Definition of environmental protection

Environmental protection means that human beings consciously protect natural resources, make rational use of natural resources and prevent the natural environment from being polluted and destroyed; It is necessary to comprehensively control the polluted and destroyed environment and create an environment suitable for human life and work. Environmental protection refers to various actions taken by human beings to solve real or potential environmental problems, coordinate the relationship between human beings and the environment, and ensure the sustainable development of economy and society. Its methods and means include engineering technology, administration, law, economy, publicity and education, etc. Its contents mainly include:

(1) Prevention and control of environmental pollution caused by production and living activities, including prevention and control of "three wastes" (waste water, waste gas and waste residue), dust, radioactive substances, noise, vibration, odor and electromagnetic microwave radiation, harmful gases, liquids and noise generated by transportation activities, pollutants discharged by ships at sea, toxic and harmful chemicals used in industrial and agricultural production and people's life, and smoke and dust discharged from urban life.

(2) Preventing environmental damage caused by construction and development activities, including preventing environmental pollution and damage caused by large-scale water conservancy projects, railways, highway trunk lines, large-scale ports and docks, airports and large-scale industrial projects, and preventing environmental damage, pollution and impact caused by land reclamation around lakes, development of offshore oil fields, coastal zones and swamps, development of forests and mineral resources, and establishment and construction of new industrial zones and new towns;

(3) Protecting the natural environment with special value, including effectively protecting rare species and their living environment, historical sites of special natural development, geological phenomena, landforms and landscapes, etc. In addition, urban and rural planning, controlling soil erosion and desertification, planting trees, controlling population growth and distribution, and rationally allocating productive forces also belong to environmental protection. Environmental protection has become one of the common actions and main tasks of governments and people all over the world. China declared environmental protection as a basic national policy, and formulated and promulgated a series of environmental protection laws and regulations to ensure the implementation of this basic national policy.

Environmental protection (hereinafter referred to as environmental protection) is a serious environmental pollution caused by industrial development, which first attracted the attention of industrialized countries. Make use of national laws and regulations and public opinion propaganda to urge the whole society to pay attention to and deal with pollution problems.

1962, American biologist rachel carson published a book named Silent Spring, which expounded the pollution and destruction of pesticide DDT to the environment. Because of the warning of this book, the American government began to investigate the problem of highly toxic pesticides, and established the Environmental Protection Agency in 1970, and various States successively passed laws prohibiting the production and use of highly toxic pesticides. This book is regarded as the symbolic starting point of environmental ecology in the 20th century.

From June 5, 1972 to June 6, 1972,/kloc-0, sponsored by the United Nations, the first United Nations Conference on the Human Environment was held in Stockholm, Sweden, and the famous Declaration on the Human Environment was put forward, which was the beginning that environmental protection officially attracted the attention of governments all over the world. The Government of China also attended the meeting.

China's environmental protection also started with 1972. Guanting Reservoir Protection Office was established in Beijing, and Three Wastes Treatment Office was established in Hebei Province. At the same time, the problem of pollution of Guanting Reservoir in Shacheng pesticide plant, which belongs to Hebei Province, was studied and dealt with, which led to the promulgation of laws in China to formally ban the production and use of DDT nationwide. 1973 Established the Environmental Protection Office under the State Construction Committee, and later changed it to the State Environmental Protection Administration directly under the State Council. Provinces (cities, districts) have also established environmental protection bureaus (departments). And set up an environmental reporting hotline 12369 and an online center 12369 to receive reports of environmental pollution incidents from the masses.

The main responsibility of the government's environmental protection department is to implement the policies for controlling pollutant discharge formulated by parliaments (people's congresses) at all levels and encourage the development of pollutant discharge control technologies to control pollution and protect and improve the environment.

Ten environmental disasters threaten mankind.

First of all, the soil has been destroyed.

According to the reference news, the fertility of cultivated land in 1 10 country (*** 10 billion people) is decreasing. In Africa, Asia and Latin America, soil erosion is very serious due to the disappearance of forest vegetation, over-exploitation of cultivated land and over-grazing of pasture. The bare land becomes fragile and cannot resist the long-term wind and rain erosion. In some places, the annual soil loss can reach per hectare 100 tons. The overuse of chemical fertilizers and pesticides, the falling of toxic dust related to air pollution, the spraying of mud everywhere, and the dumping of dangerous wastes everywhere all constitute irreversible pollution to the land.

2. The greenhouse effect of climate change and energy waste is a serious threat to all mankind.

According to the prediction of 2,500 representative experts, the sea level will rise, and many densely populated areas (such as Bangladeshi, China coastal areas and most islands in the Pacific Ocean and Indian Ocean) will be submerged. Rising temperatures will also have a serious impact on agriculture and ecosystems. It is predicted that in 1990-20 10, the energy consumption in the Asia-Pacific region will double and that in Latin America will increase by 50%-70%. Therefore, the process of energy-saving technology transfer between the west and developing countries should be strengthened. In particular, we should use economic incentives to enable industrialists to develop technology to improve the utilization efficiency of industrial resources.

Third, biodiversity is decreasing.

Due to urbanization, agricultural development, forest reduction and environmental pollution, the natural area has become smaller and smaller, leading to the extinction of thousands of species. Because the extinction of some species will lead to the disappearance of many molecules that can be used to make new drugs, and also lead to the disappearance of many genes that can help crops overcome bad weather, and even lead to new plagues.

Fourth, the reduction of forest area.

In recent decades, the forest area in tropical countries has also been seriously reduced. In 1980- 1990,1500,000 hectares of forest disappeared in the world. According to the current rate of forest area reduction, 40 years later, some Southeast Asian countries will not see a tree.

Verb (abbreviation for verb) Fresh water resources are threatened.

According to experts' estimation, from the beginning of the next century, a quarter of the world will be short of water for a long time. Please remember that we can't make water, we can only try to protect it.

Six, chemical pollution

Millions of compounds brought by industry exist in air, soil, water, plants, animals and human body. Even the ice sheet, the last large natural ecosystem on earth, has been polluted. Those organic compounds, heavy metals and toxic products are concentrated in the whole food chain, which will eventually threaten the health of animals and plants, lead to cancer and weaken soil fertility.

Seven, chaotic urbanization

By the end of this century, there will be 2 1 big cities in the world, and the living conditions of big cities will further deteriorate: congestion, water pollution, poor sanitation and insecurity-the disorderly expansion of these big cities has also destroyed natural areas. Therefore, unrestricted urbanization should be regarded as a new drawback of civilization.

Eight. Overexploitation of the ocean and pollution in coastal areas

Due to overfishing, marine fishery resources are decreasing at an alarming rate. As a result, many poor people who depend on protein for their livelihood are facing the threat of hunger. The rich heavy metals and organophosphorus compounds in fish may bring serious problems to the health of fish eaters. The coastal areas are under great population pressure. 60% of the world's population is crowded in places less than 100 km from the sea. This crowded population makes these usually fragile places out of balance.

Nine, air pollution

The air in most big cities contains many pollutants from heating, transportation and factory production. These pollutants threaten the health of tens of millions of citizens and cause many deaths.

X. polar ozone hole

Although people have signed the Montreal Protocol, an ozone hole still forms over the earth's poles every spring. The ozone layer in the Arctic is lost by 20% to 30%, and the ozone layer in the Antarctic is lost by more than 50%.

Code of conduct for citizens' environmental protection

Be proud of saving water-turn off the tap at any time and don't let the water run away in vain.

China is one of 12 water-deficient countries in the world, and its fresh water resources are less than14 of the world's per capita water. More than half of the more than 600 cities in China are short of water, of which 108 cities are seriously short of water. The scarcity of surface water resources leads to over-exploitation of groundwater. In the 1950s, wells in Beijing could pump water from 5 meters underground. Now the average depth of 40,000 wells in Beijing is 49 meters, and the groundwater resources are almost exhausted.

2. Protect the water source-protecting the water source means protecting life.

According to environmental monitoring, about 654.38 billion tons of sewage is directly discharged into water bodies every day in China. More than half of China's seven major water systems are polluted. Of the 35 key lakes, 17 are seriously polluted, and13 of the water bodies in China are not suitable for irrigation. More than 90% of urban waters are seriously polluted, more than 50% of urban water sources do not meet drinking water standards, 40% of water sources are no longer drinkable, and 60%-70% of the total water shortage in southern cities is caused by water pollution.

3. Use more water-let the water be reused.

70% of the earth's surface is covered with water, which is about 65.438+0.4 billion cubic meters, of which 96.5% is seawater. Although the rest is fresh water, more than half of it is water resources that can be directly used, such as ice, rivers and lakes, accounting for only about 0.003% of the total water.

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