Beauty in mathematics, like wine and sweet spring, has attracted people's attention since ancient times. Ancient Greek scholars believed that the sphere was the most perfect shape; Pythagoras discovered the Pythagorean theorem, and he advocated the simple and harmonious relationship of right angles. When Einstein 12 years old, he got a Euclidean geometry textbook. Its preciseness, clearness and certainty left an indelible impression on Einstein. When Rosso studied Euclidean geometry, he thought it was a great event in his life. He is as fascinated as his first love. He didn't expect such an interesting thing in the world.
There is a famous saying in the west: the harmony between part and part, part and whole is beauty. Based on this, people use the method of proportion to find the golden ratio with aesthetic value in plastic arts, and call it "golden section" or "Huang Jinlv". Venus statue and Athena statue are the proportions and divisions of beauty. The ratio of its lower body to its whole body is close to 0.6 18. The human body is born with beauty, and its proportion also conforms to the "Huang Jinlv". No wonder the German astronomer Kepler called the golden section "a great treasure of geometry!" Symmetric graphics give people the enjoyment of beauty, while asymmetric phenomena also have beauty, which is the beauty of the golden section. Nowadays, designers and artists use this law to create many charming buildings and priceless art treasures.
The beauty of mathematics is everywhere, as people often say, "Where there are numbers, there is beauty." Mathematical beauty is different from natural beauty or artistic beauty. Aristotle, a great philosopher in ancient Greece, said: Although there is no obvious mention of goodness and beauty in mathematics, goodness and beauty cannot be completely divorced from mathematics, because the main forms of beauty are "order, symmetry and certainty", which is the principle of mathematical research. The famous British philosopher and mathematical logician Rosso described the beauty of mathematics as "cold and serious beauty". He said: If we treat mathematics correctly, it not only has truth, but also has supreme beauty. This kind of beauty is not only a weak aspect that appeals to our nature, but also has no gorgeous decoration like painting and music. It can be pure to sublime, and it can reach a perfect state that only the greatest art can strictly express. Wiener said: Mathematics is an art in essence.
It can be seen that mathematical beauty is a completely harmonious and abstract artistic beauty, an objective existence and a reflection of natural beauty in mathematics; At the same time, it is also a scientific beauty that reflects and actively transforms the objective world.