Confucius' famous saying. From the Analects of Confucius Yong Ye: "Confucius said:' Quality is better than literature, and literature is better than history, gentle and gentle, and then a gentleman'." According to the word meaning, text and literary talent; Quality, simplicity; Binbin, mixed appearance. Zhu Xi's Annotations on the Analects of Confucius in the Southern Song Dynasty: "Scholars should make up for more losses, but as for virtue, it is unexpected." Liu Baonan's The Analects of Justice in the Qing Dynasty: "Rites have quality and text. Quality, this also. There is no ceremony without foundation, no text, and it can be done. " Confucius' words "Wen" refer to the external expression of propriety; "Quality" refers to the inner benevolence. Only when you have the inner character of "benevolence" and can show it in a polite way can you become a "gentleman". The relationship between literature and quality, that is, the relationship between courtesy and benevolence. This one embodies the ideal personality of "gentleman" that Confucius tried his best to admire; The other reflects his consistent doctrine of the mean: that is, he does not advocate partiality over literature, nor does he advocate partiality over quality; It is not easy to be impartial and serve both purposes, but to go too far. "Confucius said:' The quality of Yu Xia, the article of Yin and Zhou Dynasties, is the best. The text of Yu Xia is incomparable in quality; The quality of Yin and Zhou Dynasties is beyond words; How easy is it to say that the quality of the text is good? "("Book of Rites ")

Stay away from ghosts and gods

Confucius' famous saying. From the Analects of Confucius, Yong Ye: "Fan Chi asked about knowledge, and Confucius said,' Serving the people and staying away from ghosts and gods can be described as knowing'". Zhu Xi's note: "Dedicated to what is appropriate for humanity, not to be confused by the unknowability of ghosts and gods, but also to know." (Notes on the Analects of Confucius) Liu Baonan in Qing Dynasty interpreted this sentence as: "It means to respect ghosts and gods with courtesy" (Justice of the Analects of Confucius). "Book of Rites": "Confucius said:' Xia Dao respects life, keeps ghosts away from God, and is close and loyal; Yin people respect God, lead the people to serve God, put ghosts before rituals; People in the Zhou Dynasty respect the ceremony, but ghosts respect God and stay away from it. People who are close to them are free of charge. Fan Wen Net

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is loyal. "Combined with the above Confucius told Fan Chi language, we can see that Confucius holds a different view of ghosts and gods from Xia merchants, and taught Fan Chi to learn from Zhou Dao. On the premise of acknowledging the existence of ghosts and gods, Confucius also put forward that we should neither treat ghosts and gods lightly nor be close to them, which is different from emphasizing human beings before ghosts and gods in daily life and social activities (The Analects of Confucius advanced: "Ji Lu asked about ghosts and gods, and Confucius said,' If you can't serve people, how can you serve ghosts?' ") attitude.

if you want to stand up and be a man, you want to be a man.

Confucius' famous saying. From the Analects of Confucius Yong Ye, Confucius replied to Zi Gong and asked Ren: "A man who is benevolent wants to stand up and stand up, and he wants to reach people, and he can draw a close analogy. It can be said that the side of benevolence is already there." Zhu Xi's Notes on the Analects of Confucius: "If you think of yourself and others, the heart of the benevolent is also there. From this point of view, you can see the flow of nature and have no leisure." Ruan Yuan's Collection of Classrooms in Qing Dynasty: "Never tire of it, and make your own achievements;" Teach people tirelessly, and make people talented. Standing, such as' standing at thirty'; Those who reach, such as' in Bangbida, at home must reach'. " This sentence still says that if you want to stand up, you should also make others stand up, and if you want everything to work, you should also make others work. Therefore, it embodies the way of "forgiveness" advocated by Confucius, that is, the practical ways and methods of "benevolence" It is the high standard of "forgiveness" to do what you want others to do, that is, to practice "benevolence" in a positive sense, while the low standard is to push what you hate and others without adding evil, that is, to practice "benevolence" in a negative sense (see The Analects of Yan Yuan: don't do to others what you don't want others to do to you), to push yourself and others, and to know others by yourself, that is, to admit the value of others and care about them.

saying without doing, believing is good for the past

Confucius' famous saying. The words "The Analects of Confucius": "Confucius said:' Tell without doing, be faithful and ancient, and steal from my old Peng'." Biography of the Scholars in the History of Han Dynasty: Confucius "studied the ancient and modern texts", narrated the Book, called Yue, discussed the Poetry, Yinlu's Spring and Autumn Annals, and improved the Book of Changes, "all because of the near-holy things, in order to establish the teaching of the former king. Therefore, it is said that' telling without doing, believing and being ancient' ". Zhu Xi's Notes on the Analects of Confucius: "Confucius deleted Poetry, Book, ceremony, music, praise of Zhouyi and revision of Spring and Autumn Annals, all of which were handed down by the former king, but never did anything." Its sentence means to pass on the old chapters without creating them, and it is both obedient and fond of ancient culture. "Doing nothing" and "cherishing the past" are the summaries of Confucius' lifelong teaching and academic research career, and also reflect his principles of sorting out historical and cultural heritage and his basic attitude towards ancient culture. The so-called "don't do it", Zhu Xi thinks that Confucius "has done more than he did" (ibid.). Then scholars thought that Confucius actually wrote and wrote.