2. Ignorance and humility show shame, while ignorance and arrogance are downright shameless.
The most beautiful monkey is ugly compared with people.
4. Time is when children play dice, and children are king.
Education is the second sun for educated people.
6. It is impossible for a person to step into the same river twice, because this river is different from this person.
7. Wisdom lies in only one thing, that is, knowing the thoughts that are good at controlling everything.
8. I have looked for it for myself.
9. Character is fate.
10, a person's quality is his patron saint.
Heraclitus
Around the 6th century BC, there were two most famous city-states in Ionia, one was Miletus and the other was Epirus. Both city-states are located in prosperous ports with many businessmen. However, they are famous in history, because they produced a much more difficult variety than businessmen-philosophers. Miletus contributed the earliest philosophers Thales, anaximander and Anaximenes to mankind, which is called Miletus School in history. Comparatively speaking, philosophers are lonely in their times. There is no epoch school in history, only Heraclitus in the epoch (535-475 AD).
This is in line with Heraclitus' temper. He is cold and disdains to associate with anyone. The Greek philosopher pays attention to learning from the teacher, but he has no mentor before and no inheritance after, as if this man accidentally jumped out of heaven and earth. He said that he was nobody's student, and he learned everything by himself. He didn't recruit disciples like other philosophers and continue his lineage. He must be a bachelor, and there is no trace of his marriage in the literature. Everything in the world, including family, property, reputation and power, is not in his eyes. At that time, Ifitz was under the rule of the Persian Empire, and King Darius I invited him to the palace. He wrote back and declined: "I am afraid of greatness and content with humility, as long as this humility suits my heart." In fact, his background is not humble at all, and he is second to none in erasing. He is the heir to the throne of the city-state, but his soul is extremely noble enough to make him despise all the power in the world and give the throne to his younger brother.
In Heraclitus' interpersonal relationship, we only know that he has a good friend named Hermodolo. Hermodolo was a politician who actively promoted the restoration of Solon's legal career in the city-state, and was expelled by Ifes. This incident must have greatly stimulated Heraclitus and made him deeply disgusted with public ignorance and most acts of violence. In response to this matter, he said indignantly: "All the adults in Aifez should be hanged and the polis should be handed over to the young people, because they expelled the best one." Perhaps after this, Heraclitus broke away from the gods and lived a lonely life, becoming a hermit.
On the outskirts of Ifitz, there is a temple in themis, dedicated to the moon and the goddess of hunting. When Heraclitus was alive, the temple was being rebuilt for the second time. This project lasted 120 years, and finally the most magnificent building in early Ionia was built. At that time, it was the largest temple in Greece and was listed as one of the seven wonders of the world by later generations. Heraclitus' seclusion is near this temple. As you can imagine, because it was under construction, it was actually a construction site, and children often came here to play. Our philosophers also play with children, and what they play most is throwing dice made of sheep metatarsal bones. In Effie's view, it is a madman's behavior for an adult to throw animal bones with children all day long without doing anything. As a result, the whole city came to watch the excitement and burst into laughter. At this time, the madman threw a very contemptuous sentence at the noisy crowd: "rogue, what's the fuss!" " Isn't this more legitimate than engaging in politics with you? "The Missis Temple in Alsi was destroyed by fire more than 60 years after it was built, and now it no longer exists, but this warning has gone through the ruins of the years and still echoes in my ears.
Later, Heraclitus became so cynical that he didn't want to see human beings again. He simply hid in the mountains, lived with animals, ate grass and bark, became edema and died at the age of 60.
Philosophers often keep a considerable distance from the secular, and looking at the secular from this distance is either super indifferent or open-minded. Most ancient Greek philosophers were like this. They live in their own world and are too lazy to be true to the laity. Although Socrates did not succumb to the laity at the last moment and died peacefully, his usual attitude was also very easy-going, and at most he just said a few clever sarcastic words. Philosophers are cynical and seem to have lost their demeanor as philosophers. In ancient Greece, it often happened that the city-states expelled philosophers. However, there is no such thing as Heraclitus' self-exile in the polis.
An unsociable person is either a god or an animal. Maybe Heraclitus is a god.
Heraclitus is obviously a person with serious mental cleanliness. Although he despises the status and life of the nobility, he is a nobleman at heart. However, the nobility in his mind is entirely spiritual. In his view, the only boundary that distinguishes people's nobility and inferiority is spirit, whether it is spiritual Excellence or mediocrity. He clearly declared that an excellent person is worth ten thousand people. He also clearly declared that most people are bad and only a few people are good. What he said is good or bad only refers to the soul, not the identity.
Heraclitus despised not only the public, but also all philosophers before him and at the same time. If he were alive today, I believe he would still despise most philosophers after him. In his eyes, there are almost no wise men in Greece since Homer. After saying the famous saying "erudition doesn't make a man wise", he took hesiod, Pythagoras and Shenofini as examples. After listening to many speeches of his contemporaries, he came to the conclusion that none of them knew what wisdom was. So, what is wisdom? What he said is "the thought of knowing, controlling and running through everything", in short, "knowing everything as one". That doesn't sound new at all. Looking for one of many things is the proper meaning of philosophy. Philosophers including Pythagoras and Xenophanes have been doing this since Thales. What is the uniqueness of Heraclitus?
It is a basic fact that everything changes and life is impermanent. This fact puts a question mark on the meaning of human existence, and the reason why human beings need philosophy is to get rid of this question mark. The method of most philosophers is to look for an unchangeable thing behind the change, called source, ontology, entity, essence and so on, and accordingly demote the change into a phenomenon. It is at this point that Heraclitus shows his uniqueness.
However, for human beings, is this world view too terrible? If change is everything, how can we live with confidence without a stable core and a shore where we can place our hopes? If a person holds such a world view, he is bound to be world-weary and see through the futility of all temporary things. This may be the case with Heraclitus. I heard him say a cold word: "Time is a child playing dice, and the child holds the kingship!" " "In this way, when he plays dice with the children next to the temple of Artemis, he is not playing games, but just carrying out a' behavioral philosophy'.
He seemed to look at Effie with disdain. You think you are the master of the world, but you don't know that your destiny is in the hands of a wayward child. This child is time. It plays with your destiny like a dice, making you lose and win, and you are tired of playing one generation and a new generation. Generation after generation will be played by him and abandoned by him. ...
However, for the same sentence, a philosopher heard a completely different meaning. For more than two thousand years, Nietzsche found his only philosophical confidant in Heraclitus. He thinks that when Heraclitus plays games with urchins, he thinks of the game of Zeus, the big urchin in the universe. With the eternal change of the universe, it is a big urchin, creating and destroying. Creation and destruction are its games, and it uses this game to entertain itself. If we feel the joy of its game, we won't be sad for the short life. All temporary things are valuable, which is aesthetic value according to Nietzsche, because children are artists when they play, and the happiness of games is aesthetic happiness.
Heraclitus' worldview is credible and unlovable, because we can't be the cosmic urchin who plays dice, and we don't want to be spun in a gesture of dice.