Stage: observation and estimation. "Left rule, right rule."
2. What sentences in the text indicate that Dayu "did his best until he died"?
"Land travel by car, water travel by boat, mud travel by sleigh, mountain travel by dog."
3. There are many famous people in the history of water conservancy in China. Can you give a few more examples?
In the Spring and Autumn Period, Chu Lingshuai said, "The position is high and the meaning is good, while Lu is thick and cautious." . He personally organized the people to build water conservancy projects, and successively presided over a number of water conservancy projects in Qi Temple and Honglou (now around Henan Mall). In particular, he built a large-scale water storage and irrigation project with a circumference of 200 miles-Shaopi (also known as Anfengtang, in the south of Shouxian County, Anhui Province), and introduced the Pi River and various landscapes into the artificial lake, so as to open the floodgates for drainage when there is little water. It not only played a positive role in the prevention and control of floods in this area, but also irrigated more than one million mu of farmland, which greatly promoted the economic development of Chu State and even made Chu Zhuangwang the overlord of the Central Plains.
Ni Kuan, the left literary historian of the Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty, holds a high position, but he is famous for "dressing like a servant", "eating like a mediocre man" and "walking sideways", especially for "persuading farmers, suspending sentences and humiliating corporal". He took the initiative to lend money to the poor, delayed collecting land rent, was rated as the lowest by the government, and was almost dismissed from office. In11year, Ni Kuan organized people to dig six auxiliary canals, which expanded the irrigation area of Zheng Guoqu. He also "made the water widely irrigated", so that the water conservancy of Liu Fu Canal was not monopolized by powerful people and was praised by the people.
During the Western Han Dynasty and the Yuan Dynasty, the prefect of Nanyang County called a letter minister and personally went out to find water sources and explore the water potential. He led the people to ditch water to irrigate the fields and built dozens of ponds and dikes. One of them, named Lubei, irrigated 30,000 mu of land. He also personally formulated the water control system-"balanced water use constraint", and carved stones on the ridge to facilitate implementation. He called the letter minister "to be an official for the benefit of one party", and later generations set up a shrine to worship: "Before calling the father, there must be Du Mu" (referring to the poem of the letter minister and Du Fu, the magistrate of Nanyang County 60 years later).
Fan Zhongyan, who "worries about the world first, and enjoys the world later", was an honest and diligent person in the Northern Song Dynasty who actively controlled water and pesticides. In the autumn of the second year of Tiansheng (1024), Fan led more than 40,000 civilian workers from Tongzhou, Chu, Thailand and Shanghai to build seawalls, overcoming many difficulties, and finally built a seawall with a length of 150 in the spring of the sixth year of Tiansheng, which was later called "Fan Gongdi". In the first year of Jingyou (1034), Gong Fan returned to his hometown to be the magistrate of Suzhou. As soon as he arrived, he "lured tourists to dredge the five rivers and draw water into the sea", went to the construction site in person and planted houses in the wild, but did not enter the house. After a year's efforts, the river was dredged and the accumulated water was discharged. That year, Suzhou harvested 7 million stone rice.
Wang Anshi was called1/kloc-0 by Lenin as a reformer in China in the 20th century. One of his ambitions was to "build dikes and break ponds, benefit land and water, lend money to the people and repay his promise". When he was a local official, he organized the masses to build water conservancy projects. After that, we actively reformed and innovated, promulgated the farmland water conservancy law, built water conservancy projects, diverted water from the Yellow River and silted up irrigation, which formed a nationwide climax of farmland water conservancy construction.
Hai Rui, a wise minister of the Ming Dynasty who was incorruptible and resolute all his life, once pointed out that water conservancy "is related to the national economy and people's livelihood, and one day cannot be delayed." He dredged the 18,000-foot river between Nanpaokou and Du Nan in Jiading, and dredged the seriously cut-off Baimao River. "Wusongjiang borrows the benefits of the hungry, and the old road can be passed; The people need silver rice, but the shortage is helpful, killing two birds with one stone. "
Lin Zexu, a national hero, was sent to the frontier and did not forget to build water conservancy for the people. His water control thought, hydrological report, reclamation project and water control technology still have certain reference significance.
Jiang (? -723), Tang Weizhou (now Daming North, Hebei Province). He used to be a master of Yizhou secretariat, Yucheng secretariat, Dali Qing, Si Nongqing, Shaanxi secretariat, Hejian Yin secretariat and Tongzhou secretariat. "Diligent in politics, clever in thinking, and quite aware of the benefits of ditch water" was very popular in the early Tang Dynasty.
During the Shenlong period of the Tang Dynasty (AD 705-707), when Jiang served as the secretariat of Yizhou and the Taoist supervisor of Hebei, in order to prevent the invasion of Westerners and Qidan, he diverted water to the north of Jimen as a big ditch. It also inspected the old story of Cao Cao, Emperor Wu of Wei, repairing canals, "crossing the sea" and leveling the land canal, which avoided the danger of shipping and made the water transportation from the hinterland of the Central Plains to the front line of northern Xinjiang unimpeded. In the first year of Tang Kaiyuan (AD 7 13), Jiang was appointed as the secretariat of Shaanxi. After arriving at his post, he saw that although the warehouse in Taiyuan West was not far from the Yellow River, it was often necessary to transport rice to the river by car and then to the Guanzhong by boat, which was quite labor-intensive. According to the terrain, he led the people to dig tunnels, and rice was "injected from above and then into the water", saving a lot of manpower and material resources. In the second to fourth year of Kaiyuan, a canal was opened in Huayin County to "drain". In Zheng County (now hua county, Shaanxi Province), the custom of dredging Tam and the ancient canal were used to divert water to irrigate the fields; Embankments were built on the banks of Weihe River to prevent flooding. In the sixth year of Kaiyuan, the government was changed to the river, and Jiang was transferred to the river. The former Anyi Salt Pond under its jurisdiction gradually dried up over the years. After investigation, the division decided to "open a waterway and make it a salt pond", which will benefit both public and private. In the seventh year of Kaiyuan, he moved to Tongzhou (now Dali County, Shaanxi Province) as a secretariat. At the junction of Chaoyi County and Hexi County, he chose to introduce Luoshui and the Yellow River to plant rice fields, covering an area of more than 2,000 hectares, and built more than 10 straw huts, earning tens of thousands.
"Old Tang Book" praised Jiang: "How difficult it is to be a good teacher. Although there are shortcomings from time to time, there are many successes. First of all, the Taishi asked Fu to be good at astrology and longitude and latitude, and people said,' Fu looks at the sky with two eyes, and Jiang's heart is devoted.' " (For the quotation, see "Old Tang Shu Jiang Chuan")
Wang Jing, whose real name is Zhongtong, was originally from Langxie Buqi (now southwest of Jimo County, Shandong Province). When he was in Ming Di, he worked as a counselor and riverbank worker, and then moved to Lujiang County. He was a famous water conservancy expert in the Eastern Han Dynasty.
According to Hanshu, since Wang Mang was founded for three years (A.D. 1 1 year), the Yellow River has flooded, and its branches have been invaded and destroyed, which has not been repaired for a long time. In Ming Di, "Liu Bian's eastward invasion, the sun and the moon benefited a lot. The old Watergate is all in the river, and it is unpredictable and undisciplined. " "People in Yanzhou and Henan are often flooded." In this situation, Emperor Hanming sized up the situation and made up his mind to harness the Yellow River and its side canals. In the spring of the 12th year of Yongping (AD 69), he summoned Wang Jing and asked about the strategies for harnessing the Yellow River and its side canals. When Jing Wong was young, he "read a lot of books, learned astronomical mathematics and learned a lot of skills." Because he is good at water control, he once built a drainage canal with Wang Wu, and Wang Wu will pay homage to him. He used the "pumping method" to build the canal, and the water was no longer harmful and famous. After talking with him, Ming Di praised him, gave him Shan Hai Jing, Hequ Shu, Yu Gong Tu and money and silk clothes, and ordered Wang Jing and Wu Wang to jointly take charge of river regulation and Bianhe project.
In the summer and April of the 12th year of Yongping, Wang Jing and Wu Wang led hundreds of thousands of people to "build canals and dikes and take thousands of miles from Xingyang East to Haikou". In the large-scale construction, Jing Wang "surveyed the terrain, dug mounds, broke moraines, flowed straight into ditches, and prevented scour and accumulation", and used all kinds of technical measures that could be taken at that time to dig mounds and highlands, break down the river water blocking project, block ditches, build thousands of miles of levees, and dredge blocked branch canals. Especially in the management of the side mouth, the measures of "setting sluice in ten miles to make water flow backwards" were creatively adopted, and water was alternately diverted from the river into the side mouth, which improved the side mouth sluice project and separated the river from the side mouth.
After a whole year's efforts, in the summer and April of the thirteenth year of Yongping, the project was completely completed, and the yellow flood for decades was put down, and the navigation function of the branch canal was restored, and a large area of flooded farmland was revived. Emperor Han Ming was very happy after listening to the performance. He personally "prospered Xingyang and patrolled the riverbank", and wrote: "Today, we have built dikes, dredged canals, erected gates, diverted the branches of the river, and restored its old traces. In the north of Tao Qiu, the tomb is approaching, so I recommend Jiayu as a sacrifice to the river god. Go east to Luoling, sighing the merits of Yu. Today's five soils are suitable, but their positive colors are opposite. Waterfront canals lead to fields and give them to the poor. There is no way for power and power to consolidate their interests, but to follow the work of Sejong's Xunzi. " At the same time, Ming Di also wrote that "Binhe County has set up river bank officials all over the country, such as Xijing Old System"; "Wang Wu and all those who are engaged in history have increased their ranks." In the fifteenth year of Yongping, Wang Jing toured from Ming Di to Wuyan (now southeast of Dongping, Shandong Province), and Ming Di Jiajing made great contributions to river management, and was also worshipped as a riverbank, "giving money for horses and chariots".
The river regulation in Jing Wang this time, due to the huge project, used a lot of manpower and material resources. "Although the service fee has been simplified, it is still tens of billions." The investment is huge and quite amazing. Since then, the river regulation has been smooth, and there are few records in the history books about the diversion of the Yellow River during 8900. Critics believe that this kind of situation can only appear after the Eastern Han Dynasty. Wang Jing played an important role in river management and was widely praised by later generations. (For quotations, see Ming Di in the Later Han Dynasty and Wang Jingchuan in the Later Han Dynasty).
Zheng Guo, a famous water conservancy engineer, was born in South Korea at the end of the Warring States Period. In 246 BC (the 27th year of Han Huanhui, the first year of Qin Wang's reign), Zheng was ordered by Huan Huiwang to go west to Qin State to persuade Qin Wang to build water conservancy projects, in an attempt to make Qin State focus on the country and have no time to look east. Qin adopted Zheng's suggestion and began to dig wells and repair canals that year. During the construction, the king of Qin found that coming to Qin was a plan to "exhaust Qin", and he was furious and wanted to kill him. I argued, "Although I was a minister at the beginning, I was also beneficial to the State of Qin. I am a priest of Han Yan's life, but Qin Jian's eternal work. " The king of Qin thought it was reasonable and ordered to continue to build the canal, which was finally built. Historical Records Biography of Rivers and Channels records that Zheng Guo "dug a water mirror as a channel from Xidikou, Zhongshan (now Zhongshan, northwest of Jingyang, Shaanxi) and injected it into the north of the mountain for more than 300 miles to irrigate the fields." "The canal was filled with water and irrigated more than 40,000 hectares of brine, charging one hour per mu. Therefore, Guanzhong is fertile, and there is no bad year. Qin Fuqiang is a vassal. " In order to commemorate Zheng's achievements, people named this canal.
According to Li Daoyuan's textual research, the passage area of this waterway is recorded in Notes on Water Classics Qushui: "The head of the canal is connected with the water mirror at Xidi and the mouth of Zhongshan, and the eastern route of the canal is north of Qiu Cheng and south of Zhongshan ... The eastern route is south of Sheche Palace, which is definitely a valley-melting water. Qu Zheng blasphemes east to Shan Zhinan, north of Chiyang County, east to Qingshui, east to the north of the original, and turbid water is poured in. Today, there is no one. ..... and cross the original curved beam to the east, then cross the original curved beam to the south, and then cross the original curved beam to the east. ..... Quzheng East to the south of Juxun Road, East to the north of Lianshao County, East and North of Suyi County, ... Its water flows northeast and injects into Luoshui. " As far as today is concerned, it generally flows through Jingyang, Sanyuan, Gaoling, Fuping and Pucheng counties. After the Qin Dynasty, although the irrigation area of this canal has been reduced, it has been continuous for generations, making an important contribution to the agricultural development in Guanzhong area.
Sun Shuai was a famous Chu Lingyin in the Spring and Autumn Period. The surname is Lou, the name is Ao, and the word Sun Shu, An Ai Lie. Duan Sicheng (now Gushi County, Henan Province) was born. Sun Shuai made many achievements in his life, and water conservancy was the most praised.
In Sima Qian's Biography of Official History, it is listed as the first chapter: "Sun Shuai is a scholar. Yu Qiu entered Chu Zhuangwang in order to take its place. March is Chu Xiang, a parishioner, harmonious from top to bottom, secular beauty, political delay and prohibition, no evil officials, no thieves. Advise the people to pick mountains in autumn and winter, use water in spring and summer, and each has its own place, folk music. " In the inscription of Sun Shuai Temple, Hanwang Yanshou praised Sun Shuai for his contribution to "preaching the valley, destroying the source, irrigating Voser and storing lakes and marshes". Clock the beauty of heaven and earth, and reap the benefits of nine ze. "It shows that under his advocacy, in the Spring and Autumn Period, Chu has generally built dikes on the uplift of the lake, built water conservancy projects, and agricultural production is booming." Sun Shuai ruled Chu for three years, and Chu became a tyrant. "
"Huai Nan Zi Ren Xun" said: "Sun Shuai decided to water, but irrigated Louzhi. King Zhuang knows that it can be hidden. " This may be one of the earliest canal system projects in China. According to Gong Xuan's Four Years of Zuo Zhuan, Qiu Yu, the son of Chu Lingyin, recommended Sun Shuai. Therefore, the construction of this irrigation area should be before the ninth year of Chu Zhuangwang (605 BC). Sisi and the first floor belong to the jurisdiction of Gushi today, which are located on the banks of Shihe River and Guanhe River respectively. What is puzzling is that the former is downstream and the latter is upstream. How can we draw low water to irrigate Gaotian? History is unknown. However, when Tai Lan and Tai Ping Ji quoted this sentence from Huai Nan Zi, the original text was "Chu Xiang's bad thoughts when writing". Does it mean that it is one thing to "think the future at the worst" and another to "fill the field"? This possibility cannot be ruled out; Between Sisi and Luanlou, some flood retaining and water storage projects were built in that year, forming a "long vine melon" pond system, which not only cured the downstream flood, but also ensured the upstream irrigation. It is in the construction of this water conservancy project that Sun Shuaicai showed his talents and was reused by Chu Zhuang.
Sun Shuai's achievements in water control in Gushi are considerable, which are recorded in many local chronicles. According to Jiajing's Gushi County Records, there are 932 ponds, lakes, harbors and ditches in the county, which were "built by the grandson of Chu and the grandson of Han". Gan Long's "Gwangju Gully Records" contains the water control map of Yang Ruzhen, the magistrate of Gushi County during the Kangxi period. The text says: "Sun Shuai used to be in the southeast of the city, such as the stone river dredging its canal, which was clear and pleasant, and the irrigation gate was clear, which was comparable to the irrigation of Sanshui Bay. There is a river winding from the southwest in the west, which also stopped the water and filled the stone mouth. In the south, such as rapids, Yangxing, Zian and other rivers, the dikes are publicized and each has its own mouth. Those who praised hard work in those years have already published simplified books. Later, with the change of the valley, the Qinghe River, the meandering river, the abandoned dam and sluice, the rapids, the sub-bank and other rivers, that is, the weir port and the vicious lake, were all silted up. In short, it has been a long time, and Chu Xiang's old road cannot be re-taken. " In ancient times, Si belonged to Chu, and the ancestor of the Han Dynasty (Emperor Guangwu) was renamed Gushi. In May of the third year of Yan Xi (AD 160), the county magistrate Duan Shixian built a temple for Sun Shuai. Chang Lu, an Amin poet, wrote in his poem "Visit to Lingyin Temple in Chu": "In the future, there will be traces hanging in the city, and the temples will move drums and bells deeply. Because of virtue, there is a smell of mother religion, and Yu En still inspires future generations to seal it. Frost destroyed the weeds, and the rain moss grew all the way along the green to Gu Song. After reading the monument, I went out and there was no one in the cold mountain. " According to the Records of Gushi County, in Shen Si Town in the north of the county, there is the tomb of Sun Shuai, Chu Lingyin in the Spring and Autumn Period. Unfortunately, they're all gone now.
Shaobei, located in Shouxian County, Anhui Province, was built in Chu Zhuangwang period (613 BC ~ 59 1 BC) and was also built by Sun Shuai. This is a famous large-scale irrigation project in the history of our country. It was renamed Anfengtang in Tang Dynasty, and it still plays the role of irrigation efficiency. Wang Jingchuan, a book of the later Han Dynasty, said: "There are paddy fields in Shaopi County, which were set up by Sun Shuai of Chu Dynasty. Well is to drive the government and the people to repair and abolish teaching and farming, so it is twice as open and the territory is rich. " Notes on Shui Jing Fei Shui: "Shaopi Zhou is in 120, 80 miles south of Shouchun County, which is said to be written by Chu." Another note: "The evil water path is under Sun Shuai's hall, which is called studying in Shaobei." According to historical records, Shaobei is known as "a hundred miles, a thousand hectares of irrigation", and its scale can be imagined. During the Eastern Han Dynasty, the Three Kingdoms, Tang Suzong and Yuan Shizu, they all settled here and gained great benefits. However, due to over-cultivation, heroes of past dynasties occupied ponds as fields. Although it has been renovated several times, on the eve of liberation, Shaobei dike has been disabled, and the irrigation area is only 60,000 mu. After liberation, Pishihang Water Conservancy Project was completed, and Shaobei became the anti-regulation reservoir of the East Main Canal, which took on a new look. At present, in Shaopi, all the ponds about 25 kilometers long are protected by stones, with a storage capacity of more than 654.38 billion cubic meters, which can irrigate 630,000 mu of farmland. If Chu Xiangzhi is dead, you should also smile in the grave!
According to legend, Sun Shuai has peerless talent. Before becoming your Yin, he was just a "Chu man" and a "studious man". So, who discovered his talent and recommended him as Chu Xiang? There are many interesting stories in historical materials, and I will extract one or two for readers.
Liu Xiang's New Preface Miscellaneous Matters: "Fan Ji, the wife of Chu. When Chu Zhuangwang stopped at the court and asked him why, Zhuang Wang said, "Today, Dan talked to the sage, but I don't know what he did during the day." Fan Ji said, "Who is a saint?" The king said, "For Qiu Yu's son." Fan Ji grinned. The king asked him why, and he said,' I am lucky to serve the king with a towel and comb, but I don't want to monopolize and be good at love, thinking that I will hurt the king's justice, so several people went in with me. Today, Qiu Yu has been a relative for decades, but he has never become a saint. It is disloyal to know without making progress; I don't know, I don't know. Be prepared for danger in times of peace? Tomorrow, the king told Qiu Yu's son what Fan Ji said. Qiu Yu lowered his head and said, "As Fan Ji said." So he resigned and joined Sun Shuaio. Sun Shuai is in Chu, King Zhuang is the overlord, and Fan Ji is very powerful. "
In Shuo Wen Yuan Zhigong, Liu Xiang wrote again: "Chu Ling Yin Fu:" ... I secretly chose Guo Jun's subordinate named Sun Shuai 'ao, who is versatile but has no desire for sex. If you grant government, the country can be ruled and scholars can be attached. "King Zhuang said,' With the help of my son, I will win in China, and I will be the leader of the vassal. What if I'm not a son? Confucius Qiu Yu said:' Those who have been in power for a long time are greedy; Those who do not enter the sages are also guilty; Giving up your position is not cheap. No three, infidelity. If I am unfaithful to the king, how can I be a minister? I am willing to resign. "ZhuangWang followed. Give 300 plots of land and call it. Take Sun Shuai as your yin. Little Yan, YuQiuZi home dry method, Sun Shuai kill it. When he was happy, he saw the king saying,' I say Sun Shuaiguo can make him hold the state government, obey the state laws and not join the party, and execute the punishment without being appointed!' King Zhuang said,' The words of the master are also true.' "
Lu's Spring and Autumn Annals holds another point of view, saying that it was his good friend's stalk that recommended Sun Shuai to be Chu Xiang: "King Jing wanted to be a monarch, and his stalk said,' I miss Sun Shuai, but I am also a saint. The king can use it, but if he doesn't need it, he doesn't need it. "King Jing asked people to greet Uncle Ao with Wang Yu, thinking that your son was born in 12, which is his strong point." Who recommended Sun Shuai as Chu? Opinions vary. There is no need to repeat the tedious textual research here, but there is no doubt that Sun Shuai has made outstanding contributions in all aspects as prime minister.
Sun Shuai's fame has a long history. It is said that he is kind in nature and extremely modest and prudent. "New Preface Miscellaneous Matters" contains: Sun Shuai traveled when he was young. "When he saw two snakes, he killed them and buried them. When he came back in tears, his mother asked him why, and Uncle Ao said to him,' If you smell both ends of a snake, you will die. If you see it, you will die for fear of losing your mother. His mother said, "Is this snake safe now?" He said,' I'm afraid others will see me again, so I'll kill and bury him!' His mother said,' I heard that evil people will be blessed by heaven and you will not die. "Talking about the God of jing yuan" contains: "Sun Shuai is Chu Lingyin, and a country official is Bilaihe. There was an old father, wearing thick clothes and a white crown, and then he hung it up. Sun Shuai put on his clothes and came out to his father and said,' The King of Chu doesn't know that my officials are corrupt, and my envoys are corrupt officials and people. Everyone came to congratulate him, but his son was hanged later. What's the point? "The old father said,' Yes. Those who are already expensive and proud, the people have gone; Those who are already above are evil; Those who are already rich and dissatisfied will be affected. Sun Shuai bowed again and said,' I respect your orders and would like to hear about other religions. The old father said:' The position is high and the meaning is good, the official benefits are big but the heart is small, and the Lu is thick and cautious. You keep these three things, which is enough to cure Chu! " "
Although Sun Shuai 'ao occupies an important position, his life is very simple. "Inscription of Sun Shuai Temple" said: "He cares about his country and forgets his private affairs. He has been riding a horse for three years, so he must get married. ..... exclusive national rights pets, but not glory. You can get a hundred gold at a time, but as for no teeth and no baht. If you break the jade, you will not leave a treasure to your descendants. " Yes, I was clean before my death and broke after my death. There is a story in Biography of Historian Funny, which tells the satirical story of Chu Le Jia's dream. Sun Shuai's contribution should not be forgotten. The following excerpts are taken as evidence.
"(Sun Shuai 'ao) is his son's:' When I die, you will be poor. If you go to see Youmeng, call me Sun Shuaio's son. "After living for a few years, my son is poor and has income, and he is happy:' I, Sun Shuaizi also. When my father died, I was poor and went to see Youmeng. "Youmeng said,' If there is no distance, there is something.' That is, to dress up Sun Shuai 'ao and talk about words. Years old, like Sun Shuaio, the king of Chu is inseparable from his left and right. Zhuang Wang buys wine, and you can live before Meng. King Zhuang was frightened and thought that Sun Shuai was alive again, so he wanted to meet each other. Youmeng said,' Please give it to a woman, with three days as a period.' Zhuang Wang Xu Zhi. Three days later, Youmeng came back. The king said, "What did a woman say?" Meng said:' A woman's words are cautious and inaction, and Chu's phase is insufficient. For example, when Sun Shuai became the prime minister of Chu, he ruled Chu faithfully, so that the king of Chu could dominate. He died today, and his son has no place to stand, so poor that he has to support himself with a negative salary. It is better to commit suicide than to be like Sun Shuaio. "... so the king of Zhuang, Xie Youmeng, called the son of Sun Shuai and sealed 400 families to worship in the tomb. The last ten generations are infinite. "
Looking at the above information fragments, we can generally know that Sun Shuaishan managed water, made meritorious service to the country, obeyed the law, and stood by his post until his death. His noble character of serving the people wholeheartedly deserves people's admiration and memory.
Li Bing was a hydraulic scientist in the Warring States Period and the founder of Dujiangyan. He also studies astronomy and geography. In the last years of Qin Zhaowang (about 256 BC ~ 25 BC1year), he was responsible for the construction of Dujiangyan project at the exit of Minjiang River in Dujiangyan City, Sichuan Province, thus making the western Sichuan plain rich. According to the Records of Huayang National Records, Li Bing once installed a water gauge in Dujiangyan, which was an early water level observation facility in China. He also dug beaches and dredged waterways in today's Yibin and Leshan, built irrigation and shipping projects such as Wenjing River (now Xihe in Chongqing County), Mubai River (now Nanhe in Qionglai County), Luoshui River (now Shiting River) and Mianshui River (now Mianyuan River), and built cable bridges and opened salt wells. People miss his achievements and build temples to commemorate them. After the Northern Song Dynasty, there was a myth that Li Bing's son Li Erlang helped Li Bing to control water.
Guo Shoujing (1231-1316) was an outstanding scientist in Yuan Dynasty. He is good at water conservancy and astronomical calendar calculation, and he is "ingenious". He used to be the water supervisor, Taishiling. On the eve of the opening of the Shandong section of the Beijing-Hangzhou Canal, he did a lot of exploration and survey work in the Hetao area of Ningxia, the Beijing-Hebei-Henan area and the Wensihe area, put forward more than 20 water conservancy suggestions and managed hundreds of canals and ponds. Near the Yuandadu (present-day Beijing), he presided over the reopening of Jinkou River to divert Yongding River, and presided over the construction of Tonghui River project that eventually opened the entire Beijing-Hangzhou Canal. Guo Shoujing has designed and manufactured 20 kinds of astronomical instruments, carried out astronomical geodesy in north-south 1 1000 Li and in east-west 6000 Li, and completed the chronicle of 1280. He first put forward the concept of "altitude", more than 560 years earlier than the German mathematician Gauss.
Pan Jixun (152 1- 1595) was a famous river expert in Ming Dynasty. He was the "River of Prime Ministers" for four terms, presided over the management of the Yellow River, Huaihe River and Canal, and made great achievements in the theory and practice of river management. In view of the loose river regime at that time, he built dikes on both sides of the Yellow River below Xuzhou and pulled the river back into the trough to realize the attack of water and sediment; Block the breach of Gaojiayan, reinforce Gaojiayan levee, and force Huaishui to clear its mouth and yellow; Hongze Lake is used to store the Huaihe River flood and supply water for the canal. He also put forward measures to strengthen dikes by using the scouring and silting laws of the Yellow River itself. The Ming and Qing rivers laid the foundation by him have been maintained for 300 years. His theoretical contributions are mainly as follows: ① He raised sand control to the height of the general plan of harnessing the Yellow River, and realized the transformation of the general plan of harnessing the Yellow River from water diversion to water control, and from simple water control to attaching importance to sand control. (2) Three measures to solve the problem of sediment in the Yellow River are put forward and implemented, namely, pumping water to attack sediment, storing fresh water to brush the Yellow River, and silting beaches to reinforce dikes. (3) He wrote a book "Introduction to River Defense", which systematically summarized and improved a set of dike maintenance systems and measures. Later generations commented: "As long as the river management personnel can remember one or two sentences in his book, the measures proposed must be excellent."
Li Yizhi (1882- 1938) is a famous hydraulic scientist and educator in modern China. He studied in Germany to study water conservancy in his early years. 19 15 after returning to China, he worked as a professor and principal in Nanjing Hehai Engineering College, the first water conservancy school in China, and later served as director of Shaanxi Water Conservancy Bureau, chairman of Yellow River Water Conservancy Commission and chief engineer. In Shaanxi, he used modern technology to plan the "Guanzhong Eighth Meeting" irrigation area, and personally participated in the construction of Jinghui Canal, Luohui Canal and Weihui Canal. 1933 Established China No.1 Hydraulic Laboratory in Tianjin. Li Yizhi attaches great importance to the introduction of western advanced water conservancy technology. Through the regulation planning of the Yellow River, Huaihe River and Yangtze River, it introduced many advanced western water conservancy science and technology into China, and also trained a large number of modern water conservancy talents. 193 1 initiated the establishment of the first water conservancy academic group in China-China Water Conservancy Engineering Society, and was elected as its president until its death.
In modern history, China's ancient water civilization has lagged behind the West in some aspects. Li Yizhi is one of the representatives who promoted the integration of water civilization between the East and the West in this period.
"Yang Lianxuan" was expanded after Harry's tomb, and two pairs of Harry's couplets were engraved on the pavilion column. One of them is "if you don't change the frost for three years, you must stay in the country even if you die." Please talk about your understanding of this sentence according to your understanding of Harry.
Harry is a model of honest and upright officials and a symbol of justice in the history of China. This pair of couplets expresses Harry's indomitable and upright character all his life. In spite of all difficulties and hardships, he was repeatedly hit, and devoted himself to the prosperity and stability of the country and the warmth and coldness of the people.