Inscription poem:

Since ancient times, Zhong Zhang in Han and Wei Dynasties, two kings at the end of Jin Dynasty, was one of the four sages,

The ancients were unique, but today they can't catch the past. The ancient quality is glorious, and the quality is prosperous.

Yan is different from the common, so the works of the book are appropriate to remember words. Three changes in quality and writing, timely changes,

evolution, innovation. When the ancient is not good, express feelings,

different disadvantages today, keep pace with the times, be gentle, and then be a gentleman.

Scholars in the Eastern Jin Dynasty, mutual Tao quenching, Wang Xie's family, Yun Yu's LUN,

there is a meeting, and the secret is deep; Scholars are at a loss, but they don't know what to get.

They only see its beauty, but they don't understand the reason. Their hearts and hands will return to the same source, and

The technique of conversion will be divided into * * * trees. It is important to write books when changes are timely;

When it comes to the topic, the pattern is the first. If the grass doesn't have the pattern at the same time, it's almost exclusive.

if you don't understand the grass, it's definitely not a letter. In the letter, stippling is the form, and

it turns into emotion; Grass uses stippling, which is emotional, and turns into form. < P > The grass is good and makes it turn, but it can't become a word; It's still possible to write down the words when you write a picture.

Although the answers are different from each other, they are generally related. The feelings of writing grass are as good as blood and flesh.

Text:

My husband was a good writer since ancient times, and Han and Wei had a bell, and one piece was unique. At the end of the Jin Dynasty, he was called the wonder of two kings. Wang Xizhi said: "Looking for famous books, Zhong Zhangxin is unsurpassed, and the rest is not enough."

Interpretation: Since ancient times, Zhong You and Zhang Zhi have been good at calligraphy, and their calligraphy is incomparable. At the end of Jin Dynasty, the calligraphy of the two kings was exquisite. Wang Xizhi said: "Look out all the famous calligraphy ink and compare them. Zhong and Zhang are really incomparable, and other calligraphy is not worth seeing."

Zhong You? (151-23) Character Chang was born in Yingzhou Changshe (Changge, Henan). When he was in Wei Mingdi in the Three Kingdoms, he was a teacher, so he was also called "Zhong Taifu" and was an important official of Cao Cao. When I was young, I studied calligraphy with Liu De in Baodushan, and then I studied Cao Xi and Cai Yong (Yinyong). I worked very hard and stayed at home, pointing to the broken quilt. It is said that he saw Cai Yong's brushwork at Wei Birthday, but he was so angry that he vomited blood that he was saved by Cao Caoyong's Five Elixirs. Later, Zhong sent someone to steal Wei's birthday tomb to get this book. His brushwork spread to more than a dozen people, such as Mrs. Wei-Wang Xizhi-Wang Xianzhi-Yang Xin, and all those who got this method became masters (according to other materials, Wei died after the clock). According to legend, Zhong You's writing with a pen is not long: "I don't know that it is better to use a pen, so it is especially well known to use the author's heaven (boundary) and beauty (ground)." "I have been studying books for thirty years, but I haven't finished reading other methods, and then I learned to use a pen (Cai Yong). If you live with people and draw a wide range of steps, you will be drawn across the table, and you will forget to go to the toilet all day. Every time you see ten thousand kinds, you will draw an image. The former sentence embodies the traditional thought of "harmony between man and nature", which means nature and kung fu in calligraphy. People can only achieve beauty by exerting their strength, while nature refers to two aspects, one is human nature and the other is nature. There are only three ways to pursue "the unity of heaven and man": one is "the nature of teacher", that is, "I learn from my law"; The second is "the nature of the teacher", and the "method of forgetting me" takes all kinds of methods just to forget me; The third is to connect "nature" with "nature" and meet "heaven" with "heart". The last sentence is mainly about his hard work in practicing calligraphy.

Zhang zhi? When the Emperor was offered in the Eastern Han Dynasty, Dunhuang people moved to Huayin, Shaanxi Province with their father, and were good at zhangcao, which played an important role in turning zhangcao into today's grass and was known as the "sage of grass". Only lived in his thirties. His cursive script is coherent and interlaced, so it is called a book. Its famous saying: I am in a hurry. His cursive scripts include Champion Post, Year-round Post, Now Want to Return to Post, February 8th Post and Autumn Cool and Good Post. He did not become an official, and there are not many records in history.

Original text: It can be said that Zhong Zhangyun was absent, but Xi Xian succeeded him. Another cloud said, "My book is like a clock, and the clock should resist the line, or it should be said. Zhang Cao is still a wild goose, but Zhang be adept at, the pool is full of ink. If you make me worry about it, you may not thank it. " This is the meaning of pushing Zhang Mai Zhong. Test its expertise, although it failed in the previous rules, it is not ashamed to do it.

explanation: It can be said that after Zhong Zhang's death, Jude Wong came, and their father and son had the best calligraphy. Wang Xizhi added: "Compared with Zhong Zhang, my calligraphy is comparable to or more than Zhong Zhang.

? Compared with Zhang Zhi, they are quite equal to each other. However, Zhang Zhi's simplicity lies in his extremely hard work, which dyed the pool water black. If I want to be like him, I may not be inferior to him. This remark is Wang Xizhi's opinion that Zhang Zhi is better than Zhong You, and his calligraphy level exceeds Zhong's.

Looking at Wang Xizhi's expertise and masterful plays, although he has fully realized the norms of his predecessors, he can learn from others, so he is worthy of calligraphy.

the critic said, "He is one of the four sages, and the ancients were unique, but now they are not able to catch the ancients, and the ancients are now beautiful." The husband's quality is based on the generation, and the beauty is different because of the customs. Although the works of the book contract are suitable for memorizing words, the quality of the book has changed, and the evolution of the book has changed, and the physical Chang Ran has changed. It's different when you are naughty in the past. The so-called gentleness is then a gentleman. Why is it easy to carve the palace at the point, but it's against the jade.

explanation: the commentator said: They are four wise men, who are the best since ancient times. But today's people are not as good as the ancients, whose calligraphy is simple, and today's calligraphy is gorgeous and beautiful. The simple style rises because of different times; Yanmei will also have different styles because of different secular preferences. Although characters are created to record the language, the style of calligraphy will change from simple and honest to gorgeous and simple, from paying attention to practicality to pursuing appearance. Simplicity and literary talent are just like this. The law of the development of things is to inherit and develop. Everything is the same.

the most valuable thing is that we can not only inherit the laws of the ancients, but also not deviate from the trend of the times. We should pursue the current fashion without being different from the vulgar disadvantages of others. The so-called combination of literary talent and simplicity is the gentleman's demeanor. Why give up the magnificent palace carved with dragons and carved with wind to live in the cave where primitive people live, and give up the exquisite jade treasure car to take the original unicycle?

Commentary: From this passage, we can see that his artistic view is more profound than that of Bo Gu today. However, his Book Score has arguments regardless of the evidence. Zhong, Zhang and Wang are all ancient people to Sun. However, he didn't list several famous artists in the early Tang Dynasty, which seemed to have a contradictory mentality. In fact, his character is reflected here. He doesn't care about his peers. Only he can "learn from the past and learn from the present".

as the saying goes, a child's respect is less than his leisure, and his leisure is less than that of Zhong Zhang. The Italian thought that he had been evaluated for his discipline, but he did not specify his beginning and end. And Yuan often specializes in official script, Bo Ying is still good at cursive script, and the other is both beautiful and easy, and the grass is more true than the truth. Although it is small and inferior, it is more excellent, and it is always the same.

Explanation: Commentators say that Wang Xianzhi's calligraphy is not as good as Wang Xizhi's, just as Wang Xizhi's calligraphy is not as good as Zhong You's and Zhang Zhi's. Some people may think that this comment captures the crux of the problem, but it does not explain the reasons in detail.

explanation: according to his viewpoint of valuing the present and neglecting the ancient, it should be explained that the two kings (today) are better than Zhong Zhang (ancient), but they have become worse from generation to generation ("judging their discipline"). Further suspense is raised here.

explanation: besides, Zhong You is good at regular script (official script in Tang Dynasty is the same as official script and real script, and official script is called "eight points"), while Zhang Zhi is especially good at cursive script, but Wang Xizhi has both the beauty of these two people's calligraphy. Compared with cursive script, Wang Xizhi has more real books than Zhang Zhi; It is better than regular script, and Wang Xizhi is better than Zhong You's cursive script. Although Wang Xizhi's calligraphy may be inferior to that of Zhong and Zhang in a certain style of writing, Wang Xizhi's words are still inappropriate because he is able to learn many excellent things and integrate the strengths of many families.

..............

and the scholars of the Eastern Jin Dynasty, they were mutually hardened. The room belongs to Wang Xie's family, which is a blessing to Yu. Even if it is not magical, it is salty and has its own flavor. If you go forever, the road will be smaller. Fang Fuwen suspected? Doubt, at the end of the line, ancient and modern block, no question; There is a meeting, and the secret is deep; Therefore, scholars are at a loss, ignorant of the essentials, only seeing the beauty of success and not understanding the reasons. Or it is distributed in many years, and it is still far from the rules. I really don't understand the picture, and I will be fascinated by learning grass. If you make a thin cursive script and pass on the official law roughly, you will be good at drowning and sticking to the rules. Trusting the intimate hand will return, if the same origin is different; The art of conversion, the children of Judah * * * tree and article? Take advantage of the timely changes, and it is important to write books; The title is square, which is really the first. Grass is not both true and true, and it is almost dedicated; It's really impossible to understand grass, it's really awkward, and it's really based on stippling, which makes it emotional; Grass takes stippling as its emotion and transforms it into shape. The grass is good and can't be turned into words; It's really a loss to draw pictures, but it's still worth remembering. Although the answers are different, they are generally related.

Today's translation: Scholars in the Eastern Jin Dynasty all influenced each other. As for Wang, Xie, Zhi and Yu schools, their calligraphy level is not magical, but they also have a certain charm and elegance. However, the farther away from the Jin Dynasty, the more the calligraphy art declined. When future generations hear the book theory, they praise it blindly, even if they get some fur, they will practice it. Because of the isolation between ancient and modern times, it is difficult to ask questions anyway; ? Although some people have some understanding, they often keep their mouths shut, which makes the learners at a loss. They can't get to the point. They only see others succeed in taking beauty, but they don't understand the reasons for the success. It has taken many years for some people to master the structural distribution, but it is still far from the regulations. Copying regular script is difficult to understand, and practicing cursive script is confusing. Even if you can have a superficial understanding of cursive brushwork and a rough understanding of the rules of regular script, you are often caught in the rough and deviate from the laws and regulations. I don't know, the connection between heart and hand is like the tributaries of each vein formed by the same source; The technique of turning is like a tree with several branches. When it comes to adapting to circumstances, running script is the most important; For the inscription on the title list, regular script is the first choice. Writing cursive script does not have both the method of opening letters and it is easy to lose the normative statutes; It's hard to be called a good book if you don't know everything about regular script. Regular script is composed of stippling, and emotion is expressed by turning; Cursive script reveals the spirit by stippling, and forms the body by turning. Cursive script can't be written if it can't be used properly; Regular script can still describe the words if it lacks the effort of stippling. The two forms of calligraphy are different from each other, but their rules are roughly the same. Therefore, to learn calligraphy, it is necessary to bypass Da Zhuan and Xiao Zhuan, integrate them into han li, and learn from Zhang Cao. If you are aware of it at all, you are far from it. ?