Humans don't know when volcanic earthquakes will happen, why rain and snow will come to the world, why droughts and floods alternate, and why droughts are always accompanied by locust plagues. Humans are even more confused about the alternation of the sun and the moon. It can be said that all the natural phenomena in this world are just watched by human beings, who are extremely familiar with all this, but know nothing about it.

There are many things in this world that can make people fear and fear, and the root of all fears is two words: unknown, which can also be called uncertainty. Everything that happens in this world is unknown to human beings, and everything is uncertain, so human beings are afraid and helpless. At this time, they need to seek a sense of security, and certainty can bring a sense of security, so human beings began to shape certainty, and ghosts and gods came into being.

With faith, the world becomes more certain.

We know that the change of the sun and the moon is the manipulation of ghosts and gods, and natural disasters are the sins of heaven. Unfortunately, all this is just self-deception, and the uncertainty of the world will still make people of insight feel scared until mankind embarks on the road of science. The appearance of Newton and the birth of classical mechanics pointed out a new direction for the world. Whether it is the replacement of the sun and the moon or daily life, everything can be defined by physical quantities.

Using the law of universal gravitation, we can accurately predict the mysterious celestial motion, and through the calculation of velocity and acceleration, we can get the exact laws of the motion of objects, especially the appearance of Newton's three laws, which laid a solid foundation for classical mechanics. Science appeared, and we also know that science is the law of all things in the world. By mastering this law, we can control the world. At this time, the world becomes certain in our eyes.

Unfortunately, the good times didn't last long, and the rapid development of science soon took us away from this world full of certainty.

The world described by Newtonian mechanics can be said to be a special case in the macro low-speed environment, and it is not the essential law of the universe. When we try to deal with the problem of high-speed motion with classical mechanics, mistakes and omissions appear. Under such circumstances, another great scientist appeared, and he was Einstein.

Einstein brought human beings from Newton's era into Einstein's world through the theory of relativity. Einstein's view of time and space is completely different from Newton's, but it is strikingly similar in one thing. They all think that the world is certain. Although Newtonian mechanics and Einstein's theory of relativity are not enough to describe all the laws of the whole universe, Einstein believes that there must be a unified theory in this world, which is the ultimate theory and the operating law of everything.

Einstein always believed that God did not roll dice.

Einstein's sentence is easily misunderstood. Einstein didn't want to explain the existence of God to the world. The God in his mind is the truth he believes in, and the absolute truth Einstein believes in is that the world is certain. Einstein's life has not changed this idea. Einstein's idea meets most people's expectations of the world, but in fact Einstein may be wrong, at least for now.

All this starts with Heisenberg's uncertainty principle. Extranuclear electrons contain two pieces of information, position and momentum. Heisenberg believes that there is no way to observe the position and momentum information of electrons at the same time. If we measure the position of the electron, then the momentum cannot be measured. If we measure the momentum, we can't determine the position of the electron. What is the significance of Heisenberg's uncertainty principle?

If the world is certain, we can predict all the movements in the world as long as we know the initial state and running law of every particle in the world.

But the reality is that the momentum and position of an electron cannot be measured at the same time, let alone know the initial state of each particle. Moreover, the motion of quantum is obviously random, and even if there is enough information, it is impossible to predict their next position. Quantum mechanics proves to us that the micro-world is uncertain and the macro-world is composed of the micro-world. If the micro world is uncertain, so is the macro world.

For example, a person's small action may lead to a great event on the other side of the earth at some time in the future, but we can't linearly describe the causal relationship between this person's small action and this great event in the future. Even after seeing all this, Einstein believed from beginning to end that God didn't roll the dice.