1. This is determined by the role of science and technology in the modern productive forces system.

with the development of modern scientific and technological revolution, science and technology have entered the production field at an unprecedented scale and speed, and modern material productivity has become a complex system.

in this complex system, science and technology itself is not only embodied as productive forces, but also becomes the most important driving force and the first constituent element among all the elements of productive forces.

second, this is determined by the contribution rate of science and technology to national economic growth.

Modern science has penetrated into economic activities and all aspects of social production, and its role in national economic growth has reached a jaw-dropping level.

Science and technology not only make the economy grow rapidly in quantity, namely scale and speed, but also make the economy make a qualitative leap, and make profound changes in economic structure, labor structure, industrial structure and management mode.

third, this is determined by the role of knowledge innovation and knowledge-creating labor in modern social production.

Scientific research is the labor of knowledge innovation or knowledge creation, and knowledge also belongs to the elements of productive forces. With the advent of the era of knowledge economy, knowledge has been considered as a driver to improve productivity and achieve economic growth.

Science and technology are the primary productive forces, which not only enriches and develops Marxist productivity theory; It is also a brand-new summary of the laws and trends of social and economic development in the contemporary world; It is also a profound summary of the practice of China's reform, opening up and modernization.

In the development process of human social productive forces, the replacement of backward productive forces by advanced productive forces is caused by the progress or breakthrough of science and technology. So science and technology are the primary productive forces. How to understand "science and technology are the primary productive forces"?

first, science and technology are important factors and forces in promoting the development of modern productive forces. Second, science and technology are the first factor in the development of modern productive forces and economic growth.

thirdly, the advanced nature of modern science and technology plays a leading role in the development of productive forces.

1. Science permeates various elements of modern productivity system; 2. In modern production, the process of "science-technology-production" has appeared, which makes science play a leading and leading role in material production; 3. Science and technology have become a major lever to promote the development of productive forces.

"Science and technology are productive forces" is the basic principle of Marxism. Marx once pointed out that "the productive forces also include science" and said: "The development of fixed capital shows how much general social knowledge has become direct productive forces."

Marx also profoundly pointed out: "Social labor productivity, first of all, is the power of science"; "The integration of huge natural forces and natural sciences into the production process by large industries will inevitably greatly improve labor productivity".

in June, 1988, according to the development trend and present situation of contemporary science and technology, Comrade * * put forward the conclusion that "science and technology is the primary productive force" at the National Science Conference. Comrade * * *' s assertion embodies Marxist productivity theory and scientific view. "Science and technology are the primary productive forces" is not only an important feature of the development of modern science and technology, but also an inevitable result of the development of science and technology.

Social productive forces are people's ability to transform nature, and natural science, as human's ability to understand and transform nature, must be included in social productive forces. Once science and technology permeate and act in the production process, it becomes a realistic and direct productive force. The characteristics and present situation of the development of modern science and technology tell us that science and technology, especially high technology, are infiltrating into and integrating with all the elements of productive forces at an increasing speed.

1. Science and technology have penetrated into all elements of productivity, and played the first role in the transformation of productivity system. The improvement of workers' quality, the transformation of production tools and the expansion of labor objects all depend on the development of science and technology. 2. Science and technology play a leading and leading role in the development of production. 3. The progress of science and technology is a major lever to promote the development of productive forces. How to understand "science and technology are the primary productive forces"?

first, science and technology play a primary role in economic development. Modern science and technology have penetrated into economic activities and all aspects of social production, which determines that it has become a decisive factor to promote economic development. Science and technology not only make the economy grow rapidly in quantity, that is, scale and speed, but also make the economy make a qualitative leap and change in economic structure, labor structure, industrial structure and management mode.

second, science and technology play the first role in all factors of productivity. After World War II, science and technology entered into production at an unprecedented scale and speed, making productivity a complex system. In this system, it not only directly manifests itself as productivity, but also acts on other factors, improving the quality of workers, promoting the progress of production tools and technologies, and expanding the sources and types of labor objects, thus becoming an important force to promote social productivity.

thirdly, modern science makes management more scientific and modern. In the development of social productive forces, the organic combination of material factors and human factors, that is, management is the key to turn potential productive forces into real productive forces. The extensive combination of science and technology and economy makes management an important category of productive forces.

science and technology are productive forces, which has always been a Marxist view. As early as more than 1 years ago, Marx said that the development of machine production requires the conscious application of natural science, and pointed out that "productivity also includes science." With the development of modern science and technology, the relationship between science and productivity is getting closer and closer. As a productive force, science and technology are playing an increasingly important role.

Modern science and technology are experiencing a great revolution. In the past 3 years, modern science and technology have not only developed in individual scientific theory and production technology, but also made progress and reform in general. Instead, almost all scientific and technological fields have undergone profound changes and made new leaps, resulting in and continuing to produce a series of emerging science and technology. Modern science paves the way for the progress of production technology and determines its development direction. Many new production tools and new technologies were first created in the scientific laboratory. Once a breakthrough is made in theoretical research, it will bring great progress to production and technology sooner or later. Contemporary natural science is being applied to production at an unprecedented scale and speed, which makes all fields of social material production look brand-new. Especially the development of computer technology, communication technology and automation technology is rapidly improving the degree of production automation. The same amount of labor, in the same working time, can produce dozens of times more products than in the past. The great development of social productive forces and the great improvement of labor productivity are mainly due to the strength of science and technology.

the basic factors of productivity are means of production and labor. What is the relationship between science and technology and means of production and labor? The means of production in history are all combined with certain science and technology; Similarly, the labor force in history is also a labor force that has mastered certain scientific and technological knowledge. We often say that people are the most active factor in productive forces. People here refer to people who have certain scientific knowledge, production experience and labor skills to use production tools and realize material production. Only when workers have a higher scientific and cultural level, rich production experience and advanced labor skills can they play a greater role in modern production.

* * put forward the famous assertion that "science and technology are the primary productive forces". There are three main meanings.

1) the first meaning: science permeates all kinds of elements of modern productivity system.

2) the second meaning: in modern production, the process of "science-technology-production" has appeared, which makes science play a leading and leading role in material production.

3) the third meaning: science and technology have become a major lever to promote the development of productive forces. First of all, the labor productivity and economic growth rate caused by scientific and technological factors are getting higher and higher. Secondly, the period from theoretical breakthrough to successful trial production of new products in natural science is shortening day by day.

first, science and technology are important factors and forces in promoting the development of modern productive forces.

second, science and technology are the first factor of modern productivity development and economic growth.

thirdly, the advanced nature of modern science and technology plays a leading role in the development of productive forces.

Key points of the answer:

(1) Science and technology are the primary productive forces, which means that science and technology are the first decisive factor in the productivity structure;

(2) Modern science and technology is an important factor in determining economic growth;

(3) Modern science and technology are increasingly becoming a part of the production process;

(4) The development speed of modern science and technology is getting faster and faster, and its information volume is expanding day by day, and the updating speed is accelerated, which constantly promotes the development and updating of productive forces. Science and technology are the primary productive forces.

On March 18th, 1978, at the National Science Conference, * * * made an opening speech, pointing out that the key to the four modernizations is the modernization of science and technology, and we should vigorously develop China's science and technology education. He emphatically expounded the Marxist viewpoint that science and technology are productive forces. On March 7, 1985, he further affirmed the exposition that "science and technology are productive forces" at the national conference on scientific and technological work. In September 1988, he said: "Marx said that science and technology are productive forces, and facts have proved that this statement is correct. In my opinion, science and technology are the primary productive forces. " In the spring of 1992, when he visited the south, he said: "To develop the economy faster, we must rely on science, technology and education. I said that science and technology are the primary productive forces. " "Science and technology are the primary productive forces" is a scientific conclusion drawn from the perspective of historical materialism epistemology and the development of science and technology in the contemporary world. (