#高二# Introduction Until the second year of high school, students’ learning consciousness increases. On the one hand, they receive knowledge from teachers, but this acceptance should also be different from the previous passive acceptance. It is based on their own thinking. , Accept on the basis of understanding. On the other hand, students actively acquire knowledge through self-study. Whether the transformation can be successfully realized is the key to whether the results can be achieved. The following is the "Original Text and Translation of the Senior High School Classical Chinese Teacher's Speech" brought to you by Wuwei. I hope it will be helpful to you!

1. Original Text

The Teacher's Speech

Ancient scholars must have teachers. A teacher is the one who preaches the truth, receives karma and resolves doubts. People are not born with knowledge, how can they be free from confusion? If you are confused and do not follow the teacher, it is confusion, and you will not be able to understand it in the end. Those who were born before me, they heard the Tao before me, and I learned from them; those who were born after me, they heard the Tao before me, and I learned from them. My teacher, do you know who was born to me one year or another? Therefore, there is neither high nor low, neither long nor short. Where the Tao exists, the teacher exists.

Sigh! It’s been a long time since teachers’ teachings were passed on! It’s hard to be free from confusion! The ancient saints were also far away from others, and they still asked if they were teachers. Today's people are also far away from the saints, and they are ashamed to learn from their teachers. Therefore, the saint will benefit the saint, and the fool will benefit the fool. Is this why saints are saints and fools are fools? If you love your son, you will choose a teacher and teach him; if you are concerned about your son, you will be ashamed of the teacher and confused. The boy's teacher teaches the readers the book and then learns its sentences. He is not what I call someone who teaches him the way and solves his confusion. I don’t know how to read a sentence, I don’t understand it when I’m confused, maybe I’m a teacher, or maybe I’m not good at it. I haven’t seen the clarity from elementary school but great legacy. A man of witchcraft, medicine, music, and craftsmanship, he is not ashamed to be a physiognomist. The clan of scholar-bureaucrats would gather in groups and laugh at those who said "master" or "disciple". When asked, he said: "He is similar to that year, and the Tao is similar. A low position is shameful, and a high official is close to flattery." Woohoo! It can be seen that the teacher's way is no longer restored. Gentlemen despise a man who is a man of witchcraft, medicine, music and craftsmanship, but now his wisdom is beyond his reach. How strange that is!

The saint is the teacher of impermanence. Confucius studied under Tanzi, Changhong, Xiang and Laodan. The disciples of Tanzi were not as wise as Confucius. Confucius said: When three people are walking together, there must be my teacher. Therefore, the disciple does not have to be inferior to the master, and the master does not have to be better than the disciple. There is a priority in learning the Tao, and there is a specialization in the art, that's all.

Zi Pan, a seventeen-year-old son of the Li family, was fond of ancient prose and was familiar with all the classics and biographies of the six arts. Yu Jiaqi was able to practice the ancient way and wrote "Shi Shuo" to teach him.

2. Translation

Those who studied in ancient times must have teachers. A teacher is a person who teaches Taoism, teaches academics, and explains difficult problems. People are not born with knowledge and principles. Who can be without doubts? If you have doubts and do not learn from the teacher, those confusing questions will never be solved. If someone was born before me, he knew the truth before me, so I would learn from him and regard him as my teacher; if he was born after me, if he knew the truth before me, I would also follow him and worship him. for teachers. I learned principles from him. Who cares whether he was born before me or after me? Therefore, in terms of following the teacher's instructions, there is no distinction between noble and humble, no distinction between elder and younger. Where the Tao exists, there is the teacher.

Alas! The ancient custom of learning from a teacher has not been spread for a long time. It is difficult for people to have no doubts! The ancient saints were far beyond ordinary people, but they still had to ask teachers for advice (he, Yan is the pronoun); today's ordinary people, their intelligence is far below that of saints, but they are ashamed to learn from teachers. Therefore, the saint becomes more enlightened and the fool becomes more ignorant. The reason why saints become saints and the reasons why fools become fools are probably all due to this reason! Love your child and choose a teacher to teach him. But for himself, he considers it shameful to follow the teacher. He is really confused! Those children's teachers who teach them to read and learn the pauses in the sentences in the book are not what I call teachers who teach principles and answer difficult questions. If you don’t know how to stop a sentence, you have to ask the teacher; if you have doubts that cannot be solved, you don’t want to ask the teacher; you have learned the small aspects but lost the big ones. I didn't see his understanding. Witch doctors, musicians, and various craftsmen are not ashamed to learn from each other. When people like the scholar-bureaucrats heard someone calling them "teacher" or "disciple", they gathered together to laugh at them. Ask them and say: "He is about the same age as him and knows about the same principles. Treating someone with a low status as a teacher is enough to feel shameful; treating someone with a high official position as a teacher is considered to be close to flattery."

"Hey! This shows that the custom of seeking teachers is difficult to recover! Gentlemen despise witch doctors, musicians, and various craftsmen, but now their wisdom is inferior to these people. This is really strange! < /p>

Sages have no fixed teachers. Confucius once took Tanzi, Chang Hong, Shi Xiang, and Laodan as his teachers. None of them were as wise as Confucius. Come on, there must be someone among them who can be my teacher. "So students are not necessarily inferior to teachers, and teachers are not necessarily wiser than students. They hear the truth earlier and later, and each has his or her own expertise in knowledge and skills. That's all.

The Li family's child Pan is seventeen years old. I like ancient Chinese literature, and have studied the XX and Zhuanwen of the Six Classics in general, without being bound by current customs, and learning from me. I commend him for following the path of learning from the ancients, and wrote this "Teacher's Statement" as a gift to him.

3. Notes

Scholar: a person who studies.

A teacher is a person who teaches, teaches, and explains. People who have difficult questions. Therefore, Tao refers to the Confucian way. It refers to the study of ancient classics, history, and ancient Chinese writing.

People are not born knowing. It refers to knowledge and principles. "The Analects of Confucius·Ji Shi": "Those who are born knowing are the best; those who learn to know." The second is: if you are sleepy and learn it, then you will do the next thing; if you are sleepy and do not learn, the people will be inferior. "Know, understand.

It is confusion: the doubts he has.

Born in front of me: that is, born in front of me. Hu: equivalent to "yu", and the following The "hu" in "Xianhuwu" is the same.

Hearing, extended to know, understand.

Then learn from him: follow (him) and worship him as your teacher. , meaning to use... as a teacher.

My teacher means: I (learn from him), use as a verb. > Fu Yong knows that he was born one after another: How can I consider whether he is older or younger than me? Yong, I know, understand, and know.

Therefore: Therefore, therefore.

None: No.

Where the Tao exists, the teacher exists: It means that where the Tao exists, there is my teacher.

Teacher's way: the tradition of following teachers. As mentioned above, "ancient scholars must have teachers." And: Still, still.

Everyone: Ordinary people.

Next: Not as good as action.

Shame on learning from a teacher. Shame, to be ashamed of...

Therefore, the saint will benefit from the saint, and the fool will benefit from the fool: Therefore, the saint will become more saintly, and the fool will become more stupid.

In his body: For himself. The body, oneself, oneself.

Confused: (How confused)

The teacher of the child: those who teach children.

p>

Teach the book and learn its sentences (dòu): teach him the book and (help him) learn the sentences in it. It is called sentence tea. The ancients refer to the sentence where the meaning of the sentence is completed, and the sentence is read when the meaning is not completed. There is no punctuation in ancient books. When teaching children to read, the sentence reading should be done. Teaching.

I don’t know how to pronounce a sentence. It has the same structure as the following “Confusion”.

Either it’s a teacher or it’s not. Some (referring to small things like "not knowing how to read a sentence") follow the teacher, and some (referring to big things such as "not understanding the sentence") do not follow the teacher. : Learn the small ones (referring to "not knowing how to read a sentence") but lose the big ones (referring to "not being able to understand").

Baigong: various crafts. p>

Xiangshi: To worship others as a teacher.

Those who say “master” means “disciple”: when talking about teacher and disciple.

Nian Xiangru: Similar in age.

Fu: Recovery.

Gentleman: the "family of scholar-bureaucrats" mentioned above.

Disdain: disdain to be ranked with it, that is, look down upon. Or "despise".

Nai: unexpectedly, unexpectedly.

It’s strange: Is it worth being surprised? Is it possible? I asked rhetorically. 椤, a modal particle, expresses exclamation.

Sages are impermanent teachers: Saints have no fixed teachers. Often, fixed.

Tanzi: The king of Tan State (now Tancheng County, Shandong Province) in the Spring and Autumn Period. According to legend, Confucius once asked him for an official position.

苋(cháng) Hong: A doctor during the reign of King Jing of the Eastern Zhou Dynasty. It is said that Confucius once asked him for advice on ancient music.

Shi Xiang: A music official from the state of Lu in the Spring and Autumn Period, named Xiang. It is said that Confucius once learned piano from him.

Lao Dan (dān): Laozi, surnamed Li Ming'er, a native of the Chu state in the Spring and Autumn Period, a thinker and the founder of the Taoist school. It is said that Confucius once learned Zhou rites from him. Dan is the character for Lao Tzu.

Zhi: This type.

When three people are walking together, there must be my teacher; if there are several people traveling together, there must be my teacher among them. The original words of "The Analects of Confucius: Shuer": "The Master said: 'When three people walk, they must have my teacher. Choose the good ones and follow them, and change the bad ones.'"

No: No must.

The technical professions have specializations: each has its own specialized research in business. Attack, study, research.

Li's son Pan (pán): The name of the Li family's child is Pan. Li Pan, a disciple of Han Yu, was a Jinshi in the 19th year of Zhenyuan (803) of Tang Dezong.

Independent of the times: refers to not being bound by the bad custom of the time that it was shameful to seek a teacher. Shi, Shi custom, refers to the bad atmosphere among the scholar-bureaucrats at that time who were ashamed to be teachers. Yu, was.

Yu Jiaqi can practice the ancient way: I praise him for following the ancient custom of learning from teachers. Jia: Praise, commendation.

Yi: gift, gift.

4. Introduction to the author

Han Yu (768-824), courtesy name Tuizhi, Han nationality, was born in Heyang, Henei, Tang Dynasty (now Meng County, Henan). He calls himself Wang Changli of the county and Han Changli in the world. The advocate of the ancient prose movement in the Tang Dynasty, Su Shi in the Song Dynasty called him "the rise of literary works in the Eight Dynasties and the decline of the Eight Dynasties". In the name of "Wenzong", he wrote forty volumes of "Han Changli Collection", ten volumes of "Waiji Collection", "Shi Shuo" and so on.

5. Writing background

The author shows that anyone can be his or her own teacher, and that no one should be discouraged from learning humbly because of their status or age difference. At the end of the article, the words and deeds of Confucius are used as evidence, stating that seeking teachers and respecting the Tao has been a practice since ancient times, and people of this era should not abandon the ancient Tao.

This is an important essay in Han Yu's prose. The article discusses the necessity and principles of learning from teachers, criticizes the bad habit of "shame on learning from teachers" in society at that time, shows extraordinary courage and fighting spirit, and also shows the author's spirit of expressing his own opinions regardless of the world.

School education in ancient China was very developed, with official schools from the central to local governments. Han Yu was thirty-five years old when he wrote this article and was teaching in the Imperial College. So, why did Han Yu say that "scholars in ancient times must have teachers" and "the way of teachers has not been passed on for a long time"? It turns out that the "teacher" he spoke of has a unique meaning. It does not refer to school teachers at all levels of government, nor does it refer to enlightenment teachers who "teach books and learn to read their sentences", but refers to people who have achieved academic success in society and can "preach preaching, accept karma and resolve doubts". Han Yu not only promoted himself as such a person, but also was known for being a good teacher to others. "New Book of Tang" originally said that he "achieved as a Jinshi and was often well-known. After being taught by Yu, all of them were called disciples of the Han clan."

In the Tang Dynasty, the clan system since the Wei and Jin Dynasties was still followed. The children of the nobles all entered Hongwen Hall, Chongwen Hall and Guozixue. No matter how well they studied, they all had official positions. The social background of Han Yu writing "Shi Shuo" can be seen from a passage in Liu Zongyuan's "Reply to Wei Zhongli on Shi Dao Shu". Liu Zongyuan said: "From the Wei and Jin dynasties below, people do not want to be teachers. In today's world, if you don't hear of a teacher, if you do, you will always laugh at them. They think that you are a madman, and you will be alone. The more you work hard and ignore the customs, you will be insulted by laughter, and you will be recruited to learn from them. "Shi Shuo", because of his resistance to appearance, he became a teacher. The monsters in the world gathered and scolded him, and he became more and more famous for his words. Living in Chang'an, he had no time to cook and went east. There are countless of them." From this we can see that it is commendable that Han Yu wrote "Shi Shuo" and promoted his own views in a big way.

In fact, "Shi Shuo" can be regarded as a solemn declaration by Han Yu to advocate "ancient prose".

Since the Six Dynasties, parallel prose has been popular. Writing articles does not pay attention to ideological content, but emphasizes antiphonal rhyme and gorgeous words and sentences. Although some works with high artistic achievements have been produced, it has led to the proliferation of idleness in literary creation. This custom remained popular until the mid-Tang Dynasty. In the Tang Dynasty, Han Yu was not the first person to advocate "ancient prose", but he was a master of it. He effectively contributed to the rise and development of the "Ancient Prose Movement" in both literary theory and creative practice. He advocated that "literature should convey the Tao" and practiced it, cultivating a large number of young people who were interested in creating ancient prose.