1. "Poem to Encourage Learning"
Author Yan Zhenqing? Dynasty Tang Dynasty
Original text:
The lights are on at three o'clock and the rooster is on duty at five o'clock. It was when the boy was studying.
Black-haired people don’t know how to study early, and white-haired people regret studying late.
Interpretation:
From midnight every day until the rooster crows, it is the best time for boys to study. In their youth, they must know how to study hard and study diligently. But if you only know how to play and don't know how to study hard, you will regret when you are old that you didn't know how to study hard when you were young.
Appreciation:
The word "persuade" in "Encourage Learning" plays a leading role in the whole article. "Persuasion" is interpreted as "encouragement". In this poem titled "Encouragement to Study", the author advises young people to cherish their youth, study diligently, and make a difference. Otherwise, they will accomplish nothing when they grow old and regret it too late.
Let children initially understand that life is short, thereby increasing their enthusiasm for learning. The poem reveals this profound truth in just 28 words and achieves an inspiring effect.
2. "Winter Night Reading Shows Ziyu"
Author Lu You? Song Dynasty
Original text:
The ancients spared no effort in learning; When you are young, you can only succeed when you are old.
What you have learned on paper will eventually make you realize it, but you will definitely know that this matter must be carried out.
Interpretation:
The ancients spared no effort in learning, and often did not achieve success until old age. After all, the knowledge gained from books is not perfect. If you want to deeply understand the truth, you must practice it yourself.
Appreciation:
In the fifth year of Emperor Ningzong’s reign in the Song Dynasty, that is, at the end of 1199, Lu You wrote the poem "Reading on a Winter Night to Show Ziyu".
In this poem, the poet emphasizes on the one hand the need to persevere in learning and to make early efforts, so as to avoid "young people not working hard, old people being sad", and accomplishing nothing in the future and regretting it.
On the other hand, special emphasis is placed on "where" the effort in learning should be put. This is also the secret of learning, that is, one cannot be satisfied with literal understanding, but must practice it. In practice, Deepen your understanding. Only in this way can you turn the knowledge in books into your own practical skills.
The poet emphasizes the importance of practice in the relationship between books and practice, which is in line with the perspective of materialist epistemology. The author's insight is not only a valuable experience for people to learn and seek knowledge in feudal society, but also very enlightening for people today. It is a very valuable insight.
3. "Poem to Encourage Learning/Occasionally"
Author Zhu Xi? Dynasty Song Dynasty
Original text:
It is easy for a young man to learn but hard for an old man , Not even an inch of time should be taken lightly.
I haven’t realized the dream of spring grass in the pond, but the phoenix leaves in front of the steps have already sounded in autumn.
Interpretation: It is very easy to pass away the days of youth, but it is difficult to achieve success in learning, so you must cherish every inch of time and not let it go easily. Before I could wake up from the sweet dream of spring grass growing in the pond, the leaves of the sycamore trees in front of the steps were already rustling in the autumn wind.
Appreciation: This is a poem. The specific writing year is unknown, probably in the last years of Shaoxing (1162). This poem is widely circulated in Japan, and it has also spread like wildfire in mainland my country. It is thought to be his own work and is kept for reference.
The purpose is to persuade young people to cherish their time and study hard. It is used to persuade others and to warn themselves. The language of this poem is clear and easy to understand, and the images are vivid and vivid. Time passes quickly and years pass easily. The metaphor of spring grass in the pond before dreaming, and the sudden sound of autumn in the parasol trees in front of the steps is very appropriate and doubles the power of exhortation.
4. "One of Two Poems from Bailu Cave"
Author Wang Zhenbai? Dynasty Tang Dynasty
Original text:
Reading without realizing it Spring is deep, and every inch of time is worth an inch of gold.
It is not the Taoist who comes to make people laugh, Zhou Qing and Kong Sizheng are pursuing it.
Interpretation: Concentrate on reading, spring is over before you know it, and every inch of time is as precious as an inch of gold. It was not that the Taoists came to laugh at him, but he devoted himself to studying the essence of Zhou Gong's thoughts and teachings of Confucius.
Appreciation:
This is a poem about the poet's own reading life, and it is also a poem about cherishing time. "Bailu Cave" is located in the south of Houping Mountain at the southern foot of Wulaofeng in Mount Lu in present-day Jiangxi Province. It is surrounded by green mountains, shaded by green trees, and has a quiet environment. The name "White Deer Cave" is not actually a cave, but a square of land in the valley. In the mid-Tang Dynasty, Li Bo once studied here and kept a white deer as a companion, so it was named "White Deer Cave".
"It's late spring before I know it" means that I concentrate on reading and it's late spring before I know it. "Spring is deep" still means late spring or late spring. It can be seen from this poem that the poet was absorbed in reading, lived a tense and fulfilling life every day, and completely forgot about time. Spring is almost over, the poet suddenly discovered it accidentally.
"It is not the Taoist who comes to make people laugh, Zhou Qing and Confucius are pursuing it." It is a narrative, adding that he discovered the "deep spring" because "the Taoist comes to make people laugh." "Taoist" refers to the Taoist people in Bailu Cave.
"To make people laugh" means to make people laugh, to make a joke. Taoists can endure loneliness and calm down by practicing Zen, but poets need Taoists to "make them laugh" before they are willing to relax and rest for a while. This shows that the poet's concentration on reading is extraordinary.
The line "An inch of time is an inch of gold" in the poem has become a wise saying that has been passed down through the ages to encourage people to cherish time.
Future generations should be inspired and educated by it. Knowledge is accumulated over time. In order to enrich and enrich oneself, one should cherish time very much.
5. "Reflections on Reading"
Author Zhu Xi? Dynasty Southern Song Dynasty
Original text:
Half an acre of square pond opens with a mirror , the skylight and cloud shadows linger endlessly.
Ask him how clear it is? Come for living water from a source.
Interpretation: The half-acre square pond is displayed in front of you like a mirror. The brilliance of the sky and the shadow of the floating clouds all move together in the mirror. I want to ask why the water in Fangtang is so clear? It is because there is an inexhaustible source that continuously delivers living water to it.
Appreciation: Zhu Xi's "Reflections on Reading" is a reasoning poem. Literally it looks like a landscape poem, but it actually talks about the importance of reading to a person. This poem contains timeless meaning and profound philosophy, is inspiring and timeless, and embodies the poet's ardent hope for readers.
Reading requires seeking differences and innovation. The poem uses the source of living water as a metaphor for learning, which requires continuous reading. Only by constantly absorbing new nutrients from reading can we make rapid progress. Students must overcome impetuous emotions when reading so that their hearts can be as clear as pool water. Only when the source of living water is constantly flowing can the water in the pool be clear and reflect the blue sky and cloud shadows. Only by reading frequently can people nourish their souls and rejuvenate their spirits.
The half-acre pond is like a mirror, reflecting the skylight and cloud shadows flashing back and forth. I wonder why this pond is so clear? It turns out that there is living water constantly flowing from the source! The source of living water is used as a metaphor for reading and learning. Only by persisting in opening books and constantly acquiring new knowledge can we make rapid progress. The meaning of the poem is so profound!
The poet uses scenery to describe principles, which is vivid and profound, and skillfully expresses a subtle and pleasant reading experience. "Ask the canal how clear it is, because there is living water from the source." On the surface, it means that the water is "so clear" because the living water from the source is constantly injected. In fact, it indicates that if people want to have a clear mind, they must continue to study hard and constantly seek new ideas. Only by constantly acquiring new knowledge can we reach the highest level.
6. "Two Poems with Reflections on Viewing Books in Living Water Pavilion, Part Two"
Author Zhu Xi? Dynasty Song Dynasty
Original text:
Last night, the spring water grew on the riverside, and the huge stern ships were as light as a dime.
I have always wasted my efforts to move forward, but today I am in the middle of the flow.
Explanation: The spring water on the riverside rose sharply last night, and the huge warship was as light as a feather. In the past, it could not be moved even if it took a lot of effort, but today it can move freely in the middle of the water.
Appreciation:
This poem uses metaphorical imagery. It takes rafting as an example to allow readers to experience the principles related to learning.
"The spring water grew by the river last night, and the giant ships were as light as a dime." The word "Mengchong" is also written as "艨艉". Because it rained heavily "last night", the "spring water on the riverside" and thousands of streams rolled into the river, so the "Mengchong Giant Ship" that had been stranded floated like a feather.
"It has always been a waste of effort to push, but today the current is free." It is said that in the past, the water was shallow, and everyone pushed the boat in vain. However, at this time, the spring water surged, and the giant ship floated freely. Walk in the current.
The importance of spring water is highlighted in the poem, and the objective meaning contained in it is to emphasize the flourishing of artistic inspiration, which is enough to make artistic creation smooth and free; it can also be understood that creating art requires basic skills, and practice makes perfect and control it freely.