to you; On the contrary, if you want to prove your fear. (Excerpted from the Collected Works of Hippocrates)
The above is the Hippocratic oath, which is declared for every medical student to become a doctor.
This oath, which has been circulated for more than two thousand years, is named after Hippocrates, a famous Greek doctor from the 5th century BC to the 4th century BC. This oath was probably passed down from generation to generation by doctors before Hippocrates and existed orally. Hippocrates may be the first person to record this oath in the literature. This oath has the color of feudal guild and superstition, but its basic spirit has been regarded as the code of conduct for doctors and has been used for more than 2000 years. Until today, many doctors in many countries have to take this oath when they are employed. The translation is as follows:
Relying on Apollo, Esquel, Persia, the god of medicine and the god of heaven and earth, I sincerely swear that I will do my best to abide by this agreement. People who teach me art should respect them as parents. As a lifelong companion in the industry, they are in urgent need, and I will help them. Treat his children like my brother. If you want to get a legacy, you should give it unconditionally for free. As far as I know, no matter the dictation, it is passed on to me and my teacher's son and the students who swear to abide by this agreement, not to others.
I am willing to do my best with my ability and judgment, abide by the creed of working for the interests of patients, and investigate all corrupt and harmful behaviors in Cambodia. I won't give harmful drugs to others, and I won't give them guidance, even if someone asks. Especially don't give women an abortion. I am willing to perform my duties for life with this pure and sacred spirit. I don't operate on anyone with stones, which needs experts to do.
No matter where I meet men and women, my only purpose is to seek happiness for my sick family, to be myself, and not to do all kinds of harm and bad behavior, especially not to seduce. What I have seen and heard, regardless of business relationship, I think it should be kept confidential, and I am willing to keep it confidential. When I keep the above oath, I ask the gods to make my life and medical skills gain great glory. If I break my oath, the god of heaven and earth really needs it.
After Hippocrates, some ancient physicians published important works on doctors' professional ethics, some of which were unique, but their influence was not as wide and deep as Hippocratic Oath.
After the trial of Nazi doctors after World War II, the particularity and importance of doctors' professional ethics once again attracted people's attention. 1948 The World Medical Association (WMA) formulated the Geneva Declaration according to the Hippocratic Oath as a doctor's moral code. The full text is as follows:
"When I am a doctor, I solemnly swear to serve mankind. I sincerely admire the teachers and friends who have taught me. I must maintain the dignity and conscience of practicing medicine. I must put the patient's health and life first, and I must strictly abide by all the secrets revealed by the patient and never reveal them. I must maintain the honor and lofty tradition of doctors. I treat my colleagues like brothers. I will never let my obligations to patients be interfered by race, religion, nationality, political party and political or social status. Since the birth of human life, we have the highest respect for it. Even if threatened, I will not use my knowledge to do anything that violates humanitarian law. I promise to fulfill the above commitments with heartfelt honor. " (Translated by Ruan Fangfu, see Medical Theory, Science Press, 1986) Since then, the rights and obligations of both doctors and patients have changed with the development of society and the progress of medicine. In order to reflect these new situations, 1988 American medical ethicists E.D. pellegrino and D.C. Thomas Ma wrote in Thinking for Patients. Putting forward "the duty of a doctor to promote the interests of patients" has been adopted by many medical colleges in western countries as an oath that medical students need to recite when they graduate. Some people call it the post-Hippocratic oath. The full text is as follows:
"I promise to voluntarily fulfill my obligation to treat and help patients because of my major. My obligation is based on the patient's weakness and disadvantage, and he must give me and my professional ability full trust. Therefore, I promise to take the interests of patients in many aspects as the first principle of my professional ethics. Recognizing this constraint, I accept the following obligations, which can only be lifted by the patient or the patient's legal representative:
(1) put the interests of patients at the center of my professional practice, and put them on my own selfish interests when the situation requires.
(2) the ability to have and maintain the knowledge and skills required by this major.
(3) Admit the limitations of my ability. As long as my patient's condition requires it, I should turn to my colleagues in various health professions for help.
④ Respect the values and beliefs of other health professionals and acknowledge their moral responsibilities as individuals.
Care for all those who need my help with the same care and dedication, whether they have the ability to pay or not.
Mainly for the best interests of my patients, not for social, political or financial policies or my own interests.
⑦ Respect my patient's moral right to participate in his or her decision-making, and clearly explain the nature of his or her disease and the benefits and dangers of my suggested treatment.
Help my patients make choices consistent with their values and beliefs, without coercion, deception or deception.
Pet-name ruby to keep secret what I hear, know and see, as a necessary part of my care for patients, unless there is obvious, serious and direct danger to others.
Attending Even if I can't cure the patients, I will always help them. When death is inevitable, I will help my patient die according to his or her own plan.
Never take part in the direct, active and conscious killing of patients, even out of sympathy, or at the request of the state, or for any other reason.
In order to fulfill my obligations to society, participate in public policy decisions that affect national health, and provide objective testimony from leaders and experts.
Put what I say and believe into practice, so as to embody the above principles in my career.
Hippocrates is regarded as "the father of medicine" by the west.