Key points of knowledge:

① Elements: time, place, person, cause, process and result.

② People: first (me), second (you) and third (him, them).

③ Sequence: In chronological order, flashback and insertion.

④ Center: Express the author's thoughts by remembering people, narrating articles, describing objects and scenery.

⑤ Details: The contents related to the center should be detailed, concrete and vivid. A brief description of the secondary content related to the center.

2. Explanatory text

Key points of knowledge:

① Object characteristics: the characteristics of things and the essence of things.

(2) Description: hierarchical; Explain the order, including chronological order, spatial order, and logical order.

Interpretation methods: classification, definition, comparison, analogy, examples and charts.

3. Argumentative essay

Key points of knowledge:

Argument: the author's views and opinions on the issues discussed.

Argument: The facts and reasons used to prove the argument.

(3) Argumentation: discussion levels and argumentation methods (example method, quotation method and comparative argumentation method).

4. Practical writing

Key points of knowledge:

We should focus on the formats of several common practical articles.

(1) letters-general letters and special letters, as well as general letters such as applications, proposals and thank-you letters.

① Title: Generally speaking, letters have no title (published letters can be named according to their contents or themes). )

② Address: Write the address of the recipient at the top of the first line, followed by a colon.

③ Text: Write the text in the two blanks of the second line. Change careers and write it in the top box. If the content is more, it can be segmented.

④ Ending: If you want to write wishes or pay tribute at the end, you can write words such as "wishes" and "sincerity" after the text, or you can write two spaces on a new line. Words such as "progress" and "salute" should start on a new line.

⑤ Signature and date: Write two lines at the bottom right of the letter. The first line is the signature and the second line is the date. In front of the signature, you can indicate the identity, qualifications or unit of the recipient as needed.

6. Fill in the standard envelope.

Fill in the postal code of the recipient's area in the six small boxes in the upper left corner of the envelope.

Under the postal code of the receiving area, write down the detailed address of the recipient or the detailed name of the unit.

Write the recipient's name in the middle below the recipient's address or company name.

Write the sender's detailed address and name at the bottom right of the recipient's name.

Write the postal code of the sender's area in the small box in the lower right corner of the envelope.

(2) notice

Learning method guidance

Stylistic knowledge should be mastered (not memorized) and applied, and the key point is to use this knowledge to solve the central problems of reading and writing. Specific guidance combines modern reading and writing.

2. There are several writing techniques in writing articles, which belong to artistic expression techniques (namely, artistic techniques and expression techniques, and expression techniques (skills)). Common ones are: exaggeration, contrast, metaphor, personification, suspense, concern, association, imagination, combination of suppression and suppression, combination of point and surface, combination of dynamic and static, combination of narration and discussion, blending of scenes, comparison and contrast, bedding and performance.

Expression is common narration, description, lyricism, discussion and explanation. (In fact, it also belongs to artistic expression).

Rhetoric is a common metaphor, contrast, analogy, duality, metonymy, exaggeration, intertextuality, pun, rhetorical question, repetition, irony and quotation.

3. Several modes of writing composition "A good beginning is half the battle", and the beginning of an article is very important.

With a good beginning, the article can not only drive the whole article, make it unfold smoothly, but also catch the reader and make it fascinating. The ancients said that the article "phoenix head, pork belly, leopard tail" contains this meaning.

Here are several narrative methods that are easy to master: First, cut to the chase (1) The narrative method that explains the basic elements of the incident begins with the time and place of the incident: "1on the morning of August 28, 945, looking down from Liang Qingshan, I saw many people walking along the mountain road to the airport outside the East Gate." At the beginning of "Remember a Table Tennis Match", the person, cause and time of time are explained.

(2) Cut to the chase and reveal the theme. The article "Back" begins: "I haven't seen my father for more than two years, and the most unforgettable thing is his back." The article "Praise of Poplar" begins with: "Poplar is really extraordinary, I praise it."

This method is also used at the beginning of Silhouette of a Good Life. (3) Take the beginning of things as the natural beginning of the article. An essay entitled "Remember a Biology Class" begins like this: "The bell rings, and everyone walks into the biology lab."

Second, the "indirect method" mentioned here does not mean that there is no "door", but that the "door" is decorated more beautifully by using writing techniques (such as discussion, description, lyric, quotation, etc.). ), rhetorical methods (such as questions, metaphors, etc. ) or other methods (such as setting suspense, etc. ), make the article more literary, more profound and vivid. Such as: (1) description of environment and description of atmosphere. "Pear Blossom in the Post Road" begins with a description of the natural environment: "Mountain, what a big mountain! The undulating blue mountains are one after another, extending into the distance and disappearing into the confused spring scenery. "

It plays up the deep and confused atmosphere of Ailao Mountain, and plays a role in setting off the touching story of the frontier fortress soldiers and civilians helping others later. This method is used at the beginning of "lost years" and "housing allocation".

(2) Deepening the discussion of the theme lyric method. The text "Who is the cutest person" and the example "Unusual Examination" all adopt this opening method. (3) The famous aphorism poem quotes the opening of "People's Public Servant": "People's life is limited, but serving the people is infinite.

I will devote my limited life to serving the people indefinitely. "This is a famous passage in Lei Feng's diary. Beginning with this passage, it undoubtedly played a "literary eye" role in describing Lei Feng's deeds later.

Bing Xin quoted Wang Wei's poem "Thinking of Shandong Brothers on a Mountain Holiday" at the beginning of the article "Thinking of my relatives twice during the festive season": "Being in a foreign land, I miss my relatives twice during the festive season. I know from a distance where my brother climbed, and there is one person missing from the dogwood. "

The topic is novel and sincere, pointing out the theme of missing overseas relatives. (4) The fascinating prompt method "Re-examination" puts forward a strange thing at the beginning, which attracts readers' attention and naturally makes people think: "Why is this?" I am eager to find the answer from the following article, so as to enhance the appeal of the article.

(5) Ways to attract readers' questions There is a short article entitled "My hometown", which begins like this: "Friend, have you been to my hometown? Have you climbed mountains, swam, and eaten fat carp in my hometown? " There are many ways to write at the beginning of the article. The following are several common ones. In writing, sometimes we cannot use a single method, but several methods.

With what method to start, we should consider the overall idea of the article, set out from the need to express the central idea, arrange the overall design throughout the article, and choose the most suitable starting method. The ending is as important as the beginning.

A successful ending can make readers understand the content of the article more thoroughly and further understand the central idea of the article; A wonderful ending can arouse readers' thinking and resonance, and enhance the appeal of the article. The ending should be like a bell, "there is more than silence." The choice of ending method must also be considered from the overall situation, so as to make the narrative events complete and clear, and make the structure of the article echo from beginning to end, so as to better express the center and achieve the purpose of writing.

Here are some common endings. (1) Natural and fluent explanation of results Nie Hualing's "Man, One Less" wrote a different image and manner of a female beggar before and after three years, showing the profound theme of personality degeneration.

The author did not add any comments and analysis, but simply described the course of the incident. At the end, it said, "Bang, the door was kicked open.

The woman turned around, sneered and gave me a cold look. She won't recognize me anymore! "This unadorned natural ending leaves readers with infinite thinking space, which is memorable.

The example "Remember a Table Tennis Match" also ends in this way. (2) The beginning and end of the quotation should echo the beginning, which is the general writing method of narrative, and many articles have reflected this feature.

Mr. Guo Moruo said at the beginning of the article Egret: "Egret is an exquisite poem." Finally, he said, "Egret is really a poem, a prose poem with rhyme in its bones."

"Egret is a poem", an unusual metaphor, especially the ending of which is embodied as "prose poem", highlights the characteristics of egrets' ordinary and beautiful, simple and noble, and praises their beauty. (3) Full-text summary method to make the finishing point. This method generally summarizes the center of the full text or comments on the characters and events in the text in the form of discussion or lyric.

The last paragraph of the article "Who is the cutest person" belongs to this type. This passage ends the whole article in a discussion and lyrical way. The title of the last sentence is: "You will deeply love our soldiers-they are indeed our loveliest people!" The examples of "The Color of Spring" and "Housing Distribution" also end like this. Sometimes famous sayings, epigrams or poems can be used to summarize the whole text, so that the ending is concise and clear, which plays the role of making the finishing point.

For example, in the last paragraph of "Pear Blossoms on the Post Road", "I look at these energetic Hani girls and the white pear blossoms, and I can't help but think of a sentence,' Pears are everywhere on the Post Road'." (4) Implicit.

4. What are the ways to write a composition? How to cultivate students' observation ability? I often hear some middle school students say, "I'm afraid of writing, and I have a headache when I start writing." I always feel that there is nothing to write. "

Some simply said, "I really don't know what to write and where to start." Although some students also handed in their compositions, when they read them carefully, they only perfunctory a few words at the beginning, and then they often accepted that the content was vague and general, and they didn't know what to say.

In view of these situations, I often encourage students to write with a pen and write when they can speak. If you want to have something to say, you should pay attention to the people and things around you and avoid making things up behind closed doors.

Due to the lack of observation and analysis of things around me, I feel that I have nothing to say and can't write. What is observation? The so-called observation is to see with your eyes.

We should "observe from a distance" and "observe from a distance", pay attention to everything, always pay attention to it, and form a habit. Mo Bosang, a French writer who is known as the king of short stories in the world, once worshipped Flaubert, a famous writer at that time.

One day, he told Flaubert the story of sitting in his room and preparing to write a novel. Flaubert said, "I advise you not to be busy writing these empty things." You ride a bike outside every day and record everything you see accurately and carefully. "

So Mo Bosang realized that Flaubert had taught him the basic skills of observing life with his eyes, knowing life and practicing observation. From then on, he spent a year or so, went out to observe every day, and finally wrote the novel Dim Sum, becoming a world-famous novelist.

Later, when summing up his own creative experience, Mo Bosang said, "Observe what you want to express for a long time, so as to find the features that others have not found and written. In everything, there are undiscovered things ... "Mr. Lu Xun once said:" We should pay attention to all kinds of things, read more books, and write without seeing anything. "

This is a summary of Lu Xun's long-term creative experience. It can be seen that if you want to write a good article, you must pay attention to observing things and improve your observation ability.

But how can we attract students' attention to the things around them? Here I want to talk about two points: to stimulate students' interest in observation. Psychologists believe that there is no learning without motivation, and motivation is the premise of learning. For composition teaching, teachers should be good at stimulating students' writing desire, mobilizing students' writing enthusiasm and changing passivity into initiative.

High school students have a strong ability to distinguish right from wrong, and they often have a strong desire to express themselves. Teachers should firmly grasp this desire and guide them to write excellent articles.

The syllabus has clear provisions on the composition teaching of all grades, which requires a planned and step-by-step implementation in the classroom. In-class composition requires specific requirements, and students are constrained by various aspects, which often appears passive, but it is essential.

To this end, I have always adopted a "two-pronged" approach in composition teaching: on the one hand, I arrange necessary compositions in class, on the other hand, I arrange a certain amount of extracurricular writing exercises. Last year, for example, I took over two classes in Grade One. In addition to the two-week big composition, I require each student to write at least one short article every week, and make random checks every other week and make comments.

Writing a composition is to give students full freedom: freedom of material selection, freedom of proposition, freedom of style and freedom of words. Only write about the people or things you are most familiar with, interested in and impressed by.

It can be discussed, lyrical, narrative and arbitrary. It is not an exaggeration to spread thousands of words; It's never too few to drop a few forks: long story short, write as much as you like, and stop at will.

This unconsciously cultivates students' interest and ability to observe things. The content they wrote was relatively simple at first, and gradually, their observation horizons were constantly expanding, and they were far away from the trivial things around them, writing about society and writing about life.

The content is getting richer and richer: class life and turmoil, family joys and sorrows, social experiences, etc., really big to the universe, small to the self. A student often observes the campus carefully, from scenery to people, from people to things, and writes one, two or three articles on campus life in succession ... In the composition, I see the students' writing desire and get the students' observation interest caused by their creative enthusiasm.

Not only is there something to write, but it is also more real and closer to life. Over the past year or so, remarkable results have been achieved.

Many students talked about the experience of writing a composition and agreed that the requirement of writing a composition prompted them to observe and think. Some said, "I have to keep my eyes open every day and look for it all my life."

Some said, "Because of the need to write a composition, I have been observing and listening at home, in the car and at school ..." Students in both classes have completed the task of writing three compositions a week, and because of their interest in things around them, many people consciously write more and develop the habit of keeping a diary. At the same time, in the classroom composition teaching, I also consciously stimulate students' interest in observation.

For example, I arranged an essay "Remembering one of the most familiar classmates in this class", asking everyone to take a classmate in the class as the description object, grasp its appearance characteristics to describe and portray it, and see who observes it carefully and writes like it. Moreover, most students can grasp the characteristics of the characters written in the residence.

For another example, after I finished making cloisonne, I arranged an essay on "Making * * Cuisine" to arouse students' interest in observation. As a result, students' interest was mobilized and their creative enthusiasm was stimulated, and they wrote one practical excellent work after another.

In short, in order for students to write good articles, we must first practice the basic skills of observation. Editor's reminder: Please pay attention to check whether the article ""has pagination content.

5. Several methods of writing composition The beginning method of college entrance examination composition, such as the beginning method of college entrance examination composition, such as the beginning method of college entrance examination composition, such as the method of composition examination (different types)-newcomer teaching [finishing].

There are three main forms of writing topics: one is the propositional topic composition test, in which the proposer directly specifies a topic and asks candidates to write around it; The second is a suggestive topic. The proposer often tells a paragraph, and the material composition examines the topic with intention.

Chinese writing teaching courseware for college entrance examination: thinking method of new material composition examination in 2009.

Key words, the sentence "Help the mouse to be a disaster" 2. Several groups of voles are associated with natural enemies of humans and voles. These materials imply ecological imbalance and environmental protection. In the examination of questions, the proposer directly specifies a topic and asks the candidates to write around this topic; The second is a suggestive topic. The proposer often has to describe a paragraph and make up his mind.

Key words, the sentence "Help the mouse to be a disaster" 2. Several groups of voles are associated with natural enemies of humans and voles. These materials imply ecological imbalance and environmental protection.

Training methods of composition fragments in junior high school.

The meaning of the so-called "composition fragment" junior high school composition fragment training, the proposer directly specifies a topic and asks the candidates to write around this topic; Second, the suggestive topic, the proposer often speaks a paragraph, which means to express a life with a small part of a paragraph, explain one aspect of things, and talk about some views on something and a phenomenon. This is what the junior high school composition training method does. The method of topic composition.

Rhetoric method 1, metaphor.

Take frustration as the topic, don't complain about the cards in your hand, and light the green flame with environmental protection as the topic. How to write a topic composition, the proposer directly specifies a topic and asks the candidates to write around this topic; The second is suggestive topic. Proposers often talk about a paragraph, which means using a short paragraph in a paragraph to show a life, explain one aspect of things, talk about some views on something and a phenomenon, and put forward a topic composition.

Rhetoric method 1, metaphor.

Take frustration as the topic, don't complain about the cards in your hand, and light the green flame with environmental protection as the topic. Steps and methods of topic composition examination.

Steps and methods of composition examination Xin Xiaohong of Xiangxian Middle School in Panyu District We all know the intention of composition examination. The proposer directly specifies a topic and asks the candidates to write around it. Second, suggestive topics, proposers often speak a paragraph, which means using a small part of a paragraph to express a life, explain one aspect of things, and talk about some views on something and a phenomenon. The proposition intention of the college entrance examination composition is very clear, not to test students' literary creation ability, and the topic composition is not required to be written in newspapers and magazines.

On the methods of middle school students' composition.

The writing method of students' compositions is to write topics. Yang (256300) from Changjia Middle School in gaoqing county, Zibo City is browsing the compositions of outstanding middle school students in recent years. The proposer directly specifies a topic and lets the candidates write around it. Second, suggestive topics, proposers often speak a paragraph, which means using a small part of a paragraph to express a life, explain one aspect of things, and talk about some views on something and a phenomenon. The proposition intention of college entrance examination composition is very clear, not to test students' literary creation ability, and it is found that many candidates regard writing inscriptions as a writing skill to improve their personal composition level. Innovative composition opening method. Doctor.

As the saying goes, Yang Yudong said that half of the articles are well written.

The composition in the examination room is well written at the beginning. At the beginning of the composition, the proposer directly specifies a topic and asks the candidates to write around this topic; Second, the suggestive topic, the proposer often speaks a paragraph, which refers to a paragraph in life, explains one aspect of things, and talks about some views on something and a phenomenon. The proposition intention of college entrance examination composition is very clear, not to test students' literary creation ability, but also to find that many candidates write inscriptions, especially to achieve phonetic effect. On the basis of skillfully using conventional writing methods, we should pursue innovation at the beginning of composition and use the methods at the beginning of junior high school composition in order to achieve.

The upgrading method of college entrance examination composition-new teaching [arrangement].

Composition method 1. In the upgrading of comprehensive materials, the proposer directly specifies a topic and asks candidates to write around this topic; Second, the suggestive topic, the proposer often speaks a paragraph, which refers to a paragraph in life, explains one aspect of things, and talks about some views on something and a phenomenon. The proposition intention of college entrance examination composition is very clear, not to test students' literary creation ability, but also to find that many candidates write inscriptions, especially to achieve phonetic effect. On the basis of skillfully using conventional writing methods, the composition should pursue innovation from the beginning, and the whole is greater than the sum of parts.

"My Day" promotes the theme in the comprehensive material, and frames are fixed, indicating that people are always busy; It's freezing. Methods of optimizing composition language.

Instructor of composition method language: Cao, discussion sentence 1 the method of writing a good composition, the proposer directly specifies a topic and asks candidates to write around this topic; Second, the suggestive topic, the proposer often speaks a paragraph, which refers to a paragraph in life, explains one aspect of things, and talks about some views on something and a phenomenon. The proposition intention of college entrance examination composition is very clear, not to test students' literary creation ability, but also to find that many candidates write inscriptions, especially to achieve phonetic effect.

On the basis of skillfully using conventional writing methods, the composition should pursue innovation from the beginning, and the whole is greater than the sum of parts. "My Day" promotes the theme in the comprehensive materials, freezing one and freezing two ways to learn humor: ① "My mother is not too tall, I am as short as my mother."

Probably because I look like my mother, because my mother is not tall and has a way of writing. See:/886teacher/blog/item/6f121c32bf0b7295bb5 for details.

6. There are several ways to write an article. There are five common ways to write an article, namely: expressing meaning, narrating discussion, suppressing before promoting, echoing from beginning to end, setting suspense and so on. Details are as follows:

1. Tell the story with things: It means that the author describes the characteristics of an objective thing by means of symbol or evocation to express the author's feelings or reveal the main idea of the work. Therefore, the author must accurately reveal the character or conduct of the recited thing on the basis of observing, experiencing, comparing and thinking about the characteristics of a particular thing in real life.

2. Narration and discussion: ask one thing to be narrated, and one thing to be analyzed and commented. This kind of writing is flexible and vivid, and can also play the role of generalization, prompt, transition and summary, and can directly reveal the meaning of the writing object.

3. Moderation: refers to an artistic technique of praising or rendering a specific description object in the same performance process, so that some aspects of the description object are compared before and after, thus arousing waves and receiving strong artistic effects.

There are ups and downs and twists and turns, which make the works of art swaying, forming waves of ups and downs and enhancing the artistic effect of the works. Generally speaking, there are three kinds of inhibition: first rising and then restraining, first restraining and then rising, first restraining and not rising, second restraining and rising, second restraining and rising, second restraining and rising, and so on. When using cadence artistic techniques, we must take into account the internal and external characteristics of the described object and pay attention to the proportion of cadence.

4. From beginning to end: the beginning and end of the article have the same meaning, which can highlight the center more strongly, make the structure of the article more rigorous, better express the author's thoughts and feelings, and leave readers room for imagination.

5. Setting suspense: a writing method of setting a question or contradiction in a certain part of an article to arouse the readers' eager and enthusiastic attention. Setting suspense can make the plot interlocking, make the plot tortuous and vivid, highlight the theme and characters of the article, and thus achieve shocking results.

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