1, intuitive.

Comenius believes that teaching must follow the principle of intuition, and because of "the authenticity and accuracy of science, it depends more on sensory proof than anything else." That is to say. Learning scientific knowledge itself requires intuitive teaching. He pointed out that only with all kinds of evidence provided by a feeling can we gain a reliable understanding of all kinds of practical things.

At the same time, because of getting rid of the blind dependence on external authority, students can be guided to see with their own eyes and think with their own brains, thus developing their wisdom. Only through intuitive learning can the learned knowledge be easily understood, thorough and consolidated. Comenius asked for pictures or models instead of objects. The teaching of natural science knowledge should attach importance to activities such as visiting experiments.

Step by step.

Comenius believes that the development of nature and many human activities are orderly. However, the teaching work of the old empirical school is very chaotic, such as mainly teaching characters in books, embarking on a dead end of text teaching, and not paying attention to the teaching of works from the beginning of grammar.

Teach abstract principles first, and then give examples. Comenius' thoughts can be summarized as follows. In the teaching content, we should arrange the order of teaching subjects reasonably and divide the contents of each subject into stages in detail. In the arrangement of knowledge teaching, the requirements are from near to far, from easy to difficult, from simple to complex, from known to unknown, from concrete to abstract and so on.

The arrangement of teaching time should also be carefully divided. Finally, the connection between practice and application. In short, Comenius asked the school to teach step by step according to the students' age and existing knowledge from beginning to end.

3. Children's learning desire and initiative.

Comenius quoted quintilian as saying that the acquisition of knowledge lies in the willingness to seek knowledge, and knowledge cannot be forced. He believes that forcing children to study their lessons can not achieve the expected results of adults, but will cause great harm, which is contrary to nature.

He believes that people are naturally eager for knowledge and will never get tired of it. Therefore, parents, teachers, schools and the state should take all measures to stimulate students' thirst for knowledge, for example, teachers should be gentle and persuasive towards students.

Choose practical and useful knowledge as teaching content, pay attention to teaching art, and make teaching attractive; Teaching with pictures and instruments can stimulate students' curiosity and interest in learning, make learning easy and enjoyable, and so on.

4. Teaching should be deepened and consolidated.

Comenius takes the solid degree of knowledge mastery and the degree of ready use as the standard to measure whether the teaching is thorough or not. He compares learning knowledge without consolidating it to constantly throwing water on a sieve, which will not make people wise. He asked the teacher to explain clearly the reasons and reasons of things when giving lectures, so that the knowledge can be consolidated on the basis of understanding.

He advocates doing more exercises and reviewing frequently, which can hone your memory and consolidate what you have learned. He suggested that the contents of some books used in each class should be summarized and hung on the wall of the classroom, so that students' feelings, memories and understanding can be practiced together every day, thus helping to consolidate and master knowledge.