In the history of China, there was a man who was very famous, but people didn't even know his last name. This man is Lao Tzu. What's Lao Tzu's last name? What does Lao Zi do? According to historical records, Lao Tzu's surname is Li, so everyone says Lao Tzu's surname is Li.
Is Lao Zi really surnamed Li? What does Lao Zi do? There have always been different opinions about Laozi's life experience. According to Historical Records, "I was born in Qurenli, Li Xiang, Chuku County. His surname is Li, his name is Er, and his word is Yong, which is Zhou Shoucang's history book. "
There are many unreasonable places in this statement. First of all, if Lao Zi's surname is Li, why is it called Lao Zi instead of Li Zi? Secondly, there was no surname Li before. Where did Lao Zi's surname Li come from? Third, there were a large number of unemployed royal families in the Zhou Dynasty. How can such a position as keeping the history of the Tibetan room be given to a Chu man? Fourth, the Tibetan room is an important position in history, especially for the royal family, its importance is self-evident. Collection room is not only the national library, but also the National Cultural Relics Museum and the Central Literature Museum. It is absolutely impossible for an outsider to hold such an important position.
According to tradition, the history of the storage room must come from a noble family, not the royal family, but also the Taishi family of the Zhou Dynasty. Therefore, the records in Historical Records are not sufficient. In fact, even Sima Qian doubted his own writing style, so Historical Records continued to record that Lao Laizi was also a Chu, and wrote 15 books, which were used by Taoism and contemporary with Confucius. One hundred and twenty-nine years after the death of Confucius, Zhan Jian, the great historian Zhou, said, "In the early Qin Dynasty, Zhou He left at the age of 500, and at the age of 70, the overlord came out." Or Zhan is Lao zi, or not, the world will never know whether it is true or not.
Thus, in Historical Records, Sima Qian actually gave Lao Zi three candidate answers: Li Er, Lao Laizi and Tai Shizhan. Sima Qian is not sure which one is right.
In the Records of Historical Records, one thing is accurate, that is, Laozi is the curator of the National Museum. From this, it can be basically determined that Laozi is a Zhou native and a royal family. Laozi has long been known for his profound knowledge, and Confucius once learned from him.
What's Lao Tzu's last name? Lao zi's surname is Lao, of course, otherwise he wouldn't be called Lao zi. My name is Lao Dan, but according to the rules of the Zhou Dynasty, I think he is the youngest, so I call him Lao Jiyong.
During the Spring and Autumn Period, there were various surnames. Because there were too few surnames at first, people often took their grandfather's name as their surname, and later they became surnames regardless of their surnames.
Then, why did Sima Qian say that Lao Tzu was surnamed Li?
The reason is this: there was a split within the royal family of the Zhou Dynasty, and there was a war between the family moved from the Western Zhou Dynasty headed by Wang Zichao and the original family in Luoyang. Lao Zi is an ally of Wang Zichao, because he is a descendant of a surname. Later, a war broke out between the two sides, which was called Wang Zichao Rebellion. With the intervention of the State of Jin, Wang Zichao was defeated and fled to the north of Chu. According to Zuo Zhuan, in the twenty-sixth year of Lu, the Zhao family, Mao Bode, Yin Shigu and Nangong clamored to go to Chu in the Zhou Dynasty.
Please note: When Wang Zichao fled, he ordered to tidy up his peers living in the dynasty. Where are the ancient books? National library. Lao Dan, the curator, had to emulate the library's actions morally and professionally. In this way, Lao Tzu fled to Chu. Since then, Wang Zichao's people have escaped. At this time, Lao Tzu had to choose to continue to flee, so he fled to the hometown of Lao Tzu mentioned by Sima Qian-Guxian (now Lu Yi, Henan). However, not long after, Wang Zichao was assassinated, which forced Lao Zi to move again, this time in Song State. Here, Lao Tzu has to be anonymous, claiming that he is only a refugee in the Zhou Dynasty war.
"What's your name?" It is inevitable that someone will ask. I decided to change my name, so I didn't dare to say my surname was Lao. Instead, I cut my head off from the name Ji Yong and turned it into Li Er.
"My surname is Li, and my name is Li Er." Say, Lao Dan was named Li Er. Laozi's children and grandchildren have all become Li since then.
Don't say I live incognito. In order to avoid being hunted, our descendants changed their surname to Chao. That's how the surname came from. Later, Lao Tzu wrote the Tao Te Ching, saying that it was passed on to Yin Xi, which is Guanyin. In fact, they are good friends and refugees in exile. Yin is from the Yin family, and the Yin family is on this side.
According to legend, Lao Tzu later went to the west. Some people say that he went to Qin, some people say that he went to India, and some people say that he went to Rome. Exactly where it went, in fact, no one knows. But judging from the means of transportation at that time and the economic strength and age of Laozi, it is estimated that he went to the State of Qin. From the Western Zhou Dynasty to the Eastern Zhou Dynasty, many noble bronzes could not be taken away, so they were buried underground. I think my ancestors also buried some. I'm not sure whether I will go back to treasure hunting.
What is Tao Te Ching? It is indisputable that the Tao Te Ching was written by Laozi. But in recent years, some people say that the Tao Te Ching should be the Tao Te Ching, probably because they are worried about adding new words. So, what is the Tao Te Ching talking about?
Tao Te Ching is actually an astronomical work. Why do you say that? "Everything in the world is born out of nothing. Birds of a feather flock together and are born naturally. Independence, freedom and danger can be the mother of heaven and earth. I don't know its name, it's a strong word. Tao gives birth to one, two, three and everything. Everything is negative and holds yang, thinking that it is harmonious. " This is a famous passage in Tao Te Ching. What is it about? Talking about the creation of the universe. In recent years, the research of human scientists basically thinks that Laozi's statement is correct. In other words, more than two thousand years ago, Lao Tzu told us how the universe was formed. Is there any greater achievement than this? Later, Lao Tzu asked human beings according to the laws of the operation of the universe, so he had no desire and no desire, and he had the saying that "the voices of chickens and dogs hear each other, and the old and the dead don't interact", and these are actually the laws of the operation of celestial bodies. Then, how can the Tao Te Ching be the Tao Te Ching?
Why do I have such an idea? We really can't understand the origin of the universe. How Lao Tzu got such advanced research results will probably be a mystery through the ages. But why did Lao Tzu demand human beings with the laws of celestial bodies? This is easy to understand, because I personally experienced the chaos in Wang Zichao, who knew that desire would destroy people. If it weren't for the struggle for power and interests, Wang Zichao would still be a prince, living a high life, and he wouldn't remain anonymous in other countries. It is better to "let nature take its course".