I love you

Japanese version: あなたのことが好きです（ai si te ru）

Romanized: a yi xi tai lu

Chinese pronunciation: wo ai ni.

Extended information:

Japanese, referred to as Japanese, is a script mainly used by the Wazu people on the Japanese archipelago. official language. Its language family is controversial. Some people think it can be classified into the Altaic language family, while some Japanese scholars think it is an isolated language, Fuyu language family or Japanese language family.

Phonetic categories:

Kana

Kana is the phonetic character of Japanese, mainly including Hiragana, Katakana, Manyo Kana, and variant Kana. type. Manyo Kana is no longer used, but was the prototype of the first two.

In modern Japanese, Hiragana and Katakana each have 46 unvoiced sounds, which correspond one to one. In addition to the kana, katakana is on the right and romaji (plain text) is on the top.

Among them, the two pseudonyms wi (ゐ) and we (ゑ) are no longer used due to changes in spoken language. When wo (を) is used as a particle, its pronunciation is exactly the same as o (お).

Each kana in the kana yin can be pronounced roughly according to the corresponding plain romaji; except that the ra line is not pronounced as /r/ but closer to /l/, English should be used spelling and pronunciation rules. However, the specific pronunciation is not exactly the same. See the phonology section below for details.

Voiced and semi-voiced sounds

Voiced sounds are mainly expressed by adding two dots (゛, dot々, voiced dot, or voiced ら) to the upper right corner of unvoiced sounds, while hakana plus a A circle (゜, semi-voiced point, or pill) represents a semi-voiced sound.

There are only 5 vowels in Japanese, represented by the five kana "あ?い?う?え?お". Phonologically, its pronunciation is close to [a] [i] [u] [e] [o]

"う" is different from [u] in English and is a non-rounded vowel. However, the pronunciation of "う" in Western Japanese dialects and after the labial sound is close to a rounded vowel. The final sounds such as "です" and "ます" at the end of the text will be devoiced and sound like [des] [mas]. In addition, when the vowels "い" and "う" are sandwiched between voiceless sounds, the "い" and "う" in the middle will be devoiced, and the vocal cords will not vibrate at this time.

Consonants

As for consonants, there are unvoiced consonants - "か?さ?た?な?は?ま?や?ら?わ行" and voiced consonants - "が?ざ The consonant of "だ?ば行" and the semi-voiced sound - the consonant of "ぱ行".

拗音

In Japanese, kana in the i column plus lowercase ゃ, ゅ, and ょ are used to represent palatal sounds, which are called 拗 sound.

In addition to katakana, you can also use other columns of kana plus lowercase ァ, ィ, ゥ, ェ, ォ, ヮ to express the pronunciation of foreign characters.

The obsessive sound is composed of a kana of the "い" segment except the "あ" line and one of the three kana of the "や" line.

There is also the "い" segment in voiced and semi-voiced sounds. There are only two pseudonyms for Ao Yin, the first is written as a capital and the second is written as a small.

Prompt sound

The hiragana "っ" written in small characters indicates silence between two syllables, or the katakana "ッ" indicates a sudden interruption of the syllable, at the end of the previous beat. Add the consonant at the beginning of the following beat to form a consonant. The syllable is a single syllable. Although it is not pronounced when reciting, there must be a pause.

The pronunciation is usually a remnant of the medieval Chinese rhyme character. In Roman characters, it is represented by repeating the consonant of the next character (if there is no consonant, use h). Example:

"Japan" = "日" + "本"; "日" = "にち" (nichi), "本" = "ほん" (hon).

When "日" and "本" are pronounced together, the second half syllable "ち" (chi) of "日" becomes a consonant sound. Since the Japanese language had a change from p to h in the past, "本" changed into a semi-voiced sound and was pronounced as "p". Therefore, the Japanese pronunciation of "Japan" is shortened from "にちほん" (Nichi-hon) to "にっぽん" (Nippon pronounced Ni.p-po.n).

Long sound

There is a long sound in Japanese, that is, the vowel of the kana is stretched to 2 beats.

When using Hiragana, when the following letter belongs to the same paragraph as the previous letter, the vowel of the previous letter will become a long sound, such as おばあさん (お波さん, obaasan, grandma). In addition, the "i" after the letters in the "e" section and the "u" after the letters in the "o" section are also used to indicate long sounds, and should be pronounced as "oo" or "ee" instead of "ou" or "ei" ". For example, in けいさつ (police, keisatsu, policeman) and しょうねん (boy, shounen, boy), the sounds of ke and sho are lengthened to 2 beats.

When using katakana, long sounds are mostly represented by "ー". For example: スクール (school, sukuuru, school)

When transcribing Romaji, the long sound can be added directly followed by the English letter corresponding to the kana, or a dash or a dash can be added to the extended vowel. Pointed tip indicates. So けいさつ = keisats/kēsatsu/kêsatsu, しょうねん = shounen/shōnen/shônen. In addition, words with the -ng nasal sound ending in Chinese words often appear in the form of long sounds when converted into Japanese words, such as けいさつ (police).

It should be noted that some special names in Japan, such as Tokyo, Osaka, and Kyoto, have been used in English for a long time, so the long sounds of their Roman characters are generally not special. To express; only a horizontal line or a pointed tip will be added above the letter. For example, when writing Romaji, とうきょう(Tokyo) = Tokyo/Tōkyō/Tôkyô, but not Toukyou. In the same way, おおさか ( Osaka) = Osaka/ōsaka/Ôsaka, but not Oosaka; きょうと (Kyoto) = Kyoto/Kyōto/Kyôto, but not Kyouto.

But when converting such a surname into Roman characters, in addition to using horizontal lines or pointed ends as mentioned above, basically Japanese people will use "h" to distinguish long sounds. For example: Oba (おおば) will be transformed into Ohba, and Ohno (おおの) will be transformed into Ohno.

Pial tone

Pial tone ん and ン (n) do not appear at the beginning of the word, but they must have a pronunciation length of one beat. Affected by the syllables that follow it, its pronunciation is also different.

The /n/ sound is pronounced before the syllables in the ta line, da line, ra line, and na line, such as みんな (all, minna, everyone) before the syllables in the pa line, ba line, and ma line. The /m/ sound is pronounced, such as しんぶん (news, shinbun, newspaper). The /?/ sound is pronounced before the syllables of the ka line and ga line, such as でんき (电気, denki, electric lamp)

The evolution of kana< /p>

The earliest written cultural relics in Japan were around the 1st century AD. At that time, Japanese scholars used Chinese characters to pronounce Japanese sounds, which was called "training". On this basis, Manyo Kana was developed, which first appeared in the "Man'yoshu", Japan's earliest poetry collection. This method borrowed the phonetic function of Chinese and abandoned its structural nature. In addition, Chinese has no morphological conjugation and lacks auxiliary verbs. In the 9th century AD, katakana based on the traditional Chinese character and Chinese cursive were created successively. The original hiragana completely evolved Japanese writing into the era of writing.