Cao Caozi Meng De, nicknamed Ayun, was a famous strategist, politician and writer in the Three Kingdoms period. Cao Cao, who was both civil and military, was named Wang Wei at the age of 65. After Cao Cao's son Cao Pi proclaimed himself emperor, Cao Cao was honored as Emperor Wu and was known as Wei Wudi in history. At that time, there was a famous person in Runan named Xu Shao who was good at commenting on characters. He commented that Cao Cao was "an able person who managed the world and a traitor in troubled times". Luo Guanzhong's Cao Cao has a treacherous side. But, mainly, it highlights his masculine side. He is broad-minded, courageous and good at employing people. Cao Cao is famous for his talent for love. Xu Shu couldn't come up with a plan to enter the Cao Cao camp, but Cao Cao didn't kill him; Huang Xu was ordered to kill Cao Cao, but Cao Cao asked Man Chong to persuade Huang Xu to surrender to Cao Cao. Later, Huang Xu became a general under Cao Cao and made great contributions to Cao Cao. From the perspective of feudal orthodoxy, Cao Cao is certainly a rebel and a thief. But if we think about it from another angle, it reflects that Cao Cao seized the opportunity very decisively, decisively and wisely.
On the other hand, Cao Cao is an adulterer. The specific performance is as follows: (1) Kill Lv Boshe. Cao Cao failed to assassinate Dong and fled. On the way, he went to his old friend and killed pigs with Lu to entertain guests. Cao Cao thought that Lu would harm himself and killed Lu's family. "I would rather lose the world than the world lose me" became his famous saying.
(2) Kill Yang Xiu. Yang Xiu, a sponsor, committed several taboos against Cao Cao. There are several things that can be explained: First, Cao Cao wrote the word "live" on the door of the garden to show off his talent, but this guy Yang Xiu didn't give him face and insisted on wearing Cao Cao's peep show-Cao Cao "avoided it". Second, the guests from afar sent a box of cakes to Cao Cao, who ate them alone. In our modern words, it is to show off cleverness-Cao Cao's "evil". Third, Cao Cao wanted to kill people in his dream to warn everyone, but Yang Xiu insisted on exposing Cao Cao's "worse" in front of everyone. Fourth, Yang Xiu told Cao Pimi to invite Song Chaolong Wu Zhi to enter the imperial court for discussion, but he was framed by Wu Zhi's machinations. Cao Cao thinks that Yang Xiu is framing Cao Pi, Cao Cao's "worse place". Fifth, Cao Cao wanted to try the talents of Cao Pi and Cao Zhi, but Yang Xiu insisted on teaching Cao Zhi how to do it. The result was discovered by Cao Cao, which ruined Cao Cao's "great anger". Sixth, Yang Xiu answered Cao Zhi's question and was told by Cao Cao that Cao Cao was "furious". These six things forced Cao Cao step by step, and finally killed Yang Xiu under the pretext of "chicken ribs" incident and "disturbing the morale of the army", which became the objective reason why Yang Xiu was killed by Cao Cao.
(3) kill Hua tuo. In order to build the first temple, Cao Cao personally cut down the pear tree in front of Yuelong Temple with his sword, which offended the god of pear trees. That night, he had a nightmare. After waking up, he continued to have a headache. He found a good doctor, but it was useless.
Later, Hua Tuo recommended Hua Tuo to Cao Cao, and Cao Cao immediately sent someone to invite Hua Tuo to see him in the evening. Hua Tuo believed that Cao Cao's headache was caused by a stroke, and the root of the disease was in his head, which could not be cured by drinking some soup. First drink "Ma Fei Tang" (also known as "Leprosy Powder", an anesthetic invented by Hua Tuo), and then cut his head open with a sharp axe to remove the root of the disease.
Suspicious Cao Cao thought that Hua tuo was taking the opportunity to kill him and avenge Guan Yu, so he ordered Hua tuo to be put into prison and tortured, resulting in the death of a generation of imperial doctors in prison, and Hua tuo's "Green Capsule Book" was also lost.
(4) killing grain officials. At that time, Yuan Shao's younger brother was called Yuan Shu. In Shouchun, Anhui Province, because I got the seal of the emperor, he thought I could be the emperor now, and I proclaimed myself emperor in Shouchun City. Actually, your strength is not enough. What's the use of having this stamp box? So Cao Cao wanted to attack him. However, Shouchun City is not easy to attack. After a while, you can't beat it. What should I do if I see that the grain and grass are almost finished? He called Dong Wang, the grain official, and told him that from today on, you will give me a small bucket to put grain. The grain official said, everyone can see that soldiers won't complain about me immediately if they don't have enough to eat? Cao Cao told him that you don't have to worry about this matter, and I will be responsible for it for you. Wang Nan had to do as he told him. Sure enough, the soldiers below were in an uproar because they didn't have enough to eat that day. What shall we do? Then Cao Cao called this Dong Wang and told him that I wanted to borrow something from you. This Dong Wang said I have nothing to lend you, "your head", borrow his head. This Wang Nan said I was innocent. You asked me to put the food in a small bucket. Why did you kill me? Cao Cao said, I know you are innocent, but not killing you is not enough to make the people angry, so I told him that from now on, your wife and children will be raised by me, and you can set your mind at ease to put Wang Nan out and behead them, telling everyone that it was Wang Nangan, a grain official, and Wang Nan devoted himself to Cao Cao's great cause.
(5) being hypocritical. "Step on the wheat field and cut your hair instead of your head". I'm glad I won a war, and it happened to be a bumper harvest in April. Because I was in a good mood, I gave an order that all soldiers were not allowed to spoil food. Some people would be beheaded as soon as they stepped into the wheat field, but just after this order was issued, his own horse was surprised by a turtledove flying in the field. Then he set foot on a large wheat field alone. what should he do ？ I want to kill myself with my sword. Of course, I want to advise you, Prime Minister, that you can't kill yourself. If you kill yourself, what shall we do? Who do we rely on? I count on you to unify the world. So Cao Cao said, what should I do? I will cut off my hair, which is my punishment. When he breaks the law himself, it will be nothing to solve the problem. Haircut: Also known as "Qiu", it is the punishment second only to beheading.
(6) Xuzhou massacre. His philosophy of life is "I'd rather be negative about the world than teach the world to be negative about me". Lv Boshe's family, who treated him warmly, was brutally murdered by him. In order to avenge his father and attack Xuzhou, he "killed everyone" and "left no chickens or dogs" wherever he went.
(7) Killing people in dreams. Cao Cao told his entourage that he would kill people in his dreams to protect himself. In order to convince people to believe what they said, they deliberately pushed the quilt away when they slept one night. A servant who is deeply loved by Cao Cao usually picks up the quilt on the ground and covers it for his master. Cao Cao suddenly turned over, jumped up, pulled out the sword beside the bed, and with a wave of his hand, the servant died at once. Cao Cao was still playing dumb when he woke up the next day. Let everyone believe that Cao Gong does have mysterious self-protection ability in his sleep. Only one person can see this move of Cao Cao clearly. This man is Yang Xiu. When Cao Cao pretended to send his attendants to the funeral, he held the coffin and said with a wry smile, "It's not Cao Gong who is dreaming, it's you who is dreaming!" " Fuck, I hate it.
2. Liu Bei:
Liu Bei was born in Zhuoxian County, Zhuo Jun (now Zhuoxian County, Hebei Province). The son of Emperor Jing of Han Dynasty is a descendant of Liu Sheng, King Jing of Zhongshan. The teenager was lonely, making a living by selling shoes and weaving straw mats with his mother. Later, he became brothers with Guan Yu and Zhang Fei in Taoyuan. Destroy the yellow turban insurrectionary army, as Anxi county commandant. Has been a sponsor, take refuge in Gongsun Zan, Cao Cao, Yuan Shao, Liu Biao. In the 12th year of Jian 'an (A.D. 207), Zhuge Liang was invited by San Gu Mao Lu as a military adviser and led the army to capture Jingzhou, Yizhou and Hanzhong. He officially proclaimed himself emperor in 22 1 year. In retaliation for Guan Yu and Zhang Fei, he attacked Wu on a large scale and was defeated by Lu Xun of Soochow with fire. Soon he died in Baidicheng at the age of 63. The world also called him Wei Liu.
Liu Bei in the book is a kind, wise and upright elder. However, Lu Xun once criticized that it seems false to show Liu Bei's thickness. This sentence is very appropriate for Liu Bei in the Romance of the Three Kingdoms. Zhou Yu preached: Liu Bei's heroic posture is not a person who bows to others for a long time. But Liu Bei in the book is too kind everywhere, giving people a false feeling. However, due to the admiration of Liu Bei in the book, the portrayal of Liu Bei is still positive. Liu Bei has a brave side, and Liu Bei's martial arts can be seen in Lu Bu's three British wars. However, in order to reflect the wise monarch, Liu Bei's virtue is emphatically portrayed. First of all, it embodies Liu Bei's loyalty, Liu Bei's loyalty to the Han Dynasty, the imperial edict of Emperor Xian of Han Dynasty, and his refusal to be emperor when the Han Dynasty was still alive. Secondly, it embodies benevolence, insisting on taking people across the river when Xinye itself is in danger. Third, it embodies righteousness and insists on revenge for the two sworn brothers after their death. Fourth, it embodies kindness. Many times, I have the opportunity to get it, but I can't get it. Fifth, it shows that we attach great importance to talents. The most outstanding performance is Zhao Yun's wrestling after riding the savior alone. The so-called folk proverb "Liu Bei cast his son-buy a heart". In terms of buying people's hearts, Liu Bei's crying is particularly prominent in the novel, so some people say that most of Liu Bei's mountains and rivers are crying. However, it is precisely because Liu Bei pays too much attention to such small virtues and ignores some great virtues. For example, in dealing with the deaths of Guan Yu and Zhang Fei, too much emphasis was placed on brotherhood and national justice was neglected, which led to the defeat of Shu Han, and the revival of Han Dynasty was futile.
3. Zhang Fei
Zhang Fei, Liu's younger brother, is the second person among the five generals of Shu. The word Yide was born in Zhuojun (now Zhuoxian County, Hebei Province). Liu Bei, who worked with Guan Yu as a child. Fighting with Guan Yu and Liu Bei against Lu Bu in Hulao Pass. A roar on the Changbanpo Bridge scared away Cao Cao's million-strong army. Jia Mengguan fought Ma Chao at night, and an eight-legged snake spear bravely crowned the three armies. After Liu Bei entered Sichuan, he became a general and was named Hou of Xixiang. In 22 1 year, in order to avenge his second brother Guan Yu, he and Liu Bei attacked Wu Dong together. Before he left, he was assassinated by Fan Jiang and Zhang Da of the Ministry of Foreign Affairs for whipping foot soldiers. He died at the age of 55. Zhang Fei attaches great importance to friendship and martial arts. Of course, he can't compare with Zhuge Liang in strategy, but occasionally he performs well, being crude and meticulous! It's a pity that he didn't die on the battlefield, but was killed by the villain. Chen Shou, the author of The Three Kingdoms, has this comment: "Guan Yu and Zhang Fei are all enemies of ten thousand people, and they are all tigers and ministers in the world. Feathering Cao Gong, flying Yan Yan, has the wind of a national scholar. However, feathers are just pride, flying violently without grace, and it is normal to take short clothes.
4. Guan Yu
Guan Yu, a martial artist in China, together with Confucius in Wen Sheng, is highly respected by Chinese people. Guan Yu is the first of the five tigers in Shu, with awe-inspiring loyalty. He is widely worshipped by people and is honored as "Guan Gong" and "Guan Fuzi". When Guan Yu was a child, he was familiar with Zuo Zhuan and Chunqiu. He had a beautiful beard and was called "Beard". In addition to the positive image of Guan Yu, the novel also criticizes Guan Yu's shortcomings. Mainly from the aspects of personality, martial arts and personality. In the martial arts, Hua Xiong was beheaded by warm wine, Che Zhou was beheaded by the city, Wen Chou was beheaded by Yan Liang, six generals were beheaded by five customs, and seven armies were flooded, all of which are wonderful descriptions of the martial arts saints. Among them, Guan Yunchang wrote the image of an iron man. At the same time, as a warrior sage respected by the rulers and people of past dynasties, personality is a more important aspect, and Guan Yunchang's "loyalty" is particularly prominent in this respect. His loyalty is reflected in sealing gold, hanging seals and protecting his sister-in-law, and his righteousness is reflected in his interpretation of Cao Cao. In character, he is different from other heroes, honest and aboveboard. It is because of this "loyalty and loyalty to SHEN WOO" that he became a soldier. However, The Romance of the Three Kingdoms also criticized his defect, that is, arrogance. This can be seen from his desire to compete with Ma Chao and his refusal to accept Huang Zhong. Guan Yu made three main mistakes in this respect. One is that he didn't handle the relationship with the alliance well, refused Sun Quan's proposal and offended the toilet. Ercuo didn't handle the relationship with his colleagues well, and looked down on Mi Fang, Dr. Ren and others who were guarding Jingzhou, resulting in isolation. Three mistakes underestimating the enemy, being attacked from behind and losing Jingzhou. In the end, he was captured alive by Ma Zhong, a young boy from Wujun County. After being captured, Guan Yu refused to surrender and was beheaded by Wu Dong. He died at the age of 56, and he will always hate it.
5. Zhuge Liang
Zhuge Liang, the word Kong Ming. Han Guang and four years (18 1), he was born in a bureaucratic family in Yang Du-Langxie. Zhuge Liang's father, Zhuge Gui, named Simon, worked as a county magistrate in Taishan in the late Eastern Han Dynasty. Zhuge Liang lost his father in his early years and came to Zhang Yu with his younger brother Zhuge Jun, who was appointed as the magistrate by Yuan Shu. Later, Zhuge Xuan died of illness. Zhuge Liang and his sister-in-law moved to Longzhong and lived in seclusion in the countryside to make a living. In the fourth year of Jian 'an (199), Zhuge Liang and his friend Xu Shu studied under Mr. Si Mahui, a water mirror.
Zhuge Liang doesn't stick to one chapter and one sentence in his reading. After a cursory look, he likes to recite the ancient ballad Song of Fu Liang. Through painstaking research, he is not only familiar with astronomy and geography, but also with tactical art of war. He is ambitious and takes the world as his responsibility. Zhuge Liang also paid great attention to observing and analyzing the society at that time and accumulated rich knowledge of governing the country and using troops.
In the 12th year of Jian 'an (207), when Zhuge Liang was 27 years old, Liu Bei visited the Caotang in Longzhong, Xiangyang, and met Zhuge Liang. Zhuge Liang brilliantly analyzed the situation at that time, and put forward the strategic idea of seizing Jing and Yi as a base, reforming politics at home, uniting with Sun Quan abroad, appeasing Yi Yue in the south, waiting for an opportunity, dividing the troops into two northern expeditions and unifying the whole country.
Liu Bei personally visited the thatched cottage and earnestly asked Zhuge Liang to come out of the mountain to help him complete the great cause of reviving the Han Dynasty. Zhuge Liang came out to assist Liu Bei, forming the momentum of the Three Kingdoms. He allied himself with his grandson against Cao. Chibi defeated Cao Jun and seized Jingzhou. Jian 'an sixteen years, captured Yizhou. Then he defeated Cao Jun and won Hanzhong. In twenty-six years, Liu Bei established the Shu-Han regime in Chengdu, and Zhuge Liang was appointed as the prime minister to preside over state affairs. In the third year of the military war (223), Liu Bei was critically ill, and later things depended on each other.
After Liu Chan succeeded to the throne, Zhuge Liang was named the marquis of Wuxiang and was in charge of Yizhou animal husbandry. Diligent and prudent, big and small political affairs must be hands-on, strict rewards and punishments, good relations with all ethnic groups in southwest China, reclamation, and strengthening combat readiness. In the fifth year of lite (227), Shangshu (the "model") was stationed in Liu Chan, and the army was stationed in Hanzhong. It explored the Central Plains six times before and after, and many of them failed with grain. Twelve years, eventually due to overwork, died in Zhang Wu's original army.
Zhuge Liang was an outstanding politician, thinker and strategist in Shu during the Three Kingdoms period. For thousands of years, Zhuge Liang became the embodiment of wisdom, and his legendary story was told by the world. Zhuge Liang's main works in his life are: Before, After and Long Zhong Dui. Zhuge Liang is ingenious, resourceful and thoughtful. He invented the "crossbow", which can shoot 10 arrows at the same time; As a "wooden cow flowing horse", it is convenient for military transportation in mountainous areas; He also derived Sun Tzu's Art of War and made an "eight-array diagram"
6. Zhou Yu
From the History of the Three Kingdoms to the Romance of the Three Kingdoms, Zhou Yu is a terrible person, who is described as a person with insufficient wisdom, clumsy and inferior to Zhuge Liang everywhere. But even so, people can still see a radiant image, from the fifteenth appearance to the fifty-seventh death. It is a romantic and elegant, intelligent and capable, but impulsive and simple-minded image of Zhou Yu. Zhou Yu's romantic elegance is not described much in the book, but Su Shi's poem Niannujiao. The image of black silk scarf of feather fan in Red Cliff Nostalgia is deeply rooted in people's hearts. Speaking of talents, it goes without saying that we trained a first-class water army, used Jiang Gan to play along, used Huang Gai's risk, and finally defeated Cao with fire. But in order to set off Zhuge Liang, there are many negative descriptions of Zhou Yu in the book. The first is against Cao Cao. The motive for writing Zhou Yu is narrow, but Zhuge Liang lied that Cao Cao intended to "embrace Er Qiao in the southeast and enjoy it together." Make Zhou Yu resist Cao. Moreover, in Battle of Red Cliffs, he only played a supporting role, falling behind Zhuge Liang everywhere. Even in character, it seems too narrow-minded. If something happens, he will vomit blood. He is jealous of Zhuge Liang, a talented person, and has a heart to kill. At the same time, his death is precisely because of his backward intelligence and narrow mind. He lost the fruits of victory, lost his wife, dismissed the soldiers, and finally tried to earn each other, but even lost his life. I hate that his wisdom cannot be used by Wu Dong.
7. Sima Yi
Sima Yi was born in a noble family. He worked as a small official in the county in his early years, and was later classified as a civil servant by Cao Cao. Sima Yi was a literary consultant in his early years and later became the main book. He is one of Cao Cao's advisers, but he is not famous. Later, Sima Yi helped Cao Pi to make a plan to cut Shu by five roads, and began to emerge. Before his death, Cao Pi became a minister of life care. After Cao Rui acceded to the throne, Sima Yi volunteered to guard the western part of Wei. Later, due to Masu's double espionage scheme, it was once abandoned. However, in the face of Zhuge Liang's Northern Expedition, Wei had to use Sima Yi again. Sima Yi was defeated by Zhuge Liang many times, so he adopted the strategy of closing the door without fighting until Zhuge Liang died of illness. After Cao Fang succeeded to the throne, Sima Yi and Cao Shuang jointly assisted the government. Sima Yi was ostracized by Cao Shuang, so he launched a coup and killed the Cao Shuang clan, and from then on he mastered the power of Wei. After Sima Yi's death, the regime of Wei State was still controlled by his son, which led to the appearance of Wei State in Jin State many years later. Sima Yi was posthumously named Emperor of Jin Dynasty.