1. Blessings lie on misfortunes, and misfortunes lie on blessings. It means that blessing and disaster are interdependent and transform each other. It is a metaphor that bad things can lead to good results, and good things can also lead to bad results. Everything has its two sides.

Source: Chapter 58 of "Laozi": "Misfortune comes, blessings rely on it; blessings come, misfortune lies on it."

Interpretation: When encountering disaster, blessings rely on it ; Get good fortune, but disaster lurks.

2. A blessing in disguise. It means that although you suffer a loss for a while, you can get benefits from it. It also means that bad things can turn into good things under certain conditions. Likewise. To describe a person's mentality, one must be optimistic. Everything has two sides, and the bad side may be transformed into the good side.

Source: "Huainanzi·Human World Training".

The man near the fortress had good skills. His horse died for no reason and everyone was worried about it. His father said, "Why is this not a blessing?" "After staying for several months, his horse returned with Hu Jun's horse. Everyone congratulated him, and his father said: "Why can't this be a disaster? "The family was rich and had a good horse, and his son was good at riding it. However, it fell and broke its beard (pronounced bì, stock, thigh).

Everyone was worried about it, and his father said: "How can this not be a blessing? "After one year of residence, a large number of barbarians entered the fortress, and the strong men led the fight. Nineteen of the people who were close to the fortress died. This was only because of lameness, and the father and son protected each other. Therefore, blessings turned into disasters, and disasters turned into blessings. Unfathomable and unfathomable

Translation:

Among the people near the frontier, there was a man who was proficient in magic and his horse ran to the barbarians. Everyone came to express their condolences to him. The father said, "Why do you know it's not good luck? "A few months later, his horse came back with the barbarians' horses, and everyone congratulated him. The father said, "Why do you know it's not the cause of the problem? "The family was rich and had horses. His son liked to ride horses. Once he fell off the horse and broke his femur. Everyone expressed condolences to him. The father said: "Why do you know it is not good luck? ? "After a year, the Hu people invaded the frontier fortress in large numbers. The strong men took up their bows and arrows to join the battle. Nine out of ten who participated in the battle died, and those who survived were seriously injured.

Only his Because the son broke his leg, the father and son were able to save their lives. Therefore, blessings can turn into disasters, and disasters can turn into blessings. The changes are unpredictable and unfathomable.

3. Water can be carried. A boat can also capsize a boat. Original meaning: On water, water can carry a boat, but it can also capsize it. To the world, the people are like a sea of ??water droplets, and the emperor is like a boat on the sea. Metaphor In ordinary times, the same thing often has two sides.

Source: "Xunzi King System": It is said: "The king is like a boat; the common person is like water. Water carries the boat, water overturns the boat. "This is what it means.

Translation: The king is like a boat, and the people are like water. The water can make the boat travel or drown it.

4. Success is like failure. "Succeeded by Xiao He" means that Han Xin became the general because of Xiao He's recommendation; "Failed by Xiao He" means that Han Xin was killed because of Xiao He's plan.

Source: "Historical Records·Biographies of the Marquis of Huaiyin"

When Xiang Liang crossed the Huaihe River, he followed him with his trusty staff and sword, and lived under his command. However, he was not well-known. Xiang Liang was defeated and belonged to Xiang Yu, who was regarded as a doctor. Xiang Yu was sent to serve several times, but Yu did not use it. When the king of Han entered Shu, Xin died in Chu and returned to Han. He was not well-known, so he was killed by Lian Ao. Seeing Teng Gong, he said: "If the superiors don't want it, then the world will do it?" What does it mean to kill a strong man! ”

Teng Gong was very curious about his words and his appearance, and he explained them without cutting them off. He said it loudly and said it loudly. When he spoke to the emperor, he worshiped him as the captain of the governor of Su, which was not surprising.

How strange is Xin Shu's words to Xiao He? When we arrived at Nanzheng, dozens of generals died while practicing the Dao. How could Xin Du have already spoken to me several times, but if I don't use them, he will perish. There is a saying: "Why did the Prime Minister die?" "The superior was very angry, as if he had lost both his left and right hands. After staying for a day or two, why did he come to visit the superior? The superior was angry and happy, why did he scold him and said, "What if you die?" He said: "I dare not die, but I pursue those who die."

”

The above said: “Who are you chasing? Said: "Han Xin also." "The emperor scolded again: "If you count the dead by ten, you will not pursue them. Pursuing your trust is a deception. He said: "Generals can easily get their ears." Those who truly believe will be unparalleled in their country. The king must want to be a long-term king in Hanzhong, and he will believe in nothing; he will definitely want to compete in the world, and he will not believe in anything and plan things. Gu Wang Ce'an decided to ear. "The king said: "I also want to go to Dong'er. How can I live here in depression for a long time? "

He said: "The king's plan must be to go east. If you can use your faith, your faith will remain; if you can't use it, your faith will eventually die." The king said: "I am a public servant and a general." He said: "Although I am a general, I will never leave my faith." The king said: "I thought I was a general." He said: "I'm very lucky." "Then the king wanted to summon Xin to worship him. He said: "The king has always been arrogant and rude, and now he is worshiping the general as if he were calling a child's ear. This is why Xin went.

The king will definitely want to worship it, so he will choose a good day, fast, set up a altar, and use etiquette to listen. "The king promised it. All the generals were happy, and everyone thought they had won a general. When it came time to pay homage to the general, it was Han Xin, and the whole army was shocked.

Translation:

At the end of the Qin Dynasty and the beginning of the Han Dynasty , there was a man named Han Xin in Huaiyin (now part of Jiangsu Province). When he was young, he lived a lonely life and was looked down upon by others. Later, Han Xin defected to Xiang Yu and participated in the rebellion against Qin. He made some suggestions to Xiang Yu, but they were useless. Adopted. Han Xin saw that his talents could not be used, so he switched to Liu Bang.

At first, Liu Bang did not reuse Han Xin and only made him a junior officer. He broke the military law once and almost failed. His son was executed. After his death, he was only allowed to serve as a minor official in charge of grain and grass management. By chance, Han Xin met Xiao He, who was Liu Bang's confidant, and Liu Bang followed his advice. After Xiao He had a long talk with Han Xin, he admired Han Xin very much and believed that Han Xin was a rare military genius. However, just when Xiao He decided to recommend Han Xin to Liu Bang, it turned out that Han Xin ran away. Most of Liu Bang's subordinates were from the Xuzhou area. Liu Bang was named the King of Han, and his fiefdom was in Hanzhong. The area was narrow and difficult to develop. Therefore, his subordinates fled because of homesickness. Seeing that Liu Bang had no intention of reusing him, he also ran away. .

When Xiao He learned about Han Xin's escape, he was so anxious that he had no time to report to Liu Bang. He jumped on his horse and chased Han Xin back overnight. Liu Bang originally thought that Xiao He had also escaped, and was very angry when he learned that Xiao He had escaped. To recover such a humble official like Han Xin, he scolded Xiao He for making a fuss out of a molehill. Xiao He introduced Han Xin's situation to Liu Bang in detail, and then said: "Han Xin has outstanding military talents and is not an ordinary talent. If you are willing to be the king of Hanzhong for the rest of your life, then that's it. If you want to conquer the world, you must reuse this person. "Due to Xiao He's strong recommendation, Liu Bang finally agreed to worship Han Xin as a general, and chose an auspicious day to hold a grand ceremony of general worship.

After Han Xin was worshiped as a general by Liu Bang, he gave full play to his military capabilities. However, after Liu Bang became emperor, he became more and more worried about Han Xin. First, he removed Han Xin's military power and changed his title from "King of Qi" to "King of Chu". Soon after, Han Xin was arrested again; after pardon, he was only granted the title of "Marquis of Huaiyin".

Han Xin lived in Chang'an, depressed and frustrated. He was framed for rebellion and reported to Liu Bang's wife Empress Lu. Empress Lu wanted to summon Han Xin to get rid of him, but was afraid that he would not submit, so she negotiated with Xiao He. Finally, Xiao He tricked Han Xin into the palace, and Empress Lu murdered Han Xin in the Bell Chamber of Changle Palace on charges of treason.

Based on this period of history, later generations came up with the idiom "Success is due to Xiao He, failure is also due to Xiao He", which means that the success or failure of things is all due to the same person.

5. Mountains and rivers return to doubtful paths, and willows and flowers are bright in another village. It not only writes that Shanxi villages are surrounded by mountains and rivers, with flowers blooming and endless spring scenery. On the other hand, it is rich in philosophy and expresses a certain regularity in the changes and development of life, which is endlessly memorable. . It shows the poet's unique thinking and spirit - there is often infinite hope in adversity.

Source: "Visiting to Shanxi Village" by the Song Dynasty poet Lu You.

Visiting. Shanxi Village

Moxiao Farmhouse is full of wax and wine. During the good years, there are enough chickens and dolphins. Following Chunshe, the simple and ancient style of clothing remains.

From now on, if I am allowed to take advantage of the moonlight, I will knock on the door all the time and night with my stick.

Translation:

Don’t laugh at the turbid wine brewed by farmers in the twelfth lunar month. In the year of harvest, the dishes for entertaining guests are very rich.

The mountains are overlapping and the water is twisting. I am worried that there is no way to go. Suddenly, another mountain village appears in front of me.

The day of playing the flute and playing the drum in the Spring Society is approaching, but the villagers still retain the ancient custom of simple clothes.

If I can still take advantage of the beautiful moonlight to go out for leisure in the future, I will knock on your door at any time with a cane.